EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Mandatory vs. Voluntary? How to Conceive and Implement the ‘Right’ Measures to Fight AMR\u0000 Obligatoires ou volontaires ? Comment concevoir et mettre en œuvre les ‘bonnes’ mesures pour lutter contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens\u0000 Verpflichtend oder freiwillig? Wie lassen sich die ‚richtigen‘ Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der AMR konzipieren und umsetzen?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Sophie Molia,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12443","url":null,"abstract":"<p>La lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) s'appuie généralement sur un large ensemble de mesures, telles que l'interdiction ou la restriction de l'utilisation de certaines molécules, la promotion d'approches préventives en santé animale, le contrôle de l'usage et de la prescription des antibiotiques, la formation des éleveurs et des vétérinaires ou encore le développement de démarches qualité et de labels. Ces mesures peuvent être obligatoires (c'est-à-dire des réglementations) ou volontaires (c'est-à-dire des normes privées, des lignes directrices professionnelles, etc.), selon le style d'action publique adopté dans chaque pays: imposer le même cadre d'action pour tout le monde ou tenter de stimuler les initiatives des parties prenantes. Il est cependant difficile de dire qu'une option est meilleure qu'une autre car la réduction de l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage a été obtenue dans différents pays européens en utilisant différentes options. Fondé sur une réflexion croisée de trois études de cas du projet ROADMAP, ce <i>Point de Vue</i> soutient qu'une politique de RAM efficace et légitime doit adopter une combinaison de mesures volontaires et obligatoires soigneusement réfléchies et adaptées aux contextes et dynamiques locaux.</p><p>Die Bekämpfung antimikrobieller Resistenzen (AMR) umfasst in der Regel eine Reihe an Maßnahmen, wie das Verbot oder die Einschränkung der Verwendung bestimmter Moleküle, die Förderung präventiver Ansätze im Bereich der Tiergesundheit, das Monitoring des Antibiotikaeinsatzes und -verschreibungen, die Schulung von Landwirten/−innen und Tierärzten/−innen sowie die Entwicklung von Qualitätssystemen und -kennzeichnungen. Diese Maßnahmen können verpflichtend (d. h. Vorschriften) oder freiwillig (d. h. private Standards, Berufsrichtlinien etc.) sein, je nachdem, welcher Politikstil in den einzelnen Ländern verfolgt wird: die Auferlegung eines gleichen Handlungsrahmens für alle oder der Versuch, die Initiativen der Interessengruppen zu fördern. Es ist jedoch schwierig zu sagen, dass eine Option besser als eine andere ist, da ein Rückgang im Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel in der Tierhaltung in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern mittels unterschiedlicher Optionen erreicht wurde. Anhand einer Querschnittsbetrachtung dreier ROADMAP-Fallstudien wird in diesem <i>Point de Vu</i>e argumentiert, dass eine effiziente und legitime AMR-Politik eine Kombination aus freiwilligen und verpflichtenden Maßnahmen erfordert, die sorgfältig durchdacht und an die lokalen Gegebenheiten und Dynamiken angepasst ist.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Potential of Living Labs in European Research Projects on Agriculture. The Case of Promoting Prudent Use of Antimicrobials in Livestock\u0000 Exploiter le potentiel des Laboratoires vivants dans les projets de recherche européens sur l'agriculture. Le cas de la promotion d'une utilisation prudente des antimicrobiens dans l’élevage\u0000 Das Potenzial von Reallaboren in europäischen Forschungsprojekten im Bereich der Landwirtschaft nutzen: Der Fall der Förderung eines umsichtigen Einsatzes von antimikrobiellen Mitteln in der Tierhaltung","authors":"Bernadette Oehen,&nbsp;Annick Spaans,&nbsp;Florence Bonnet-Beaugrand,&nbsp;Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Hanne Kongsted,&nbsp;Mette Vaarst","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12450","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The urgency to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the livestock sector has become part of the European Farm-to-Fork agenda. To develop innovations and pave the way for prudent antimicrobial use (AMU), the H2020 four-year-long ROADMAP project implemented the approach of Living Labs (LL). It stands for a process that involves a heterogeneous group of stakeholders in co-creation, testing and evaluating innovations in real-world contexts. The use of LLs has gained momentum to accelerate transformation of European agriculture by developing innovations through end-user (farmer) involvement. However, the LL-approach is new in the livestock sector. During the project, 11 LLs were established in seven European countries, each with its own settings but linked to the project's overarching goals. Some LLs developed a common understanding of AMU within the sector or between farmers and veterinarians, while others focussed on policy development or better management practices. During the ROADMAP project, we learned about the potential and limitations of the LL approach in the livestock sector. Using the approach of social innovations, we developed recommendations on how to realise the potential of LLs in a research context to meet the goals of the EU Farm-to-Fork strategy of prudent AMU.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transition Issue: What Do We Change (or Not) When We Change Antimicrobial Use?\u0000 La question de la transition : que changeons-nous (ou pas) lorsque nous modifions l'utilisation des antimicrobiens ?\u0000 Die Umstellungsthematik: Was ändern wir (oder eben nicht), wenn wir den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel verändern?","authors":"Nicolas Fortané,&nbsp;Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan,&nbsp;Christian Ducrot","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12442","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Les diverses politiques et initiatives visant à réduire l'utilisation des antimicrobiens dans la production animale en Europe au cours des dix dernières années ont été couronnées de succès. Dans de nombreux pays, les objectifs de réduction ont été atteints (une réduction des ventes d'antimicrobiens comprise entre 30 et 50 %). Mais lorsqu'il s'agit d'objectifs à plus grande échelle ou à plus long terme, notamment ceux visant à passer à une agriculture plus durable ou plus résiliente, le tableau est beaucoup moins clair. Le succès de la lutte contre la résistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) ne doit pas masquer le fait qu’à ce jour, peu de progrès ont été réalisés sur les questions de transition. Les formes intensives et industrielles de production animale sont maintenues et parfois renforcées par les stratégies développées pour réduire l'utilisation des antimicrobiens. La réduction et le remplacement des antimicrobiens ont constitué une étape importante, mais la réflexion n'a pas été liée à la remise en cause du système de production, comme le suggéraient en premier lieu les politiques européennes. Il est désormais essentiel de lier les efforts actuels à des changements de grande envergure et à des innovations de rupture. La RAM est un problème parmi tant d'autres. Tous doivent être abordés globalement grâce à une transition vers des formes d'agriculture moins intensives, moins industrielles et plus soucieuses de leur impact sur la santé, l'environnement et la société.</p><p>Die verschiedenen politischen Maßnahmen und Initiativen der letzten zehn Jahre zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel in der europäischen Tierhaltung waren erfolgreich. In vielen Ländern wurden die Reduktionsziele erreicht (Rückgang der Verkäufe antimikrobieller Mittel um 30-50 %). Geht es jedoch um größere oder längerfristige Ziele, nämlich die Umstellung auf eine nachhaltigere oder widerstandsfähigere Landwirtschaft, ist die Situation weit weniger eindeutig. Der Erfolg im Kampf gegen antimikrobielle Resistenzen (AMR) darf nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass bei der Umstellungsthematik bisher kaum Fortschritte erzielt wurden. Intensive und industrielle Formen der Tierhaltung werden durch die Strategien, die zur Verringerung des Einsatzes antimikrobieller Mittel entwickelt wurden, aufrechterhalten und manchmal sogar verstärkt. Die Reduzierung und Substitution antimikrobieller Mittel waren ein wichtiger Schritt, aber diese Überlegungen wurden nicht mit dem Überdenken des Produktionssystems verknüpft, wie es die europäische Politik ursprünglich vorgeschlagen hatte. Es ist jetzt entscheidend, die derzeitigen Bestrebungen mit weitreichenden Veränderungen und bahnbrechenden Innovationen zu verbinden. AMR ist ein Problem von vielen anderen. Sie müssen weltweit angegangen werden, und zwar durch die Umstellung zu einer weniger intensiven, weniger industriellen und stärker auf ihre Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit, Umwelt und Gesellschaft bedachten Landwirtschaft.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Economic Assessments to Support Changes in Livestock Farming Practices: A Focus on Antimicrobial Use\u0000 L'importance des évaluations économiques pour soutenir les changements dans les pratiques d’élevage : un focus sur l'utilisation des antimicrobiens\u0000 Die Bedeutung wirtschaftlicher Untersuchungen zur Unterstützung von Veränderungen in der Tierhaltung: Ein Fokus auf die Verwendung antimikrobieller Mittel","authors":"João Sucena Afonso,&nbsp;Jonathan Rushton","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12447","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intensification of livestock farming reshaped the epidemiological, economic and environmental landscape of production systems. With the resulting increase in disease pressure, farmers turned to readily available and cost-efficient tools to help manage animal health and even increase productivity – antimicrobials. Growing concerns around antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have prompted regulatory and private initiatives to curtail antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock. The latter indicates that farmers/livestock industry are taking some ownership of the problem and playing a key role in the solution. In fact, recent research has found that farmers are willing to adjust farming practices if this does not affect financial viability of their businesses. However, our scoping literature review found that information is lacking or insufficient for farmers to make these decisions. It is also vital to understand the extent to which farm-level decisions are producing negative externalities, and what needs to be changed to ensure societal optimum. While advocating for a sustainable reduction in AMU in livestock production, it is important to provide adequate information on the alternatives to their application in managing animal health and welfare. Evidence on the economic, productive and/or epidemiological benefits of such alternatives, when compared to the current situation, are crucial if farmers are to change their production practices with regards to AMU.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12447","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Countries have Reduced Antimicrobial Use (AMU) in Livestock but Have They Also Replaced and Rethought AMU? A Qualitative Approach\u0000 Les pays européens ont réduit l'utilisation des antimicrobiens (AMU) dans l’élevage, mais ont-ils également remplacé et repensé cet usage ? Une approche qualitative\u0000 Europäische Länder haben den Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel (AMU) in der Nutztierhaltung reduziert, aber haben sie AMU auch ersetzt und überdacht? Ein qualitativer Ansatz","authors":"Fanny Baudoin,&nbsp;Erwin Wauters","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12437","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As part of the transition to more sustainable agriculture, it has been observed that changes leading to low-to-moderate sustainability, including optimisation and substitution of production processes, are often preferred to more radical changes leading to deep sustainability, i.e. redesigning production processes. In this light, we sought to explore whether this was also the case for antimicrobial use in farm animal production, which has changed over the past decade in an effort to decrease the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. To explore this, a qualitative approach was used to 1) identify interventions in 12 animal production sectors across 9 European countries, 2) characterise them, and 3) estimate their potential to contribute to the ‘reduce’, ‘replace’ and ‘rethink’ approaches by stimulating the adoption of behaviours related to these strategies. Our findings revealed that while some interventions were identified to potentially contribute solely to one or two of the approaches, the majority were deemed capable of contributing to all three. However, for these interventions, our data suggest that their actual impact, as implemented, was confined to the ‘reduce’ and ‘replace’ approaches, an observation for which we put forward several hypotheses. In addition, policy implications are drawn.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12437","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Triggers Change in Antimicrobial Use?\u0000 Qu'est-ce qui déclenche un changement dans l'utilisation des antimicrobiens ?\u0000 Was löst die Veränderungen beim Einsatz antimikrobieller Mittel aus?","authors":"Gareth Enticott,&nbsp;Hedvig Gröndal,&nbsp;Anne Hémonic,&nbsp;Kieran O'Mahony,&nbsp;Christine Roguet,&nbsp;Natalie Rousset,&nbsp;Orla Shortall,&nbsp;Lee-Ann Sutherland","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12449","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article considers how different ‘triggers' contribute to changes in the use of antimicrobials. Drawing on the Triggering Change model, the article suggests that the use of antimicrobials is path dependent: economically, socially and culturally invested in maintaining a steady trajectory, with incremental changes. Triggering events – such as farm succession, financial crisis, or disease outbreak – are required to break these dependencies and stimulate transitions to new farming trajectories. The article investigates which triggering events are significant in the context of responsible antimicrobial usage, in three European countries, spanning the beef, dairy, poultry and pig sectors. Results demonstrated that major reductions in antimicrobial use are often part of larger transition processes. Triggers led to major changes on farm which included reduction in antimicrobial use amongst other changes. When antimicrobial change occurred in isolation, it was typically in response to legislation, and progressed incrementally over time. To achieve major changes in antimicrobial use thus requires policies which work with trigger events such as supporting training of successors, and enabling farmers who have experienced major disease outbreaks to ‘build back better’. Working to shape what farmers understand as ‘good farming’ through education, regulations and benchmarking, are also important options.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12449","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2030 Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Reduction Target in Europe: Where Are We?\u0000 L'objectif de réduction des ventes d'antimicrobiens vétérinaires en Europe d'ici 2030 : où en sommes-nous ?\u0000 Das Umsatzreduktionsziel für veterinärmedizinische antimikrobielle Mittel bis 2030 in Europa: Wo stehen wir?","authors":"Massimo Canali,&nbsp;Maurizio Aragrande,&nbsp;Caetano Luiz Beber","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12444","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2020, the European Commission's Farm-to-Fork Strategy set the target of reducing sales of veterinary antimicrobials in the European Union (EU) by 50 per cent by 2030, compared to 2018 levels (European Commission, <span>2020a</span>, <span>2020b</span>). The initiative, aimed at combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), connects various aspects of the EU health, environmental, agricultural and food policies. This process started in 2001 with the first Community Strategy against AMR, leading to the European ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters on farmed animals in 2006, and subsequently developed with the Action Plans against AMR of 2011 and 2017. In 2023, the EU Member States’ governments reaffirmed their intent to step up the EU actions against AMR.</p><p>The European Medicines Agency (EMA) calculates the sales of veterinary antimicrobials relative to the animal population of European farms in terms of Population Correction Units (PCUs). This indicator considers the total population of each farmed animal species multiplied by the estimated average liveweight when treated with antibiotics (EMA, <span>2023</span>). The European 2030 target is computed as the total milligrams of antimicrobial active ingredients sold in the EU per kg PCU. According to the EMA, the EU-27 veterinary antibiotic sales decreased from 185.9 mg of active ingredients per kg PCU in 2010 to 84.8 mg/kg PCU in 2022 (Figure 1).</p><p>This result was achieved in three stages. During the first stage (2010–2014), the decrease in sales was gradual, averaging 1.8 per cent per year. The second stage (2015–2017) saw a much faster decline, with an average annual drop of 10.9 per cent. In the last phase (2018–2022), the decrease slowed to an average of 6.6 per cent per year (EMA, <span>2023</span>). Thus, after the first launch period, the MS sales declined rapidly for three years and finally entered a phase of slower decrease, where further marginal gains seem less easy to achieve. The EU target requires that sales of veterinary antimicrobials in the EU should decrease to 59.2 mg/kg PCU (down from 118.4 mg/kg in 2018), i.e. an average annual decrease of 4.4 per cent between 2023 and 2030, which might be feasible given the current trend in the EU-27.</p><p>Using the same criteria, the European Commission set individual targets for each EU country, aiming for a 50 per cent reduction of sales per kg PCU in 2030 from the respective 2018 levels (European Commission, <span>2020b</span>). Figure 2 shows the average annual percentage reduction in sales of active ingredients per kg PCU required in each country in 2023–2030 to reach its target (orange bars) and the average annual variation achieved in 2018–2022 (blue bars). The difference between the two values can provide information to assess the likelihood of each country achieving its goal. The parameters used for the analysis are described in the Figure 2 caption. Considering the main EU consumer countries of veterinary ant","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 2","pages":"52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EU Deforestation Regulation\u0000 Le règlement européen contre la déforestation\u0000 Die EU-Entwaldungsverordnung","authors":"Christopher L. Gilbert","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12436","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12436","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) will introduce stringent due diligence requirements on the sale of seven major agricultural commodities in the EU with the objective of limiting deforestation in the producing countries. The greatest impact is likely to be in cocoa and coffee where the EU, and Europe more widely, are responsible for a large share of world consumption; and possibly also in palm oil which has seen substantial deforestation. Commodity supply chains are complex. In particular, crops produced by smallholder farmers are aggregated into larger packets prior to export. Tracking the deforestation status of these aggregated packets will be a major and potentially costly undertaking. This will result in the restructuring of supply chains, favouring large farms over smallholdings and international trading companies over nationally-based exporters. These developments are seen by some producing country governments as imperialistic. EUDR-compliant supplies will earn a premium and this will raise the prices faced by European consumers. Producers who are able to comply will benefit from the premium but will bear the compliance cost. Overall, there will be a net pecuniary loss. Benefits to deforestation will only emerge as new planting takes place and will depend on whether other consuming countries introduce similar legislation. I estimate that, despite the reduction in deforestation embodied in EU imports, the overall impact on deforestation will be minor but with high associated compliance costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142259753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Assess Digitisation Impacts on the Food Industry: The Dutch Case of Microdata Collection for Firms’ Sustainability\u0000 Comment évaluer les impacts de la numérisation sur l'industrie alimentaire : le cas néerlandais de la collecte de microdonnées pour la durabilité des entreprises\u0000 Wie lassen sich die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierung auf die Lebensmittelbranche bewerten? Das niederländische Fallbeispiel einer Erhebung von Mikrodaten zur Nachhaltigkeit von Unternehmen","authors":"Tobias Dalhaus,&nbsp;Jan-Philip Uhlemann,&nbsp;Mariska van der Voort,&nbsp;John Bonestroo,&nbsp;David Zilberman,&nbsp;Thomas Reardon","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12439","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12439","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital innovations can increase resilience and sustainability of food businesses due to for instance increasing efficiency, reducing pollution or improving transparency about production conditions. However, much of the research on this topic has been done at the primary production level, i.e. on technology impacts on farms, or remains at an <i>ex-ante</i> case study level when looking at digital technology impacts in downstream food businesses. Therefore, <i>ex-post</i> impacts of digital technologies after their adoption are largely unknown.</p><p>We here argue that this knowledge gap arises from the fact that we lack single company data (i.e. micro-data) on the adoption of digital technologies in food businesses. Only with this information can actual impacts of these technologies be assessed using causal inference methods. As a way forward, we highlight a unique dataset of digital technology adoption among Dutch downstream food businesses that is available for research purposes. We show that digital technologies already have a considerable market penetration in the Netherlands. Therefore, we urge the scientific community and governmental statistical offices to collect and make available similar data globally and make use of the already existing data. Such impact assessments will inform and accelerate the transition towards more sustainable and resilient food value chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agri-environmental Schemes Require Improved Design for Better Outcomes\u0000 La conception des programmes agro-environnementaux doit être améliorée pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats\u0000 Agrarumweltprogramme erfordern eine verbesserte Konzeption, um bessere Ergebnisse zu erzielen","authors":"Chi Nguyen,&nbsp;Uwe Latacz-Lohmann,&nbsp;Nick Hanley","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12441","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12441","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advocacy for a shift from an individual farm-level to a landscape-level approach in agri-environmental policy is a focal point in the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy. Such a shift aims to address spatial mismatches between ecological processes and targeted environmental outcomes, and to harness potential ecological gains from spatial coordination. However, there remains limited understanding of how to design effective mechanisms aimed at encouraging coordination among landholders. Do landscape configurations influence the effectiveness of coordination mechanisms? This article aims to assess the effectiveness of alternative coordination mechanisms incorporated in the design of a conservation auction across alternative landscape configurations, that is, in terms of the spatial relationship between some measure of environmental benefit – such as wild bird species diversity – and the profitability of farmland. These mechanisms include landholder-to-landholder communication, disclosure of spatial environmental scoring rules, and the Agglomeration Bonus. We used lab experiments to evaluate these options. Our results suggest that there is no panacea for promoting landscape-level environmental outcomes. Communication proves capable of significantly facilitating coordination, whilst information disclosure policies can serve as an effective coordination mechanism in multiple landscape types. By contrast, the Agglomeration Bonus was only found to effectively promote coordination in a positively correlated landscape type. It leads to lower cost-effectiveness in all landscape types.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":"23 3","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12441","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142226538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}