EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Food Consumption Trends on Twitter with Social Media Analytics: The Example of #Veganuary","authors":"L. Drescher, Carola Grebitus, J. Roosen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12403","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of the hashtag #veganuary, a neologism of vegan and January, on Twitter with over 52,000 tweets from 2022, this article shows how Social Media Analytics can provide valuable insights into timing, volume and sentiment within any emerging (consumer) trend. Social Media Analytics is increasingly being used for the analysis of Social Media data. Whether consumers, politicians or entrepreneurs, all stakeholders in the food value chain are present on Social Media and talk about various trends in food and agriculture. In the form of an overview article, this contribution uses the example of the Vegan Challenge to demonstrate how a combination of the manifold methods of Social Media Analytics can provide extensive insights into the public discourse on food topics. It shows that #veganuary communication on Twitter has a predominantly positive connotation in the discussion of all stakeholders involved. The Vegan Challenge can also be categorised as a strong marketing campaign with a competitive character. #veganuary is commonly discussed on Twitter in tweets related to topics, such as veganism and the climate crisis. We argue that Social Media Analytics usefully extends classical analytical tools of consumer research on emerging and spreading food trends, and offers opportunities for many research studies.","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less Livestock in North-western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies\u0000 Moins de bétail dans le nord-ouest de l'Europe ? Discours et facteurs influençant les politiques de rachat de bétail\u0000 Geringere Viehbestände in Nordwesteuropa? Diskussionen und Beweggründe für staatliche Aufkaufprogramme von Vieh","authors":"Daan Boezeman,&nbsp;David de Pue,&nbsp;Morten Graversgaard,&nbsp;Stefan Möckel","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Direct intervention in the size of livestock numbers is not considered a main option in European agri-environmental policies nor in policy studies. Nevertheless, the governments of the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) have announced livestock buyout schemes. This article contributes to the scarce literature on this policy instrument by sketching the characteristics of different types of buyout schemes. We analyse how the issue of reducing livestock numbers is being framed in four EU Member States with high livestock dense regions: the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), Denmark and Germany. While the debate on ‘technology versus volume’ can be observed in all four countries, the ‘nitrogen crises’ in the first two has led to a reframing of concerns over livestock numbers in relation to place-based deterioration of habitats and the possibility of granting permits for new economic activities, rather than as a global issue of mitigating climate change. Pre-existing institutional frameworks influence the introduction and design of new buyout policies. In the context of high political pressure, existing policies to close down farms were reinforced and nutrient emission rights systems offered the opportunity to take production rights out of the market. Notwithstanding the policies and available budgets, the issue of direct intervention to reduce livestock numbers remains controversial.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50144577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less Livestock in North‐western Europe? Discourses and Drivers Behind Livestock Buyout Policies","authors":"D. Boezeman, David De Pue, M. Graversgaard, S. Möckel","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualised AKIS Diagnosis – an Instrumental Approach to Support AKIS Appraisal\u0000 Diagnostic visualisé du SCIA – une approche instrumentale pour soutenir l'évaluation du SCIA\u0000 Visualisierte AKIS-Diagnose – ein instrumenteller Ansatz zur Unterstützung der AKIS-Beurteilung","authors":"Andrea Knierim,&nbsp;Fanos M. Birke","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System) concept is now widely applied in the EU partly due to latest CAP regulation. Visualisation-based AKIS diagnosis relies on the iterative elaboration of an AKIS diagram that provides a static picture of what elements of the system are linked through what kind of relations in which socio-economic contexts and environments. In this article we discuss the implications of using the visualised AKIS diagnosis method based on our empirical assessment of AKIS in 28 European countries. The method involved drafting AKIS diagrams based on targeted desk research, conducting dialogues with experts affiliated with or overseeing prominent knowledge organisations to adjust and refine the diagrams and to analyse actor diversity and linkages. The final diagrams and the background reports on AKIS appraisal were used to deepen the AKIS understanding among various stakeholders in the agriculture sector, as well as an input for the CAP strategic plan preparation in some countries. We conclude that the visualised AKIS diagnosis has a great potential to make complex knowledge infrastructures and exchange processes tangible. However, it also comes with risks, for example, that the snapshot in time may become misleading, through being an outdated or erroneous representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualised AKIS diagnosis – an instrumental approach to support AKIS appraisal","authors":"A. Knierim, F. Birke","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12397","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47856415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Farm Valuation\u0000 Les méthodes d’évaluation des exploitations agricoles\u0000 Methoden zur Bewertung von landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben","authors":"Laure Latruffe,&nbsp;Yann Desjeux,&nbsp;Geoffroy Enjolras,&nbsp;Philippe Jeanneaux","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12392","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Valuation of a farm at current market value is a crucial part of the process of farm transfer, be it between family members through inheritance or on the open market between buyers and sellers. This article explains the methods available to and used by professionals in France to value farms, and presents results of an application of the methods on bookkeeping data for French representative commercial farms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The literature is rich on business valuation methods but less so in the farming context. Some assets are often very specific (farm buildings, livestock, agricultural land) and the activities of farms are by nature diverse and risky, making it difficult to standardise their valuation. There are two broad categories of methods. Economic methods are based on cash flows and profitability generated by the assets and include the &lt;b&gt;fundamental&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;financial methods.&lt;/b&gt; The fundamental (or discounted cash-flows or long-term returns or capitalisation) method consists of valuing the farm as an industrial project that will generate cash flows in the future, over a chosen time horizon, for example the duration of a long-term rental agreement (nine years in France). The farm value is thus the sum of the future net cash flows discounted at an appropriate rate. The financial (or profitability) method is based on the estimation of the farm investors’ potential remuneration, which can be approximated by the farm net profit (farm income from which the farm manager's labour remuneration has been subtracted).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second category of methods relies on the separately-valued assets mainly with the &lt;b&gt;patrimonial method&lt;/b&gt; (or liquidation and accounting valuation method). Each tangible asset is estimated separately, with the current market value or with the book value of assets available in the balance sheet. While the fundamental method is generally preferred by buyers (that is to say, future farmers) and banks, sellers favour the patrimonial method as it generates high values. In practice both sets of methods are often used in combination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2021 an online survey was conducted of 67 land experts and farm accountants in France who regularly estimate farm values for farmers (both sellers or buyers) (Enjolras &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). As shown in Figure 1, the highest share of experts (56 per cent) used the patrimonial method, although the fundamental and financial methods together account for a comparable share of experts (53 per cent). The survey also highlighted the difficult conciliation of perspectives between sellers and buyers and the need to consider intangible factors, as seen in Figure 2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The different methods were applied to the 2017 and 2018 French Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) bookkeeping data (Jeanneaux &lt;i&gt;et al&lt;/i&gt;., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Figure 3 shows that wine-growing farms have the highest values on average. Pig and beef cattle farms have high average patrimonial values, reflecting their high capita","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"36-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods for Farm Valuation","authors":"L. Latruffe, Y. Desjeux, G. Enjolras, P. Jeanneaux","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42396955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Quality of CAP Strategic Planning through Enhancing the Role of Agricultural Economics\u0000 Améliorer la qualité de la planification stratégique de la PAC en renforçant le rôle de l'économie agricole\u0000 Qualitätsverbesserung in der GAP-Strategieplanung durch eine stärkere Rolle der Agrarökonomie","authors":"Emil Erjavec,&nbsp;Ilona Rac","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extending strategic planning to the full range of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) interventions could improve the impacts of this controversial public policy. Science, particularly agricultural economics, can play a role in improving the quality of planning and implementation of a reformed CAP. The preparation of Member States' Strategic Plans (SP) is rather formalistic, while the plans are not very rigorously designed. A major weakness is related to the CAP's political-economic characteristics and lies in the selection and definition of interventions: financially strong but poorly targeted interventions tend to be pre-fixed, which prevents a stronger focus on the results and quality of planning. The intervention logic functions as a black box, as the links between policy priorities and interventions are merely implied, with no clear, evidence-based links. Therefore, European decision makers should re-examine the concept of CAP SP and especially improve a support system and capacity building for SP designers. Greater involvement of academic research and scientific methods and tools in the preparation, monitoring and evaluation of plans, could significantly improve the quality of planning. This would require increased investment in research and dialogue among representatives of academia, government and the nongovernmental sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 2","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50133794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Quality of CAP Strategic Planning through Enhancing the Role of Agricultural Economics","authors":"E. Erjavec, I. Rac","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12393","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Agricultural Support Help with Climate Change Mitigation Efforts?\u0000 Le soutien agricole contribue-t-il aux efforts d'atténuation du changement climatique ?\u0000 Unterstützt die Förderung der Landwirtschaft die Bemühungen den Klimawandel einzudämmen?","authors":"Jibran Punthakey,&nbsp;Hugo Valin,&nbsp;Martin von Lampe","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12386","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Total support to the agricultural sector arising from public policies reached a record USD 817 billion per year in 2019–2021 for the 54 countries&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; covered in the &lt;i&gt;OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2022&lt;/i&gt; report (Figure 1). However, only a small share of this support was directed at longer-term efforts to combat climate change and other food system challenges.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of the total support, USD 500 billion per year was paid by taxpayers from public budgets, with the remaining USD 317 billion per year being transferred by consumers through higher prices (market price support). In a small number of countries, policies also suppress prices for some or all commodities, generating a transfer (an implicit tax) of USD 117 billion away from agricultural producers. In total, USD 391 billion per year was transferred to producers in the potentially most distorting forms of support (market price support and payments based on output or the unconstrained use of variable inputs).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Along with forestry and other land use, agricultre represents around 22 per cent of anthropogenic GHG emissions; mainly methane and nitrous oxide from livestock, rice cultivation and fertiliser use, and carbon dioxide emissions through land use change, such as deforestation and carbon losses in agricultural soils. Lower GHG emissions can result from increasing productivity and efficiency in input use, adopting production techniques that reduce emissions, increasing soil carbon sequestration, afforestation and restoration of degraded lands, reducing food losses in the field and on the farm, and providing information and incentives to consumers to choose food with lower emissions intensities and reduce food waste.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Current policies include subsidies for the use of variable inputs such as fertilisers, feed and fuel, amounting to USD 60 billion per year in 2019–2021 and directly contributing to GHG emissions. Moreover, support tied to specific commodities still accounts for a large share of gross farm receipts in some countries (Figure 2). Support for livestock products, which tend to have high GHG emissions intensities, amounted to USD 111 billion per year across the 54 countries, and exceeded 10 per cent of gross farm receipts in 5 countries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Despite their importance for achieving food security, climate and other food systems goals, investments in these areas have been falling relative to the size of the sector for most of the past two decades. Overall, support to general services accounted for 13 per cent of total support for the sector in 2019–2021, down from 16 per cent in 2000–2002 (Figure 3). There is therefore considerable scope for reforms that support both food systems objectives and ensure that agriculture contributes to ambitious emissions reduction targets.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.&lt;/","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"22 1","pages":"28-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50154099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}