EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"The Societal Impact Reward in Honour of Giovanni Anania\u0000 La récompense de l'impact sociétal en l'honneur de Giovanni Anania\u0000 Der Societal Impact Reward zu Ehren von Giovanni Anania","authors":"John Davis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Reducing Food Loss and Waste on Sustainable Food Systems\u0000 Impact de la réduction des pertes et du gaspillage alimentaires sur les systèmes alimentaires durables\u0000 Auswirkungen der Reduzierung von Lebensmittelverlusten und -verschwendung auf nachhaltige Lebensmittelsysteme","authors":"Stephan Hubertus Gay, Edith Laget, Marcel Adenäuer","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to the FAO report on food losses and waste, based on 2007 data (FAO, <span>2011</span>), ‘Roughly one-third of the edible parts of food produced for human consumption, gets lost or wasted globally’. As part of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 is a global commitment to ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns. This calls for a halving of per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels as well as reducing food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses by 2030.</p><p>In monitoring SDG 12, estimates of food loss and food waste are improving. The FAO estimates that globally around 13 per cent of food produced is lost after harvesting and before reaching retail markets (FAO, <span>2019</span>); while UNEP finds that 19 per cent of total global food production is wasted in households, the food services and retail (UNEP, <span>2024</span>).</p><p>In developing its capacity to track impacts beyond market outcomes, and gauge the effects of market developments on food systems, the <i>OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook</i> 2024–2033 (hereafter the <i>Outlook</i>) has developed enhanced estimates for food intake and integrated food loss and waste into its global balances. The left panel (a) of Figure 1 shows the shares of food loss and waste by <i>weight</i>. Vegetables and fruits are the main contributors to the overall loss and waste. In terms of food security and nutrition, food loss and waste shares can be converted to <i>calories</i> (right panel (b) of Figure 1) to reflect the amount of energy in different commodities. Cereals, pulses, roots and tubers, the primary source of calories in most of the world's poorest populations, account for almost two-thirds of the lost and wasted calories, with cereals alone contributing over half (53 per cent). By 2033 under the assumption of constant food loss and waste shares, the <i>Outlook</i> projects that close to 700 million tonnes of food will be lost between harvest/slaughter/catch and retail, while a further 1,140 million tonnes will be wasted at retail and household levels.</p><p>Based on these two assumptions, the scenario projects that global direct GHG emissions from agriculture would fall by 4 per cent, a reduction distributed relatively evenly across countries regardless of income levels. It would also result in increasing the average per capita calorie intake in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (Figure 2), potentially reducing the number of people facing hunger worldwide in 2030 by 153 million (a 26 per cent reduction).</p><p>While the scenario illustrates potential benefits for consumers and the environment, there are challenges for producers as decreased production and lower producer prices would significantly impact their livelihoods: the impacts on consumers and producers are sensitive to the assumptions.</p><p>The scenario shows the benefits of reaching th","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"36-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Barriers to Reducing Nitrogen Pollution in Dutch Dairy Farms\u0000 Obstacles financiers à la réduction de la pollution par l'azote dans les exploitations laitières néerlandaises\u0000 Finanzielle Hürden für die Verringerung der Stickstoffüberschüsse in niederländischen Milchviehbetrieben","authors":"Melina Lamkowsky,&nbsp;Frederic Ang,&nbsp;Miranda P.M. Meuwissen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen fertiliser boosts agricultural yields, but its excessive use destabilises ecosystems. That is why Dutch policy makers want to reduce nitrogen pollution on dairy farms. Cleaner technologies and structural changes could reduce farm emissions. We benchmarked farms, organised an expert consultation, and reviewed the literature to determine the degree to which the lack of available internal and external finance is a barrier to reducing nitrogen pollution. Although the average dairy farm in our sample can finance these investments, a significant share of farmers cannot. We find that investments vastly drain the currently accessible finances available to dairy farmers. Subsidies to reduce the price of investments and measures to increase farm net cash flows could mitigate this problem, while equity funds or preferential interest rate systems would be ineffective. Farm management is not bound by access to finance. Our findings suggest that improved management could vastly reduce the accumulation of nitrogen surplus on farms. Interestingly, we estimate that this can be achieved while increasing profits. The wide-scale adoption of best practices can be facilitated by establishing and financing advisory services and peer learning programmes to spread knowledge and awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer Protests in Europe 2023–2024\u0000 Manifestations d'agriculteurs en Europe 2023–2024\u0000 Die Bauernproteste in Europa in den Jahren 2023–2024","authors":"Robert Finger,&nbsp;Anna Fabry,&nbsp;Marie Kammer,&nbsp;Jeroen Candel,&nbsp;Tobias Dalhaus,&nbsp;Eva Marie Meemken","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2023–2024, farmer protests swept across Europe, with tractors blocking roads and supermarkets, drawing significant media attention. Unlike previous protests, these events spread continent-wide, suggesting a contagion effect. This paper documents the surge in farmer protests, explores their triggers and underlying causes, and emphasizes the need for a just transition to sustainable food systems. The protests were sparked by proposed policy changes, tighter environmental regulations, perceived pressures on farm incomes and increased trade competition. However, the root causes varied by country. Swift policy responses at both national and EU levels included retracting controversial measures like the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation, but these actions also hindered key initiatives for transitioning to more sustainable agri-food systems. Moving forward, a comprehensive public debate on the future of Europe's agri-food systems is crucial, focusing on balancing environmental sustainability with the economic viability of agriculture. A major political challenge will be moving beyond simplistic dichotomies to develop a vision for a food system that fosters synergies between farmer interests as well as environmental and social objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMR as a Global and One Health Issue: the Challenge to Adapt a Global Strategy in Two Low- and Middle-income Countries, Mozambique and Vietnam\u0000 La résistance aux antimicrobiens comme problème de santé globale et de santé unique : le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale dans deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, le Mozambique et le Vietnam\u0000 AMR als globales und One-Health-Problem: die Herausforderung, eine globale Strategie in zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen – Mosambik und Vietnam – umzusetzen","authors":"Muriel Figuié,&nbsp;Chloé Batie,&nbsp;Cristiano Macuamule,&nbsp;Carlos Cuinhane,&nbsp;Flavie Goutard","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12438","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est présentée par les organisations internationales comme une menace globale nécessitant une approche ‘&lt;i&gt;One Health&lt;/i&gt;’ (santé unique). Cela soulève le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale aux contextes nationaux et aux politiques sectorielles. Dans le secteur agricole, un autre défi consiste à éviter la stigmatisation des comportements des agriculteurs et à accorder davantage d'attention aux autres parties prenantes et aux facteurs systémiques de l'utilisation des antibiotiques. Nous examinons le cas de deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire: le Mozambique et le Vietnam, caractérisés par des différences de niveaux de consommation d'antibiotiques vétérinaires (respectivement inférieurs et supérieurs à la moyenne mondiale), d'accessibilité à des alternatives aux antibiotiques vétérinaires (inexistantes au Mozambique) et aux médicaments et services vétérinaires (accès très inégaux au Mozambique), et d'opportunités pour valoriser des produits de qualité supérieure sur les marchés intérieurs (émergentes au Vietnam). Les différences entre ces deux pays remettent en question les stratégies uniformes actuelles. Nous recommandons dintégrer davantage les stratégies de gestion du risque de RAM dans les politiques agricoles sectorielles et aux contextes nationaux spécifiques (par exemple en tenant compte du fonctionnement des marchés des médicaments et des filières de de production animale; en incluant les problèmes de résistance à d'autres médicaments vétérinaires, tels que les trypanocides). Il s'agit de remédier aux contradictions observées avec les politiques agricoles nationales de ces pays lesquelles, pour faire face à la consommation croissante de produits animaux, encouragent le développement de systèmes d'élevage techniquement et économiquement dépendants de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antibiotikaresistenzen (AMR) werden von internationalen Organisationen als eine globale Gefahr angesehen, für die es einen One Health (OH) Ansatz braucht. Das erfordert die Anpassung einer globalen Strategie an nationale Kontexte und sektorale Politiken. Im Agrarsektor besteht eine weitere Herausforderung darin, das Verhaltens der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte nicht zu stigmatisieren. Stattdessen sollte die Aufmerksamkeit auf andere Beteiligte und systemische Triebkräfte für den Einsatz von Antibiotika (AB) gelenkt werden. Wir untersuchen den Fall von zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen (LMICs): Mosambik und Vietnam. Sie unterscheiden sich (1) bezüglich ihres Verbrauchs von Tierarzneimitteln (niedriger bzw. höher als der weltweite Durchschnitt), (2) bezüglich ihres Zugangs zu AB-Alternativen (in Mosambik nicht vorhanden) sowie (3) bezüglich Tierarzneimittel und -dienstleistungen (in Mosambik sehr ungleich) und (4) bezüglich der Möglichkeiten, Produkte mit höherem Standard auf den heimischen Märkten zu vermarkten (in Vietnam). Die Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden LMICs stellen eine Herausforderu","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Specific Targets for the Member States to Achieve the European Union's Goal of 50 per cent Reduction in Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobials by 2030\u0000 Identifier des objectifs spécifiques pour les États membres afin d'atteindre l'objectif de l'Union européenne de réduction de 50 pour cent des ventes d'antimicrobiens vétérinaires d'ici 2030\u0000 Identifizierung spezifischer Vorgaben für die Mitgliedstaaten zur Erreichung des Ziels der Europäischen Union, den Verkauf von antimikrobiellen Tierarzneimitteln bis zum Jahr 2030 um 50 Prozent zu reduzieren","authors":"Caetano Luiz Beber,&nbsp;Maurizio Aragrande,&nbsp;Massimo Canali","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article proposes a tailored approach to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock among EU countries, in alignment with the EU Farm-to-Fork initiative that targets a 50 per cent reduction by 2030. We argue against a one-size-fits-all target and introduce country-specific targets based on individual factors such as current antimicrobial sales, GDP, and livestock and human densities. Using data from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), the article identifies countries with high densities of animals and humans, as well as high levels of AMU per livestock unit, such as Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Poland, as needing to prioritise greater reduction efforts. The article also underlines the need for a more precise EU-level indicator of AMU, as sales do not directly represent use. It suggests that specific targets and regulations should apply to antimicrobials classified as ‘Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials’ by the WHO. The article recommends extending these targets to different sectors and even individual farms, with high-consumption sectors and poorly performing farms making greater efforts. By considering these factors, the article aims to provide a fair and effective approach to reducing AMU, mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance, and contribute to achieving the Farm-to-Fork strategy AMU reduction target.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Contexts and Desired Impacts Shape Interventions towards Improved Antimicrobial Use in Animal Production\u0000 Comment les contextes et les impacts souhaités façonnent les interventions vers une meilleure utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale\u0000 Wie Kontext und gewünschte Auswirkungen Interventionen zur Verbesserung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierproduktion formen","authors":"Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Stefaan Ribbens,&nbsp;Catherine Belloc,&nbsp;Massimo Canali,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted,&nbsp;Merete Studnitz","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the interventions (sets of actions) towards improved antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. These were designed in Living Labs (LLs) organised in five countries of the ROADMAP project, with <i>ex ante</i> impact assessment (EAIA) to guide the process. LL participants designed very different types of interventions which targeted systematically farmers and veterinarians but less frequently other stakeholders, despite the ROADMAP ambition to involve the whole value chain in AMU transition scenarios. A variety of factors influenced which interventions were designed, such as the country's AMU levels, existence of AMU monitoring systems, the possibility for veterinarians to profit from antimicrobials sales, export-orientation of the animal production sector and political momentum. Other influential factors included the breadth of desired impacts that the LL participants wished to produce through the interventions they designed (limited to animal health aspects or encompassing other subjects such as animal welfare, consumer information or veterinary business models) and the LL process (choice of participants and facilitators). Overall, the approach succeeded in providing a holistic vision of the possible measures and the obstacles towards improved AMU and produced context-tailored interventions with high acceptability. However, they had limited results in terms of system rethinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Veterinary Profession and the Challenges of Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Livestock Farming. Lessons from a Mixed-Methods Study\u0000 La profession vétérinaire européenne et les enjeux de la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l'élevage. Leçons d'une étude à méthodes mixtes\u0000 Die europäische Tierärzteschaft und die Herausforderungen bei der Verringerung des AMU in der Tierhaltung. Lehren aus einer Studie mit gemischten Methoden","authors":"Joséphine Eberhart,&nbsp;Clémentine Comer,&nbsp;Sebastian Moya Duran,&nbsp;Mathilde Paul,&nbsp;Nicolas Fortané","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine is nowadays largely associated with the development of preventive approaches in animal health. This article aims to understand the transformation of veterinarians’ practices, knowledge and working conditions in relation to the promotion of the prudent use of antimicrobials. It analyses the organisational and structural factors that currently favour the development of preventive approaches. The research draws from both a qualitative study and a quantitative survey. The qualitative study sought to understand the views and experiences of veterinarians in different countries. It highlights the difficulties encountered by veterinarians in implementing preventive approaches and promoting prudent AMU. The quantitative survey aimed to understand the variability of veterinarians' attitudes towards AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It identifies several clusters within the profession, which are distributed differently according to countries, sectors and working conditions, and within which each veterinarian develops different ways of thinking and acting in relation to AMR. We conclude by emphasising the major structural factors that we believe need to be supported to maintain the ongoing transition towards prudent AMU and preventive approaches in animal health. We also suggest different ways of engaging the profession according to the different contexts identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Think about Agri-food Transitions Towards a ‘Prudent’ Use of Antibiotics?\u0000 Comment penser les transitions agro-alimentaires vers un usage ‘prudent’ des antibiotiques ?\u0000 Wie ist der Übergang in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft hin zu einem „umsichtigen“ Einsatz von Antibiotika zu denken?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory vs. Voluntary? How to Conceive and Implement the ‘Right’ Measures to Fight AMR\u0000 Obligatoires ou volontaires ? Comment concevoir et mettre en œuvre les ‘bonnes’ mesures pour lutter contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens\u0000 Verpflichtend oder freiwillig? Wie lassen sich die ‚richtigen‘ Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der AMR konzipieren und umsetzen?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>La lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) s'appuie généralement sur un large ensemble de mesures, telles que l'interdiction ou la restriction de l'utilisation de certaines molécules, la promotion d'approches préventives en santé animale, le contrôle de l'usage et de la prescription des antibiotiques, la formation des éleveurs et des vétérinaires ou encore le développement de démarches qualité et de labels. Ces mesures peuvent être obligatoires (c'est-à-dire des réglementations) ou volontaires (c'est-à-dire des normes privées, des lignes directrices professionnelles, etc.), selon le style d'action publique adopté dans chaque pays: imposer le même cadre d'action pour tout le monde ou tenter de stimuler les initiatives des parties prenantes. Il est cependant difficile de dire qu'une option est meilleure qu'une autre car la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage a été obtenue dans différents pays européens en utilisant différentes options. Fondé sur une réflexion croisée de trois études de cas du projet ROADMAP, ce <i>Point de Vue</i> soutient qu'une politique de RAM efficace et légitime doit adopter une combinaison de mesures volontaires et obligatoires soigneusement réfléchies et adaptées aux contextes et dynamiques locaux.</p><p>Die Bekämpfung antimikrobieller Resistenzen (AMR) umfasst in der Regel eine Reihe an Maßnahmen, wie das Verbot oder die Einschränkung der Verwendung bestimmter Moleküle, die Förderung präventiver Ansätze im Bereich der Tiergesundheit, das Monitoring des Antibiotikaeinsatzes und -verschreibungen, die Schulung von Landwirten/−innen und Tierärzten/−innen sowie die Entwicklung von Qualitätssystemen und -kennzeichnungen. Diese Maßnahmen können verpflichtend (d. h. Vorschriften) oder freiwillig (d. h. private Standards, Berufsrichtlinien etc.) sein, je nachdem, welcher Politikstil in den einzelnen Ländern verfolgt wird: die Auferlegung eines gleichen Handlungsrahmens für alle oder der Versuch, die Initiativen der Interessengruppen zu fördern. Es ist jedoch schwierig zu sagen, dass eine Option besser als eine andere ist, da ein Rückgang im Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierhaltung in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern mittels unterschiedlicher Optionen erreicht wurde. Anhand einer Querschnittsbetrachtung dreier ROADMAP-Fallstudien wird in diesem <i>Point de Vu</i>e argumentiert, dass eine effiziente und legitime AMR-Politik eine Kombination aus freiwilligen und verpflichtenden Maßnahmen erfordert, die sorgfältig durchdacht und an die lokalen Gegebenheiten und Dynamiken angepasst ist.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}