EuroChoices最新文献

{"title":"Improving Agricultural Policy Decisions through Replications\u0000 Améliorer les décisions en matière de politique agricole grâce à des réplications\u0000 Verbesserung der agrarpolitischen Entscheidungen durch Replikationsstudien","authors":"Robert Finger,&nbsp;Carola Grebitus,&nbsp;Arne Henningsen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12413","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, policy decisions are often made based on untested scientific results. Replication studies repeat previously published research and, thus, are an effective way to test the validity and reliability of research studies, as well as to test the potential for generalisations of such studies. Replications can contribute to improved policy decisions and thus more efficient use of resources. To date, very few replications of research in agricultural economics are available and the incentives to engage in replications are low. Moreover, the conditions for replicating studies are poor. For example, published articles often lack full transparency in terms of documentation, data and computer code. This Point de Vue highlights the advantages of striving for conditions that facilitate replication studies and foster such a culture in agricultural economics. Policymakers could explicitly invite and support replications of studies that are key for good policymaking. To this end, they can address both demand-side and supply-side problems of replications, for example, by inviting, valuing and supporting replications of policy-relevant analyses and by providing institutional and legal infrastructure facilitating open science and replications. With this, policy can support the agricultural economics profession, while agricultural economists can support sound policymaking, both reaping the benefits of a more transparent research culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12413","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Food System Transformation Framework\u0000 Un réseau de transformation du système alimentaire\u0000 Ein Rahmen zur Transformation des Agrar- und Ernährungsystems","authors":"Julian Worley,&nbsp;Doris Läpple,&nbsp;Fabio Bartolini,&nbsp;Silvia Gaiani,&nbsp;Greta Winkler","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1746-692X.12406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Food systems are responsible for about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Crippa <i>et al</i>., <span>2021</span>), and the need to reduce these emissions is urgent. We developed a transformation framework outlining how climate change mitigation can be facilitated in the food system.</p><p>Figure 1 centres around climate change mitigation in the food system as a common goal, which requires all actors to undertake necessary actions to achieve this goal. All food system actors (represented in four segments – research, government, civil society and supply chain) need to contribute and interact, and lack of involvement from any one segment limits overall progress. The detailed transformation framework is shown in Figure 2 and is described in the following.</p><p>The research segment includes universities, research institutes and private industry with ideas, data and results being shared among them. This segment aims to generate knowledge and innovations in food production, making achievement of the common goal feasible. It receives funding and information in the form of data from other segments. If cooperation from this segment deteriorated, further innovation would be hindered, limiting progress towards the common goal.</p><p>The governmental segment provides organisation for collective action towards food system climate change mitigation. This includes policies, such as regulations and financial support for agricultural producers, and public education, for example in relation to sustainable food choices. The government's role is to align the private good (i.e. consumption) with the public good, e.g. climate change mitigation. In turn, the government receives feedback about the effectiveness of regulation and support policies, and the prioritisation of concerns within the common goal. Lack of cooperation from this segment leads to ineffective or harmful regulations and support policies, mistrust from the public, and misalignment of research effort towards the public good.</p><p>Civil society includes consumers, consumer groups, NGOs, as well as media, influencers and celebrities, focused on food system topics. They influence behaviour change in relation to food choices. Cooperation within civil society can lead to changes in food demand and therefore initiate more sustainable food production methods. The civil society segment can call for a focus on climate change mitigation in the food system in policy and research agenda.</p><p>This segment includes all entities from farm to fork. Trust in innovation from research leads to adoption of climate change mitigation technologies and practices and improves production sustainability. Implementing governmental recommendations and responding to demand signals from the public requires belief in those signals to steer production to a more sustainable supply chain.</p><p>Each of these four segments in the food system has a unique role to play in achieving progress within the framework. With","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Food Consumption Trends on Twitter with Social Media Analytics: The Example of #Veganuary\u0000 Explorer les tendances de consommation alimentaire sur Twitter avec l'analyse des médias sociaux : L'exemple du #Veganuary\u0000 Trends im Lebensmittelkonsum auf Twitter: Eine Untersuchung mit Social Media Analytics am Beispiel #Veganuary","authors":"Larissa S. Drescher,&nbsp;Carola Grebitus,&nbsp;Jutta Roosen","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the example of the hashtag #veganuary, a neologism of vegan and January, on Twitter with over 52,000 tweets from 2022, this article shows how Social Media Analytics can provide valuable insights into timing, volume and sentiment within any emerging (consumer) trend. Social Media Analytics is increasingly being used for the analysis of Social Media data. Whether consumers, politicians or entrepreneurs, all stakeholders in the food value chain are present on Social Media and talk about various trends in food and agriculture. In the form of an overview article, this contribution uses the example of the Vegan Challenge to demonstrate how a combination of the manifold methods of Social Media Analytics can provide extensive insights into the public discourse on food topics. It shows that #veganuary communication on Twitter has a predominantly positive connotation in the discussion of all stakeholders involved. The Vegan Challenge can also be categorised as a strong marketing campaign with a competitive character. #veganuary is commonly discussed on Twitter in tweets related to topics, such as veganism and the climate crisis. We argue that Social Media Analytics usefully extends classical analytical tools of consumer research on emerging and spreading food trends, and offers opportunities for many research studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1746-692X.12403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50149846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Dimension of the CAP Debate: Between a Rock and a Hard Place\u0000 La dimension mondiale du débat sur la PAC : entre marteau et enclume\u0000 Das globale Ausmaß der GAP-Debatte: Eine Zwickmühle","authors":"Tassos Haniotis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Les attentes débordantes quant à ce que l'agriculture de l'Union européenne (UE) peut et devrait apporter dans des domaines de la politique qui dépassent son champ d'action contrastent souvent fortement avec les réalités agricoles et les contradictions dans le comportement des individus en tant que citoyens et consommateurs. Cela a polarisé le débat sur la PAC et pousse à tort à choisir entre la priorité accordée à l'action climatique ou à la sécurité alimentaire. Les développements récents, y compris la guerre en Ukraine, ont renforcé les inquiétudes concernant les incertitudes et la volatilité sur les perspectives de prix. Les perspectives des prix des denrées alimentaires et les impacts de la croissance démographique sont au cœur du débat sur la sécurité alimentaire, car la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires, les perspectives de hausse des coûts de l'énergie induites par la transition verte, et l'augmentation des inégalités de revenus exposent les ménages des pays développés et en développement à des risques en matière d'accessibilité alimentaire. Ajouté aux tendances de la croissance démographique mondiale, en particulier en Afrique, cela pose clairement un défi pour la disponibilité de certains produits et dans certaines régions. La capacité sous-estimée et mal comprise de l'UE de produire plus avec moins pourrait aider son agriculture à contribuer positivement à la fois à la sécurité alimentaire et au changement climatique. Toutefois, pour améliorer encore les performances du secteur, il faut rouvrir le débat dans trois domaines prioritaires dans lesquels l'UE doit être très claire sur sa position et sa contribution future: la productivité, la science et le commerce.</p><p>Es gibt überschwängliche Erwartungen an das, was die Europäische Landwirtschaft in Politikbereichen, die nicht in ihren Zuständigkeitsbereich fallen, leisten kann und sollte. Sie stehen oft in einem starken Gegensatz zu den Realitäten in der Landwirtschaft und den Widersprüchen im Verhalten jedes Einzelnen. Dies hat zu einer Polarisierung der GAP-Debatte beigetragen und führt fälschlicherweise dazu, entweder dem Klimaschutz oder der Ernährungssicherheit Vorrang einzuräumen. Die jüngsten Entwicklungen, einschließlich des Krieges in der Ukraine, haben die Besorgnis über die unsicheren und volatilen Preisaussichten noch verstärkt. Die zukünftigen Lebensmittelpreise und die Auswirkungen des Bevölkerungswachstums sind in der Debatte über die Ernährungssicherheit von zentraler Bedeutung. So gefährden höhere Lebensmittelkosten und steigende Energiekosten aufgrund der grünen Wende sowie die zunehmenden Einkommensunterschiede die Bezahlbarkeit von Lebensmitteln in den Industrieländern und auch in Entwicklungsländern. Wenn darüber hinaus die Trends des weltweiten Bevölkerungswachstums, insbesondere in Afrika, betrachtet werden, dann ist die Verfügbarkeit bestimmter Produkte in einzelnen Regionen eine große Herausforderung. Die unterschätzte und verkannte Leistung der EU, m","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down (my) Memory Lane: Has Economic Analysis Impacted CAP Reforms?\u0000 Sur le chemin de la (ma) mémoire : L'analyse économique a-t-elle eu un impact sur les réformes de la PAC ?\u0000 Eine Reise in die Vergangenheit: Haben wirtschaftliche Analysen die GAP-Reformen beeinflusst?","authors":"Tassos Haniotis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cet article examine en détail l'influence de l'analyse économique sur la trajectoire de réforme de la politique agricole commune (PAC) entre 1992 et 2022, sur la base d'informations accessibles au public et à partir mon expérience professionnelle à la Commission européenne. Les analyses sur les effets de distorsion des échanges de la PAC d'avant 1992 ont largement influencé le débat interne de la Commission avant l'accord d'Uruguay sur l'agriculture. Elles étaient pour la plupart d'origine externe, issues des milieux académiques et des organisations internationales. Les développements qui ont conduit à la réforme Fischler en 2003 ont conduit à l'élargissement du champ d'analyse pour couvrir l'impact des questions de sécurité des aliments sur l'évolution des marchés, des obstacles non tarifaires au commerce ou de scénarios alternatifs d'une Union européenne élargie, et à l'utilisation croissante de modèles internes et externes. Les évaluations et les analyses d'impact ont joué un rôle majeur dans l'évaluation des options pour les réformes de la PAC après 2007, le rôle croissant des Organisations non-gouvernementales (ONG) et des groupes de réflexion déplaçant progressivement l'orientation de l'analyse et de la politique vers l'identification des faiblesses de la PAC sur le plan des résultats environnementaux. La nouvelle réalité institutionnelle de la codécision a compliqué le lien entre l'analyse et la prise de décision en matière de politique. Cependant, si l'analyse économique n'est clairement pas suffisante, elle reste nécessaire et essentielle pour relever conjointement le double défi de la sécurité alimentaire et du changement climatique.</p><p>In diesem Artikel wird der Einfluss ökonomischer Analysen auf die Reformen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) zwischen 1992 und 2022 untersucht. Grundlage hierfür sind öffentlich zugängliche Informationen und Erfahrungen, die im Rahmen meiner Tätigkeiten bei der Europäischen Kommission gesammelt wurden. Untersuchungen zu den handelsverzerrenden Auswirkungen der GAP vor 1992 haben die kommissionsinterne Debatte im Vorfeld des Uruguay-Abkommens dominiert. Diese Untersuchungen wurden zumeist extern und von internationalen Organisationen erstellt. Vor der Fischler-Reform im Jahr 2003 wurde das analytische Spektrum ausgeweitet: Mit Hilfe von internen und externen Modellen konnten so die Auswirkungen von Fragen zur Lebensmittelsicherheit auf die Marktentwicklung, nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse oder alternative Szenarien für eine erweiterte EU untersucht werden. Evaluierungen und Folgenabschätzungen spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bewertung von Optionen für die GAP-Reformen nach 2007. Dabei verlagerte die zunehmende Bedeutung von NROs und Think Tanks schrittweise den analytischen und politischen Fokus bei der Identifizierung von Schwachstellen der GAP im Umweltbereich. Die neue institutionelle Realität des Mitentscheidungsverfahrens erschwerte die Verbindung zwischen Analyse und politischer Entscheid","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EuroChoices authors benefit from the rigours of the peer review process","authors":"John Davis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41783705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EuroChoices Authors Benefit from the Rigours of the Peer Review Process\u0000 Avec EuroChoices, les auteurs bénéficient de la rigueur du processus d'évaluation par des pairs\u0000 Autorinnen und Autoren von EuroChoices profitieren von einem gründlichen Begutachtungsprozess","authors":"John Davis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692X.12400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692X.12400","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50135755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Dimension of the CAP Debate: Between a Rock and a Hard Place","authors":"T. Haniotis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12402","url":null,"abstract":"Exuberant expectations about what EU agriculture can and should deliver in policy areas beyond its scope often contrast sharply with both farm realities and contradictions in the behaviour of individuals as citizens and consumers. This has polarised the CAP policy debate, and erroneously pushes for a choice between prioritising either climate action or food security. Recent developments, including the war in Ukraine, added to concerns about uncertain and volatile future price prospects. Food price prospects and population growth impacts are pivotal in the debate about food security as higher food costs, prospects for higher energy costs driven by the green transition and increasing income inequalities put households in both developed and the developing world at risk with respect to food affordability. Adding trends of global population growth, especially in Africa, creates a clear challenge of availability in certain products and regions. The EU's underestimated and misunderstood record of producing more with less could help EU agriculture to positively contribute to addressing both food security and climate change. However, further improving its performance requires re‐opening the debate in three priority areas where the EU must come clear on its stance and future contribution – productivity, science and trade.","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down (my) Memory Lane: Has Economic Analysis Impacted CAP Reforms?","authors":"T. Haniotis","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12401","url":null,"abstract":"This article elaborates the role of economic analysis in influencing the reform path of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) between 1992 and 2022 on the basis of publicly available information from a personal career experience in the European Commission. Analyses about the trade distorting impact of the pre‐1992 CAP were dominant in influencing the internal Commission debate before the Uruguay Agreement on Agriculture, and were mostly external from academia and international organisations. Developments leading to the Fischler reform in 2003 led to the broadening of analytical scope to cover the impact of food safety issues on market developments, non‐tariff barriers to trade, or alternative scenarios about an enlarged EU based on the increasing use of internal and external models. Evaluations and Impact Assessments played a major role in assessing options for CAP reforms after 2007, with the increasing role of NGOs and think tanks gradually shifting the analytical and policy focus in identifying CAP weaknesses in its environmental delivery. The new institutional reality of co‐decision complicated the link between analysis and policy decision making. However, though economic analysis is clearly not sufficient, it is still necessary and essential to jointly address the twin challenges of food security and climate change.","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Include Blue Carbon from Seaweed in Voluntary Carbon Removal Certification","authors":"S. V. D. van den Burg, Sophie Koch, Justine Raoult, Bobby Tsvetkov, T. Selnes","doi":"10.1111/1746-692x.12398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1746-692x.12398","url":null,"abstract":"The EU has proposed a voluntary framework for certification of carbon removals which remains vague on blue carbon and in particular, carbon removal through use of seaweeds. Seaweed is considered an emerging blue carbon option. Various studies have confirmed the potential of seaweed to contribute to long‐term carbon removal, storing it away from the atmosphere for 100 years and more. Certification of seaweed carbon sequestration is promoted, even in other EU communications. This article reviews early experiences with certification of carbon and nutrient removal by aquaculture using the QU.A.L.ITY criteria proposed by the EU. Examples reviewed include the Seaweed Company, Venice Bay, Yokohama Bayside marine, and Chesapeake Bay in the USA. After reviewing these examples, we call on the European Commission to move forward towards certification of blue carbon. If the EU is to lead global climate mitigation efforts, including carbon removal, it should take seaweed blue carbon seriously and include it in its voluntary framework. To enhance the awareness of the relevance and the acceptance of the carbon credits from seaweed, a methodology has to be developed that, building on experiences gained, deals with inherent uncertainties.","PeriodicalId":44823,"journal":{"name":"EuroChoices","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}