EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"AMR as a Global and One Health Issue: the Challenge to Adapt a Global Strategy in Two Low- and Middle-income Countries, Mozambique and Vietnam\u0000 La résistance aux antimicrobiens comme problème de santé globale et de santé unique : le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale dans deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, le Mozambique et le Vietnam\u0000 AMR als globales und One-Health-Problem: die Herausforderung, eine globale Strategie in zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen – Mosambik und Vietnam – umzusetzen","authors":"Muriel Figuié, Chloé Batie, Cristiano Macuamule, Carlos Cuinhane, Flavie Goutard","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12438","url":null,"abstract":"<p>La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est présentée par les organisations internationales comme une menace globale nécessitant une approche ‘<i>One Health</i>’ (santé unique). Cela soulève le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale aux contextes nationaux et aux politiques sectorielles. Dans le secteur agricole, un autre défi consiste à éviter la stigmatisation des comportements des agriculteurs et à accorder davantage d'attention aux autres parties prenantes et aux facteurs systémiques de l'utilisation des antibiotiques. Nous examinons le cas de deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire: le Mozambique et le Vietnam, caractérisés par des différences de niveaux de consommation d'antibiotiques vétérinaires (respectivement inférieurs et supérieurs à la moyenne mondiale), d'accessibilité à des alternatives aux antibiotiques vétérinaires (inexistantes au Mozambique) et aux médicaments et services vétérinaires (accès très inégaux au Mozambique), et d'opportunités pour valoriser des produits de qualité supérieure sur les marchés intérieurs (émergentes au Vietnam). Les différences entre ces deux pays remettent en question les stratégies uniformes actuelles. Nous recommandons dintégrer davantage les stratégies de gestion du risque de RAM dans les politiques agricoles sectorielles et aux contextes nationaux spécifiques (par exemple en tenant compte du fonctionnement des marchés des médicaments et des filières de de production animale; en incluant les problèmes de résistance à d'autres médicaments vétérinaires, tels que les trypanocides). Il s'agit de remédier aux contradictions observées avec les politiques agricoles nationales de ces pays lesquelles, pour faire face à la consommation croissante de produits animaux, encouragent le développement de systèmes d'élevage techniquement et économiquement dépendants de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques.</p><p>Antibiotikaresistenzen (AMR) werden von internationalen Organisationen als eine globale Gefahr angesehen, für die es einen One Health (OH) Ansatz braucht. Das erfordert die Anpassung einer globalen Strategie an nationale Kontexte und sektorale Politiken. Im Agrarsektor besteht eine weitere Herausforderung darin, das Verhaltens der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte nicht zu stigmatisieren. Stattdessen sollte die Aufmerksamkeit auf andere Beteiligte und systemische Triebkräfte für den Einsatz von Antibiotika (AB) gelenkt werden. Wir untersuchen den Fall von zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen (LMICs): Mosambik und Vietnam. Sie unterscheiden sich (1) bezüglich ihres Verbrauchs von Tierarzneimitteln (niedriger bzw. höher als der weltweite Durchschnitt), (2) bezüglich ihres Zugangs zu AB-Alternativen (in Mosambik nicht vorhanden) sowie (3) bezüglich Tierarzneimittel und -dienstleistungen (in Mosambik sehr ungleich) und (4) bezüglich der Möglichkeiten, Produkte mit höherem Standard auf den heimischen Märkten zu vermarkten (in Vietnam). Die Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden LMICs stellen eine Herausforderu","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Specific Targets for the Member States to Achieve the European Union's Goal of 50 per cent Reduction in Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobials by 2030\u0000 Identifier des objectifs spécifiques pour les États membres afin d'atteindre l'objectif de l'Union européenne de réduction de 50 pour cent des ventes d'antimicrobiens vétérinaires d'ici 2030\u0000 Identifizierung spezifischer Vorgaben für die Mitgliedstaaten zur Erreichung des Ziels der Europäischen Union, den Verkauf von antimikrobiellen Tierarzneimitteln bis zum Jahr 2030 um 50 Prozent zu reduzieren","authors":"Caetano Luiz Beber,&nbsp;Maurizio Aragrande,&nbsp;Massimo Canali","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article proposes a tailored approach to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock among EU countries, in alignment with the EU Farm-to-Fork initiative that targets a 50 per cent reduction by 2030. We argue against a one-size-fits-all target and introduce country-specific targets based on individual factors such as current antimicrobial sales, GDP, and livestock and human densities. Using data from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), the article identifies countries with high densities of animals and humans, as well as high levels of AMU per livestock unit, such as Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Poland, as needing to prioritise greater reduction efforts. The article also underlines the need for a more precise EU-level indicator of AMU, as sales do not directly represent use. It suggests that specific targets and regulations should apply to antimicrobials classified as ‘Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials’ by the WHO. The article recommends extending these targets to different sectors and even individual farms, with high-consumption sectors and poorly performing farms making greater efforts. By considering these factors, the article aims to provide a fair and effective approach to reducing AMU, mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance, and contribute to achieving the Farm-to-Fork strategy AMU reduction target.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Veterinary Profession and the Challenges of Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Livestock Farming. Lessons from a Mixed-Methods Study\u0000 La profession vétérinaire européenne et les enjeux de la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l'élevage. Leçons d'une étude à méthodes mixtes\u0000 Die europäische Tierärzteschaft und die Herausforderungen bei der Verringerung des AMU in der Tierhaltung. Lehren aus einer Studie mit gemischten Methoden","authors":"Joséphine Eberhart,&nbsp;Clémentine Comer,&nbsp;Sebastian Moya Duran,&nbsp;Mathilde Paul,&nbsp;Nicolas Fortané","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine is nowadays largely associated with the development of preventive approaches in animal health. This article aims to understand the transformation of veterinarians’ practices, knowledge and working conditions in relation to the promotion of the prudent use of antimicrobials. It analyses the organisational and structural factors that currently favour the development of preventive approaches. The research draws from both a qualitative study and a quantitative survey. The qualitative study sought to understand the views and experiences of veterinarians in different countries. It highlights the difficulties encountered by veterinarians in implementing preventive approaches and promoting prudent AMU. The quantitative survey aimed to understand the variability of veterinarians' attitudes towards AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It identifies several clusters within the profession, which are distributed differently according to countries, sectors and working conditions, and within which each veterinarian develops different ways of thinking and acting in relation to AMR. We conclude by emphasising the major structural factors that we believe need to be supported to maintain the ongoing transition towards prudent AMU and preventive approaches in animal health. We also suggest different ways of engaging the profession according to the different contexts identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Contexts and Desired Impacts Shape Interventions towards Improved Antimicrobial Use in Animal Production\u0000 Comment les contextes et les impacts souhaités façonnent les interventions vers une meilleure utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale\u0000 Wie Kontext und gewünschte Auswirkungen Interventionen zur Verbesserung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierproduktion formen","authors":"Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Stefaan Ribbens,&nbsp;Catherine Belloc,&nbsp;Massimo Canali,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted,&nbsp;Merete Studnitz","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the interventions (sets of actions) towards improved antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. These were designed in Living Labs (LLs) organised in five countries of the ROADMAP project, with <i>ex ante</i> impact assessment (EAIA) to guide the process. LL participants designed very different types of interventions which targeted systematically farmers and veterinarians but less frequently other stakeholders, despite the ROADMAP ambition to involve the whole value chain in AMU transition scenarios. A variety of factors influenced which interventions were designed, such as the country's AMU levels, existence of AMU monitoring systems, the possibility for veterinarians to profit from antimicrobials sales, export-orientation of the animal production sector and political momentum. Other influential factors included the breadth of desired impacts that the LL participants wished to produce through the interventions they designed (limited to animal health aspects or encompassing other subjects such as animal welfare, consumer information or veterinary business models) and the LL process (choice of participants and facilitators). Overall, the approach succeeded in providing a holistic vision of the possible measures and the obstacles towards improved AMU and produced context-tailored interventions with high acceptability. However, they had limited results in terms of system rethinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Think about Agri-food Transitions Towards a ‘Prudent’ Use of Antibiotics?\u0000 Comment penser les transitions agro-alimentaires vers un usage ‘prudent’ des antibiotiques ?\u0000 Wie ist der Übergang in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft hin zu einem „umsichtigen“ Einsatz von Antibiotika zu denken?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory vs. Voluntary? How to Conceive and Implement the ‘Right’ Measures to Fight AMR\u0000 Obligatoires ou volontaires ? Comment concevoir et mettre en œuvre les ‘bonnes’ mesures pour lutter contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens\u0000 Verpflichtend oder freiwillig? Wie lassen sich die ‚richtigen‘ Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der AMR konzipieren und umsetzen?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>La lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) s'appuie généralement sur un large ensemble de mesures, telles que l'interdiction ou la restriction de l'utilisation de certaines molécules, la promotion d'approches préventives en santé animale, le contrôle de l'usage et de la prescription des antibiotiques, la formation des éleveurs et des vétérinaires ou encore le développement de démarches qualité et de labels. Ces mesures peuvent être obligatoires (c'est-à-dire des réglementations) ou volontaires (c'est-à-dire des normes privées, des lignes directrices professionnelles, etc.), selon le style d'action publique adopté dans chaque pays: imposer le même cadre d'action pour tout le monde ou tenter de stimuler les initiatives des parties prenantes. Il est cependant difficile de dire qu'une option est meilleure qu'une autre car la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage a été obtenue dans différents pays européens en utilisant différentes options. Fondé sur une réflexion croisée de trois études de cas du projet ROADMAP, ce <i>Point de Vue</i> soutient qu'une politique de RAM efficace et légitime doit adopter une combinaison de mesures volontaires et obligatoires soigneusement réfléchies et adaptées aux contextes et dynamiques locaux.</p><p>Die Bekämpfung antimikrobieller Resistenzen (AMR) umfasst in der Regel eine Reihe an Maßnahmen, wie das Verbot oder die Einschränkung der Verwendung bestimmter Moleküle, die Förderung präventiver Ansätze im Bereich der Tiergesundheit, das Monitoring des Antibiotikaeinsatzes und -verschreibungen, die Schulung von Landwirten/−innen und Tierärzten/−innen sowie die Entwicklung von Qualitätssystemen und -kennzeichnungen. Diese Maßnahmen können verpflichtend (d. h. Vorschriften) oder freiwillig (d. h. private Standards, Berufsrichtlinien etc.) sein, je nachdem, welcher Politikstil in den einzelnen Ländern verfolgt wird: die Auferlegung eines gleichen Handlungsrahmens für alle oder der Versuch, die Initiativen der Interessengruppen zu fördern. Es ist jedoch schwierig zu sagen, dass eine Option besser als eine andere ist, da ein Rückgang im Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierhaltung in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern mittels unterschiedlicher Optionen erreicht wurde. Anhand einer Querschnittsbetrachtung dreier ROADMAP-Fallstudien wird in diesem <i>Point de Vu</i>e argumentiert, dass eine effiziente und legitime AMR-Politik eine Kombination aus freiwilligen und verpflichtenden Maßnahmen erfordert, die sorgfältig durchdacht und an die lokalen Gegebenheiten und Dynamiken angepasst ist.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Potential of Living Labs in European Research Projects on Agriculture. The Case of Promoting Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Livestock\u0000 Exploiter le potentiel des Laboratoires vivants dans les projets de recherche européens sur l'agriculture. Le cas de la promotion d'une utilisation prudente des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage\u0000 Das Potenzial von Reallaboren in europäischen Forschungsprojekten im Bereich der Landwirtschaft nutzen: Der Fall der Förderung eines umsichtigen Einsatzes von antimikrobiellen Mitteln in der Tierhaltung","authors":"Bernadette Oehen,&nbsp;Annick Spaans,&nbsp;Florence Bonnet-Beaugrand,&nbsp;Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted,&nbsp;Mette Vaarst","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12450","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The urgency to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the livestock sector has become part of the European Farm-to-Fork agenda. To develop innovations and pave the way for prudent antimicrobial use (AMU), the H2020 four-year-long ROADMAP project implemented the approach of Living Labs (LL). It stands for a process that involves a heterogeneous group of stakeholders in co-creation, testing and evaluating innovations in real-world contexts. The use of LLs has gained momentum to accelerate transformation of European agriculture by developing innovations through end-user (farmer) involvement. However, the LL-approach is new in the livestock sector. During the project, 11 LLs were established in seven European countries, each with its own settings but linked to the project's overarching goals. Some LLs developed a common understanding of AMU within the sector or between farmers and veterinarians, while others focussed on policy development or better management practices. During the ROADMAP project, we learned about the potential and limitations of the LL approach in the livestock sector. Using the approach of social innovations, we developed recommendations on how to realise the potential of LLs in a research context to meet the goals of the EU Farm-to-Fork strategy of prudent AMU.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Economic Assessments to Support Changes in Livestock Farming Practices: A Focus on Antimicrobial Use\u0000 L'importance des évaluations économiques pour soutenir les changements dans les pratiques d’élevage : un focus sur l'utilisation des antimicrobiens\u0000 Die Bedeutung wirtschaftlicher Untersuchungen zur Unterstützung von Veränderungen in der Tierhaltung: Ein Fokus auf die Verwendung antimikrobieller Mittel","authors":"João Sucena Afonso,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intensification of livestock farming reshaped the epidemiological, economic and environmental landscape of production systems. With the resulting increase in disease pressure, farmers turned to readily available and cost-efficient tools to help manage animal health and even increase productivity – antimicrobials. Growing concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have prompted regulatory and private initiatives to curtail antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock. The latter indicates that farmers/livestock industry are taking some ownership of the problem and playing a key role in the solution. In fact, recent research has found that farmers are willing to adjust farming practices if this does not affect financial viability of their businesses. However, our scoping literature review found that information is lacking or insufficient for farmers to make these decisions. It is also vital to understand the extent to which farm-level decisions are producing negative externalities, and what needs to be changed to ensure societal optimum. While advocating for a sustainable reduction in AMU in livestock production, it is important to provide adequate information on the alternatives to their application in managing animal health and welfare. Evidence on the economic, productive and/or epidemiological benefits of such alternatives, when compared to the current situation, are crucial if farmers are to change their production practices with regards to AMU.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition Issue: What Do We Change (or Not) When We Change Antimicrobial Use?\u0000 La question de la transition : que changeons-nous (ou pas) lorsque nous modifions l'utilisation des antimicrobiens ?\u0000 Die Umstellungsthematik: Was ändern wir (oder eben nicht), wenn wir den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel verändern?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan,&nbsp;Christian Ducrot","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Les diverses politiques et initiatives visant à réduire l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale en Europe au cours des dix dernières années ont été couronnées de succès. Dans de nombreux pays, les objectifs de réduction ont été atteints (une réduction des ventes d'antimicrobiens comprise entre 30 et 50 %). Mais lorsqu'il s'agit d'objectifs à plus grande échelle ou à plus long terme, notamment ceux visant à passer à une agriculture plus durable ou plus résiliente, le tableau est beaucoup moins clair. Le succès de la lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) ne doit pas masquer le fait qu’à ce jour, peu de progrès ont été réalisés sur les questions de transition. Les formes intensives et industrielles de production animale sont maintenues et parfois renforcées par les stratégies développées pour réduire l'utilisation des antimicrobiens. La réduction et le remplacement des antimicrobiens ont constitué une étape importante, mais la réflexion n'a pas été liée à la remise en cause du système de production, comme le suggéraient en premier lieu les politiques européennes. Il est désormais essentiel de lier les efforts actuels à des changements de grande envergure et à des innovations de rupture. La RAM est un problème parmi tant d'autres. Tous doivent être abordés globalement grâce à une transition vers des formes d'agriculture moins intensives, moins industrielles et plus soucieuses de leur impact sur la santé, l'environnement et la société.</p><p>Die verschiedenen politischen Maßnahmen und Initiativen der letzten zehn Jahre zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der europäischen Tierhaltung waren erfolgreich. In vielen Ländern wurden die Reduktionsziele erreicht (Rückgang der Verkäufe antimikrobieller Mittel um 30-50 %). Geht es jedoch um größere oder längerfristige Ziele, nämlich die Umstellung auf eine nachhaltigere oder widerstandsfähigere Landwirtschaft, ist die Situation weit weniger eindeutig. Der Erfolg im Kampf gegen antimikrobielle Resistenzen (AMR) darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass bei der Umstellungsthematik bisher kaum Fortschritte erzielt wurden. Intensive und industrielle Formen der Tierhaltung werden durch die Strategien, die zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel entwickelt wurden, aufrechterhalten und manchmal sogar verstärkt. Die Reduzierung und Substitution antimikrobieller Mittel waren ein wichtiger Schritt, aber diese Überlegungen wurden nicht mit dem Überdenken des Produktionssystems verknüpft, wie es die europäische Politik ursprünglich vorgeschlagen hatte. Es ist jetzt entscheidend, die derzeitigen Bestrebungen mit weitreichenden Veränderungen und bahnbrechenden Innovationen zu verbinden. AMR ist ein Problem von vielen anderen. Sie müssen weltweit angegangen werden, und zwar durch die Umstellung zu einer weniger intensiven, weniger industriellen und stärker auf ihre Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit, Umwelt und Gesellschaft bedachten Landwirtschaft.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Triggers Change in Antimicrobial Use?\u0000 Qu'est-ce qui déclenche un changement dans l'utilisation des antimicrobiens ?\u0000 Was löst die Veränderungen beim Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel aus?","authors":"Gareth Enticott,&nbsp;Hedvig Gröndal,&nbsp;Anne Hémonic,&nbsp;Kieran O'Mahony,&nbsp;Christine Roguet,&nbsp;Natalie Rousset,&nbsp;Orla Shortall,&nbsp;Lee-Ann Sutherland","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article considers how different ‘triggers' contribute to changes in the use of antimicrobials. Drawing on the Triggering Change model, the article suggests that the use of antimicrobials is path dependent: economically, socially and culturally invested in maintaining a steady trajectory, with incremental changes. Triggering events – such as farm succession, financial crisis, or disease outbreak – are required to break these dependencies and stimulate transitions to new farming trajectories. The article investigates which triggering events are significant in the context of responsible antimicrobial usage, in three European countries, spanning the beef, dairy, poultry and pig sectors. Results demonstrated that major reductions in antimicrobial use are often part of larger transition processes. Triggers led to major changes on farm which included reduction in antimicrobial use amongst other changes. When antimicrobial change occurred in isolation, it was typically in response to legislation, and progressed incrementally over time. To achieve major changes in antimicrobial use thus requires policies which work with trigger events such as supporting training of successors, and enabling farmers who have experienced major disease outbreaks to ‘build back better’. Working to shape what farmers understand as ‘good farming’ through education, regulations and benchmarking, are also important options.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}