The EU Deforestation Regulation

IF 2.4 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY
Christopher L. Gilbert
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Abstract

SummaryThe EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) will introduce stringent due diligence requirements on the sale of seven major agricultural commodities in the EU with the objective of limiting deforestation in the producing countries. The greatest impact is likely to be in cocoa and coffee where the EU, and Europe more widely, are responsible for a large share of world consumption; and possibly also in palm oil which has seen substantial deforestation. Commodity supply chains are complex. In particular, crops produced by smallholder farmers are aggregated into larger packets prior to export. Tracking the deforestation status of these aggregated packets will be a major and potentially costly undertaking. This will result in the restructuring of supply chains, favouring large farms over smallholdings and international trading companies over nationally‐based exporters. These developments are seen by some producing country governments as imperialistic. EUDR‐compliant supplies will earn a premium and this will raise the prices faced by European consumers. Producers who are able to comply will benefit from the premium but will bear the compliance cost. Overall, there will be a net pecuniary loss. Benefits to deforestation will only emerge as new planting takes place and will depend on whether other consuming countries introduce similar legislation. I estimate that, despite the reduction in deforestation embodied in EU imports, the overall impact on deforestation will be minor but with high associated compliance costs.
欧盟森林砍伐条例
摘要《欧盟森林砍伐条例》(EUDR)将对欧盟七种主要农产品的销售引入严格的尽职调查要求,目的是限制生产国的森林砍伐。影响最大的可能是可可和咖啡,因为欧盟和整个欧洲的可可和咖啡消费量占世界消费量的很大份额;可能还有棕榈油,因为棕榈油的森林砍伐量很大。商品供应链是复杂的。特别是,小农户生产的农作物在出口前会被集中到较大的包装中。跟踪这些集合包装的毁林状况将是一项重大且可能耗资巨大的工作。这将导致供应链重组,有利于大农场而非小农户,有利于国际贸易公司而非本国出口商。一些生产国政府认为这些发展是帝国主义行为。符合欧盟减让议定的供应将获得溢价,这将提高欧洲消费者面临的价格。有能力履约的生产商将从溢价中获益,但也将承担履约成本。总体而言,将出现净经济损失。对森林砍伐的益处只会随着新种植的出现而显现,并将取决于其他消费国是否出台类似立法。我估计,尽管欧盟进口产品中的森林砍伐量减少了,但对森林砍伐的总体影响不大,但相关的合规成本却很高。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
EuroChoices
EuroChoices AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY-
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
7.10%
发文量
22
期刊介绍: EuroChoices is a full colour, peer reviewed, outreach journal of topical European agri-food and rural resource issues, published three times a year in April, August and December. Its main aim is to bring current research and policy deliberations on agri-food and rural resource issues to a wide readership, both technical & non-technical. The need for this is clear - there are great changes afoot in the European and global agri-food industries and rural areas, which are of enormous impact and concern to society. The issues which underlie present deliberations in the policy and private sectors are complex and, until now, normally expressed in impenetrable technical language.
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