EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Why the Administrative Burden of Cross Compliance Matters\u0000 Pourquoi la charge administrative de la conditionnalité est-elle importante\u0000 Warum der Verwaltungsaufwand für die Cross-Compliance-Regelung wichtig ist","authors":"Nadja El Benni,&nbsp;Christian Ritzel,&nbsp;Gabriele Mack","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The administrative burden imposed by the direct payment system is a major concern highlighted in recent farmers’ protests. Based on a survey of 808 Swiss farmers, we analyse farmers’ perceptions of the administrative burden associated with the direct payment system and how this affects the costs and farmers’ views and reactions to the policy. Our results show that the perceived administrative burden varies among farmers and is not strongly related to the actual time spent on forms. Well-trained and informed farmers find administrative tasks less burdensome. The bureaucracy involved in agricultural policy matters not only because it increases farmers’ perceived administrative burden but also because it leads to dissatisfaction with the government. Overall, we estimate the private administrative costs of cross-compliance obligations for Switzerland to be about 5 per cent of the annual Swiss budget for direct payments. To reduce farmers’ perceived administrative burden, policymakers should prioritise reducing compliance costs, which will also reduce psychological costs. Digitalisation can help achieve this outcome, but its success depends on farmers’ knowledge of information and communication technologies. Knowledge, administrative efficiency and perceived legitimacy are crucial for reducing non-compliance with direct payment regulations. Addressing these factors will help improve the effectiveness of agricultural policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"24 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing Your Own Food and Dietary Quality: Results from a Survey\u0000 Culture d'aliments pour sa consommation propre et qualité du régime alimentaire : résultats d'une enquête\u0000 Eigener Anbau von Lebensmitteln und Qualität der Ernährung: Ergebnisse einer Umfrage","authors":"Larissa Drescher,&nbsp;Carola Grebitus","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12455","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Les jardins communautaires et privés offrent aux citoyens la possibilité de cultiver des aliments pour leur propre consommation. Cultiver sa propre nourriture présente de nombreux avantages pour la santé personnelle, communautaire et environnementale. Notre étude vérifie si l'hypothèse courante selon laquelle l'amélioration de l'accès à l'alimentation et à la nutrition grâce à la culture de sa propre nourriture est en fait liée à une meilleure alimentation. Notre étude teste comment la culture d'aliments dans des jardins potagers communautaires, privés ou dans les deux endroits modifie la qualité du régime alimentaire des cultivateurs en appliquant différents indices. L'indice de diversité des aliments sains et le Berry Index sont utilisés comme approximation pour mesurer la qualité alimentaire, tandis qu'un indicateur de consommation de produits est utilisé comme mesure simple d'une alimentation saine. Nous constatons que cultiver sa propre nourriture dans les jardins potagers communautaires et privés est associé à la consommation la plus élevée de fruits et de légumes, tandis que ne pas cultiver d'aliments est associé à la consommation la plus faible de ces produits. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats montrent que la culture d'aliments est associée à des valeurs de qualité alimentaire plus élevées, ce qui pourrait indiquer que les jardins potagers privés et communautaires seraient bénéfiques pour la santé des individus. L'association négative identifiée entre l'absence de culture d'aliments et la qualité du régime alimentaire pourrait mettre en évidence la nécessité de promouvoir des programmes de culture vivrière dans les jardins communautaires, dans les jardins privés, ou même dans les deux endroits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gemeinschafts- und Privatgärten bieten die Möglichkeit eigene Lebensmittel zu erzeugen. Dabei kann der eigene Anbau von Lebensmitteln viele Vorteile für die Gesundheit haben. In unserer Studie überprüfen wir die weit verbreitete Annahme, dass der Anbau eigener Lebensmittel zu einer besseren Ernährung führt. Wir untersuchen, wie sich der Anbau von Lebensmitteln zu Hause oder in Gemeinschaftsgärten auf die persönliche Ernährungsqualität auswirkt. Zur Messung dieser werden der &lt;i&gt;Healthy Food Diversity Index&lt;/i&gt; und der &lt;i&gt;Berry-Index&lt;/i&gt; herangezogen. Des Weiteren dient uns ein Indikator für den Verzehr von Obst und Gemüse als einfaches Maß für eine gesunde Ernährung. Unsere Analysen zeigen, dass der Anbau von Lebensmitteln zu Hause und in Gemeinschaftsgärten mit dem höchsten Obst- und Gemüsekonsum verbunden ist. Werden dagegen keine Lebensmittel selber angebaut, so ist der Verzehr von Obst und Gemüse am geringsten. Insgesamt zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass der Anbau von Lebensmitteln mit höheren Werten bei der Ernährungsqualität verbunden ist. Das kann darauf hindeuten, dass Haus- und Gemeinschaftsgärten für die Gesundheit des Einzelnen von Vorteil sind. Der negative Zusammenhang zwischen dem Verzicht, eigene Lebensmittel anzubauen, und der Er","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"24 1","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Barriers to Reducing Nitrogen Pollution in Dutch Dairy Farms\u0000 Obstacles financiers à la réduction de la pollution par l'azote dans les exploitations laitières néerlandaises\u0000 Finanzielle Hürden für die Verringerung der Stickstoffüberschüsse in niederländischen Milchviehbetrieben","authors":"Melina Lamkowsky,&nbsp;Frederic Ang,&nbsp;Miranda P.M. Meuwissen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen fertiliser boosts agricultural yields, but its excessive use destabilises ecosystems. That is why Dutch policy makers want to reduce nitrogen pollution on dairy farms. Cleaner technologies and structural changes could reduce farm emissions. We benchmarked farms, organised an expert consultation, and reviewed the literature to determine the degree to which the lack of available internal and external finance is a barrier to reducing nitrogen pollution. Although the average dairy farm in our sample can finance these investments, a significant share of farmers cannot. We find that investments vastly drain the currently accessible finances available to dairy farmers. Subsidies to reduce the price of investments and measures to increase farm net cash flows could mitigate this problem, while equity funds or preferential interest rate systems would be ineffective. Farm management is not bound by access to finance. Our findings suggest that improved management could vastly reduce the accumulation of nitrogen surplus on farms. Interestingly, we estimate that this can be achieved while increasing profits. The wide-scale adoption of best practices can be facilitated by establishing and financing advisory services and peer learning programmes to spread knowledge and awareness.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer Protests in Europe 2023–2024\u0000 Manifestations d'agriculteurs en Europe 2023–2024\u0000 Die Bauernproteste in Europa in den Jahren 2023–2024","authors":"Robert Finger,&nbsp;Anna Fabry,&nbsp;Marie Kammer,&nbsp;Jeroen Candel,&nbsp;Tobias Dalhaus,&nbsp;Eva Marie Meemken","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2023–2024, farmer protests swept across Europe, with tractors blocking roads and supermarkets, drawing significant media attention. Unlike previous protests, these events spread continent-wide, suggesting a contagion effect. This paper documents the surge in farmer protests, explores their triggers and underlying causes, and emphasizes the need for a just transition to sustainable food systems. The protests were sparked by proposed policy changes, tighter environmental regulations, perceived pressures on farm incomes and increased trade competition. However, the root causes varied by country. Swift policy responses at both national and EU levels included retracting controversial measures like the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Regulation, but these actions also hindered key initiatives for transitioning to more sustainable agri-food systems. Moving forward, a comprehensive public debate on the future of Europe's agri-food systems is crucial, focusing on balancing environmental sustainability with the economic viability of agriculture. A major political challenge will be moving beyond simplistic dichotomies to develop a vision for a food system that fosters synergies between farmer interests as well as environmental and social objectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMR as a Global and One Health Issue: the Challenge to Adapt a Global Strategy in Two Low- and Middle-income Countries, Mozambique and Vietnam\u0000 La résistance aux antimicrobiens comme problème de santé globale et de santé unique : le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale dans deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, le Mozambique et le Vietnam\u0000 AMR als globales und One-Health-Problem: die Herausforderung, eine globale Strategie in zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen – Mosambik und Vietnam – umzusetzen","authors":"Muriel Figuié,&nbsp;Chloé Batie,&nbsp;Cristiano Macuamule,&nbsp;Carlos Cuinhane,&nbsp;Flavie Goutard","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12438","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;La résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) est présentée par les organisations internationales comme une menace globale nécessitant une approche ‘&lt;i&gt;One Health&lt;/i&gt;’ (santé unique). Cela soulève le défi d'adapter une stratégie mondiale aux contextes nationaux et aux politiques sectorielles. Dans le secteur agricole, un autre défi consiste à éviter la stigmatisation des comportements des agriculteurs et à accorder davantage d'attention aux autres parties prenantes et aux facteurs systémiques de l'utilisation des antibiotiques. Nous examinons le cas de deux pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire: le Mozambique et le Vietnam, caractérisés par des différences de niveaux de consommation d'antibiotiques vétérinaires (respectivement inférieurs et supérieurs à la moyenne mondiale), d'accessibilité à des alternatives aux antibiotiques vétérinaires (inexistantes au Mozambique) et aux médicaments et services vétérinaires (accès très inégaux au Mozambique), et d'opportunités pour valoriser des produits de qualité supérieure sur les marchés intérieurs (émergentes au Vietnam). Les différences entre ces deux pays remettent en question les stratégies uniformes actuelles. Nous recommandons dintégrer davantage les stratégies de gestion du risque de RAM dans les politiques agricoles sectorielles et aux contextes nationaux spécifiques (par exemple en tenant compte du fonctionnement des marchés des médicaments et des filières de de production animale; en incluant les problèmes de résistance à d'autres médicaments vétérinaires, tels que les trypanocides). Il s'agit de remédier aux contradictions observées avec les politiques agricoles nationales de ces pays lesquelles, pour faire face à la consommation croissante de produits animaux, encouragent le développement de systèmes d'élevage techniquement et économiquement dépendants de l'utilisation d'antibiotiques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antibiotikaresistenzen (AMR) werden von internationalen Organisationen als eine globale Gefahr angesehen, für die es einen One Health (OH) Ansatz braucht. Das erfordert die Anpassung einer globalen Strategie an nationale Kontexte und sektorale Politiken. Im Agrarsektor besteht eine weitere Herausforderung darin, das Verhaltens der Landwirtinnen und Landwirte nicht zu stigmatisieren. Stattdessen sollte die Aufmerksamkeit auf andere Beteiligte und systemische Triebkräfte für den Einsatz von Antibiotika (AB) gelenkt werden. Wir untersuchen den Fall von zwei Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen (LMICs): Mosambik und Vietnam. Sie unterscheiden sich (1) bezüglich ihres Verbrauchs von Tierarzneimitteln (niedriger bzw. höher als der weltweite Durchschnitt), (2) bezüglich ihres Zugangs zu AB-Alternativen (in Mosambik nicht vorhanden) sowie (3) bezüglich Tierarzneimittel und -dienstleistungen (in Mosambik sehr ungleich) und (4) bezüglich der Möglichkeiten, Produkte mit höherem Standard auf den heimischen Märkten zu vermarkten (in Vietnam). Die Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden LMICs stellen eine Herausforderu","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Specific Targets for the Member States to Achieve the European Union's Goal of 50 per cent Reduction in Sales of Veterinary Antimicrobials by 2030\u0000 Identifier des objectifs spécifiques pour les États membres afin d'atteindre l'objectif de l'Union européenne de réduction de 50 pour cent des ventes d'antimicrobiens vétérinaires d'ici 2030\u0000 Identifizierung spezifischer Vorgaben für die Mitgliedstaaten zur Erreichung des Ziels der Europäischen Union, den Verkauf von antimikrobiellen Tierarzneimitteln bis zum Jahr 2030 um 50 Prozent zu reduzieren","authors":"Caetano Luiz Beber,&nbsp;Maurizio Aragrande,&nbsp;Massimo Canali","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article proposes a tailored approach to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock among EU countries, in alignment with the EU Farm-to-Fork initiative that targets a 50 per cent reduction by 2030. We argue against a one-size-fits-all target and introduce country-specific targets based on individual factors such as current antimicrobial sales, GDP, and livestock and human densities. Using data from the European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC), the article identifies countries with high densities of animals and humans, as well as high levels of AMU per livestock unit, such as Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain and Poland, as needing to prioritise greater reduction efforts. The article also underlines the need for a more precise EU-level indicator of AMU, as sales do not directly represent use. It suggests that specific targets and regulations should apply to antimicrobials classified as ‘Highest Priority Critically Important Antimicrobials’ by the WHO. The article recommends extending these targets to different sectors and even individual farms, with high-consumption sectors and poorly performing farms making greater efforts. By considering these factors, the article aims to provide a fair and effective approach to reducing AMU, mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance, and contribute to achieving the Farm-to-Fork strategy AMU reduction target.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Contexts and Desired Impacts Shape Interventions towards Improved Antimicrobial Use in Animal Production\u0000 Comment les contextes et les impacts souhaités façonnent les interventions vers une meilleure utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale\u0000 Wie Kontext und gewünschte Auswirkungen Interventionen zur Verbesserung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierproduktion formen","authors":"Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Stefaan Ribbens,&nbsp;Catherine Belloc,&nbsp;Massimo Canali,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted,&nbsp;Merete Studnitz","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the interventions (sets of actions) towards improved antimicrobial use (AMU) in animal production. These were designed in Living Labs (LLs) organised in five countries of the ROADMAP project, with <i>ex ante</i> impact assessment (EAIA) to guide the process. LL participants designed very different types of interventions which targeted systematically farmers and veterinarians but less frequently other stakeholders, despite the ROADMAP ambition to involve the whole value chain in AMU transition scenarios. A variety of factors influenced which interventions were designed, such as the country's AMU levels, existence of AMU monitoring systems, the possibility for veterinarians to profit from antimicrobials sales, export-orientation of the animal production sector and political momentum. Other influential factors included the breadth of desired impacts that the LL participants wished to produce through the interventions they designed (limited to animal health aspects or encompassing other subjects such as animal welfare, consumer information or veterinary business models) and the LL process (choice of participants and facilitators). Overall, the approach succeeded in providing a holistic vision of the possible measures and the obstacles towards improved AMU and produced context-tailored interventions with high acceptability. However, they had limited results in terms of system rethinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Veterinary Profession and the Challenges of Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Livestock Farming. Lessons from a Mixed-Methods Study\u0000 La profession vétérinaire européenne et les enjeux de la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l'élevage. Leçons d'une étude à méthodes mixtes\u0000 Die europäische Tierärzteschaft und die Herausforderungen bei der Verringerung des AMU in der Tierhaltung. Lehren aus einer Studie mit gemischten Methoden","authors":"Joséphine Eberhart,&nbsp;Clémentine Comer,&nbsp;Sebastian Moya Duran,&nbsp;Mathilde Paul,&nbsp;Nicolas Fortané","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reduction of antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine is nowadays largely associated with the development of preventive approaches in animal health. This article aims to understand the transformation of veterinarians’ practices, knowledge and working conditions in relation to the promotion of the prudent use of antimicrobials. It analyses the organisational and structural factors that currently favour the development of preventive approaches. The research draws from both a qualitative study and a quantitative survey. The qualitative study sought to understand the views and experiences of veterinarians in different countries. It highlights the difficulties encountered by veterinarians in implementing preventive approaches and promoting prudent AMU. The quantitative survey aimed to understand the variability of veterinarians' attitudes towards AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It identifies several clusters within the profession, which are distributed differently according to countries, sectors and working conditions, and within which each veterinarian develops different ways of thinking and acting in relation to AMR. We conclude by emphasising the major structural factors that we believe need to be supported to maintain the ongoing transition towards prudent AMU and preventive approaches in animal health. We also suggest different ways of engaging the profession according to the different contexts identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Think about Agri-food Transitions Towards a ‘Prudent’ Use of Antibiotics?\u0000 Comment penser les transitions agro-alimentaires vers un usage ‘prudent’ des antibiotiques ?\u0000 Wie ist der Übergang in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft hin zu einem „umsichtigen“ Einsatz von Antibiotika zu denken?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory vs. Voluntary? How to Conceive and Implement the ‘Right’ Measures to Fight AMR\u0000 Obligatoires ou volontaires ? Comment concevoir et mettre en œuvre les ‘bonnes’ mesures pour lutter contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens\u0000 Verpflichtend oder freiwillig? Wie lassen sich die ‚richtigen‘ Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der AMR konzipieren und umsetzen?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>La lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) s'appuie généralement sur un large ensemble de mesures, telles que l'interdiction ou la restriction de l'utilisation de certaines molécules, la promotion d'approches préventives en santé animale, le contrôle de l'usage et de la prescription des antibiotiques, la formation des éleveurs et des vétérinaires ou encore le développement de démarches qualité et de labels. Ces mesures peuvent être obligatoires (c'est-à-dire des réglementations) ou volontaires (c'est-à-dire des normes privées, des lignes directrices professionnelles, etc.), selon le style d'action publique adopté dans chaque pays: imposer le même cadre d'action pour tout le monde ou tenter de stimuler les initiatives des parties prenantes. Il est cependant difficile de dire qu'une option est meilleure qu'une autre car la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage a été obtenue dans différents pays européens en utilisant différentes options. Fondé sur une réflexion croisée de trois études de cas du projet ROADMAP, ce <i>Point de Vue</i> soutient qu'une politique de RAM efficace et légitime doit adopter une combinaison de mesures volontaires et obligatoires soigneusement réfléchies et adaptées aux contextes et dynamiques locaux.</p><p>Die Bekämpfung antimikrobieller Resistenzen (AMR) umfasst in der Regel eine Reihe an Maßnahmen, wie das Verbot oder die Einschränkung der Verwendung bestimmter Moleküle, die Förderung präventiver Ansätze im Bereich der Tiergesundheit, das Monitoring des Antibiotikaeinsatzes und -verschreibungen, die Schulung von Landwirten/−innen und Tierärzten/−innen sowie die Entwicklung von Qualitätssystemen und -kennzeichnungen. Diese Maßnahmen können verpflichtend (d. h. Vorschriften) oder freiwillig (d. h. private Standards, Berufsrichtlinien etc.) sein, je nachdem, welcher Politikstil in den einzelnen Ländern verfolgt wird: die Auferlegung eines gleichen Handlungsrahmens für alle oder der Versuch, die Initiativen der Interessengruppen zu fördern. Es ist jedoch schwierig zu sagen, dass eine Option besser als eine andere ist, da ein Rückgang im Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierhaltung in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern mittels unterschiedlicher Optionen erreicht wurde. Anhand einer Querschnittsbetrachtung dreier ROADMAP-Fallstudien wird in diesem <i>Point de Vu</i>e argumentiert, dass eine effiziente und legitime AMR-Politik eine Kombination aus freiwilligen und verpflichtenden Maßnahmen erfordert, die sorgfältig durchdacht und an die lokalen Gegebenheiten und Dynamiken angepasst ist.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}