Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research最新文献

{"title":"Co-occurrence of Frailty, Possible Sarcopenia, and Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Outpatients: A Multicentre Observational Study.","authors":"Siti Setiati, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Ika Fitriana, Noto Dwimartutie, Rahmi Istanti, Muhammad Khifzhon Azwar, I Gusti Putu Suka Aryana, Sri Sunarti, Agus Sudarso, Dina Aprillia Ariestine, Lazuardhi Dwipa, Novira Widajanti, Nur Riviati, Roza Mulyana, Rensa Rensa, Yudo Murti Mupangati, Fatichati Budiningsih, Nina Kemala Sari","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0144","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The co-occurrence of frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition was well studied in inpatient and nursing home settings, which was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. Multicentre data in community-dwelling outpatient setting were lacking. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty, possible sarcopenia and malnutrition, their overlap and the associated factors in community-dwelling older outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected data from community-dwelling outpatients aged ≥60 years in Indonesian geriatric care centres to conduct this cross-sectional study with bivariate and multivariable analyses. Frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition diagnoses were based on FRAIL scale, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus, and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition in community-dwelling older outpatients were 13.6%, 45.5%, and 5.3%, respectively. The prevalence of co-occurrence of frailty, possible sarcopenia and malnutrition was 3.3%. It was associated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cerebrovascular accident (odds ratio [OR]=5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-20.61), cognitive impairment (OR=3.70, 95% CI 1.21-11.31), and dependent functional capacity (OR=11.62, 95% CI 3.38-39.99). Overlap of three evaluated syndromes was found in 24.1%, 7.2%, and 61.3% of subjects with frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition, respectively. It was characterized by a substantial proportion of female sex, older adults with low educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, and dependent functional status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately 1 in 30 community-dwelling older outpatients had overlapping frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition. The condition is associated with TIA and cerebrovascular accident, cognitive impairment, and dependent functional capacity. Standardized screening in community-dwelling older population is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of Factors Associated with Self-Reported Cane Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Taishiro Kamasaki, Hiroshi Otao, Mizuki Hachiya, Atsuko Kubo, Hiroyuki Okawa, Asuka Sakamoto, Kazuhiko Fujiwara, Kodai Hosaka, Takahiro Kitajima, Suguru Shimokihara, Michio Maruta, Gwanghee Han, Yasuhiro Mizokami, Minoru Kamata, Takayuki Tabira","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0181","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates factors influencing cane use among older adults and identifies most significant determinants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 160 community-dwelling older adults (mean age, 79±7 years) were included in the analysis. Binomial logistic regression analysis was conducted using the presence or absence of cane use as the dependent variable, and the associated factors were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 108 participants (mean age, 77±7 years) in the cane-non-using group and 52 (mean age, 83±6 years) in the cane-using group. Factors associated with the presence or absence of cane use were open-eyed one-leg standing time (odds ratio [OR]=0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.93; p=0.003) and depressed mood (OR=2.78; 95% CI, 1.31-5.91; p=0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Older adults with reduced balance ability and depressive mood need to use a cane. This highlights the need to assess balance ability and depressed mood in prescribing a cane to older adults. Appropriate prescription of canes has the potential to enrich the lives of older adults by contributing to their safe range of activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of the Calf Muscle Circumference is Useful for Diagnosing Sarcopenia in Older Adults Requiring Long-Term Care.","authors":"Ryo Sato, Yohei Sawaya, Tamaki Hirose, Takahiro Shiba, Lu Yin, Shuntaro Tsuji, Masahiro Ishizaka, Tomohiko Urano","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0126","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calf muscle circumference is a potential alternative for measuring skeletal muscle mass. However, the association between calf muscle circumference and sarcopenia and the reliability of sarcopenia diagnosis based on calf muscle circumference have not been well reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the usefulness of calf muscle circumference measurement in the diagnosis of sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from 63 older adults (40 male and 23 female; mean age, 79.7±6.5 years) using day-care rehabilitation. Sarcopenia was defined according to the guidelines of the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019). The association between sarcopenia and calf muscle circumference was determined using multiple regression analysis, and the reliability of sarcopenia diagnosis based on calf muscle circumference was determined using the kappa coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 36.5% (30.4% female and 40.0% male) of the participants had sarcopenia. Calf muscle circumference was independently associated with sarcopenia. The best cutoff points for calf muscle circumference to identify older adults at risk of low skeletal muscle mass were 28.7 cm and 31.1 cm for female and male participants, respectively. Furthermore, the kappa coefficient between sarcopenia diagnosed using calf muscle circumference and that diagnosed using the AWGS 2019 criteria was 0.80.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Calf muscle circumference is independently and significantly associated with sarcopenia in older adults requiring long-term care. Calf muscle circumference is a surrogate for skeletal muscle mass and thus may be used to diagnose sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yubi-Wakka Test for Sarcopenia Screening: Influence of Abdominal Obesity on Diagnostic Performance.","authors":"Melissa Rose Berlin Piodena-Aportadera, Sabrina Lau, Cai Ning Tan, Justin Chew, Jun Pei Lim, Noor Hafizah Ismail, Yew Yoong Ding, Wee Shiong Lim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0150","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sarcopenia on Falls, Mobility Limitation, and Mortality Using the Diagnostic Criteria Proposed in the Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia Guideline.","authors":"Ga Yang Shim, Hak Chul Jang, Ki-Woong Kim, Jae-Young Lim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0131","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The recent published Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (KWGS) guideline includes the concept of functional sarcopenia. The study investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with health-related adverse outcomes defined by the KWGS in community-dwelling older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were sourced from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging, focusing on Koreans 65 aged and above. The definitions of sarcopenia and functional sarcopenia followed the KWGS. The risks of falls, mobility limitation, and death were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 594 participants, 145 (24.4%) were classified as having functional sarcopenia and 129 (12.0%) with sarcopenia. Both showed an increased prevalence with age. Functional sarcopenia had higher risks of mobility limitation (odds ratio [OR]=3.461; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.956-6.121) and mortality (hazard ratio [HR]=1.775; 95% CI, 1.229-2.564). Sarcopenia was associated with falls (OR=7.376; 95% CI, 1.500-36.272), mobility limitation (OR=2.057; 95% CI, 1.172-3.611) and mortality (HR=1.512; 95% CI, 1.054-2.169).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional sarcopenia is a prevalent condition that is associated with mobility limitation and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. This highlights the clinical relevance of functional sarcopenia and supports its inclusion in sarcopenia diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating BMP-7 Level is Independent of Sarcopenia in Older Asian Adults.","authors":"Ahin Choi, Ji Yeon Baek, Eunhye Ji, Il-Young Jang, Hee-Won Jung, So Jeong Park, Yunju Jo, Eunju Lee, Dongryeol Ryu, Beom-Jun Kim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0153","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), renowned for its osteogenic properties, also exerts beneficial effects on muscle metabolism by enhancing myogenesis and reversing muscle atrophy. Despite being proposed as a common regulatory factor for both muscle and bone, the impact of BMP-7 on human muscle health has not been thoroughly investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 182 community-dwelling older adults who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment in South Korea. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using Asian-specific cutoffs, and serum BMP-7 levels were quantified via enzyme immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 72.2±7.3 years, with 62.6% being female. After adjustments for confounders, serum BMP-7 levels were not significantly different between individuals with and without sarcopenia, nor were there differences based on skeletal muscle mass, strength, or physical performance levels (p=0.423 to 0.681). Likewise, no correlations were detected between circulating BMP-7 levels and any sarcopenia assessment metrics such as skeletal muscle index, grip strength, gait speed, or chair stand completion times (p=0.127 to 0.577). No significant associations were observed between increases in serum BMP-7 concentrations and the risk of sarcopenia or poor muscle phenotypes (p=0.431 to 0.712). Stratifying participants into quartiles based on serum BMP-7 levels also indicated no differences in sarcopenia-related parameters (p=0.663 to 0.996).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite experimental evidence supporting BMP-7's role in muscle metabolism, this study found no significant association between serum BMP-7 levels and clinical indicators of muscle health in older adults. These findings challenge the utility of serum BMP-7 as a biomarker for sarcopenia in this demographic.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"75-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Older People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Comorbidity Attending Coordinated Healthcare Services.","authors":"Dikeledi Hilda Selepe, Mygirl Pearl Lowane, Mathildah Mpata Mokgatle","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0106","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older people living with human immunodeficiency virus (OPLWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy are aging and face an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. The burden is costly and demands sustainable care for HIV comorbidity. The aim is to understand the experiences of OPLWHIV comorbidity attending healthcare services.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 28 reviewed articles focused on experiences of OPLWHIV comorbidity attending healthcare services. The scoping review employed content analysis. A literature search was conducted on databases like PubMed, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and Subnet. Articles were restricted to English and published between 2013 and 2024. The study population included 50-85 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OPLWHIV comorbidity needs standardized, coordinated, and resourced healthcare services because of the unique difficulties of older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OPLWHIV comorbidity experienced difficulties accessing coordinated services addressing complex pharmacoeconomics and psycho-social issues in resourced primary health care institutions, with promotive and preventive care to strengthen the healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impairment in Activities of Daily Living and Related Factors in Older Adults with Severe Lumbar Spinal Stenosis before Hospitalization.","authors":"Daigo Ishizuka, Susumu Nozaki, Hiroshi Minezaki, Tsuyoshi Ota, Yasuyoshi Asakawa","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0128","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) impairs activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Factors associated with ADL impairment in LSS have not been identified. This study aimed to ascertain the pre-admission living conditions in older adults with LSS and investigate the factors associated with impairment in ADL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 261 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years with LSS, scheduled for surgery were included. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to assess ADL impairment. The Life-Space Assessment was used to assess the extent and frequency of outings. Pain, numbness, continuous walking distance, and health-related quality of life as psychosomatic functions. Falls self-efficacy and the degree of social isolation were assessed as social life status. Factors associated with ADL impairment were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were found in psychosomatic functioning, living space, and falls self-efficacy depending on the presence or absence of ADL impairment. The ODI sub-components showed a stronger degree of impairment in pain intensity, walking, standing, and social life. There were significant differences in the frequency of going outside the home and inside the neighborhood, ADL impairment was shown to affect the frequency of outings within close proximity to their lives. Numbness was associated with ADL impairment (odds ratio=1.2; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.4).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assessing the degree of numbness is important in predicting ADL impairment in older adults with LSS. Additionally, assessing the living conditions and taking an appropriate approach before admission can help prevent ADL impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Delphi consensus on the domains and conduct of brief geriatric assessments in Singapore.","authors":"Jonathan Gao, Penny Lun, Lay Khoon Lau, Woan Shin Tan, Edward Tan, Wee Shiong Lim, Reshma Aziz Merchant, Laura Tay, Yew Yoong Ding","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.24.0198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a process supporting a multidimensional assessment of the health and well-being of older adults and leads to the development of long-term personalized care plans. CGA is resource intensive, hence shorter forms such as brief geriatric assessments (BGA) could be alternatives. However, little is known about BGA's implementability in community and primary care settings. To understand the core requirements for BGA in Singapore's community and primary care settings, an electronic two-round Delphi study with Singaporean clinical experts was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Statements were informed by a previous scoping review and three study advisors. Statements related to: (i) target population, (ii) essential domains and sub-domains, and (iii) approach to BGA administration and implementation. Sixteen participants identified as experts in geriatric or family medicine were invited. Consensus was defined a priori as 75% agreement and an interquartile range of ≤ 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen participants responded, and 45/72 and 11/31 statements reached consensus in round one and two respectively. Round two contained statements that did not reach consensus and were modified or added based on feedback. Participants agreed on: (a) targeting selected older adults for BGA to identify geriatric syndromes, (b) physical, psychological, function, mobility/balance, and social status as domains to assess for BGA, and (c) healthcare professionals administering BGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest using BGA to identify high-risk older adults for CGA, potentially saving resources. Additional research is needed to determine identification of older adults for BGA, and feasibility of interventions for older adults after a BGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase angle following intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation and oral protein supplementation in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.","authors":"Jungho Shin, Jae Hyeon Park, Jae Yoon Park, Ran-Hui Cha","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.24.0108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Therefore, a convenient and reliable method of monitoring muscle health is required. This study identified the utility of the phase angle (PhA) to estimate muscle health, and evaluated its changes following intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and oral nutritional supplement interventions in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post-hoc analysis was conducted using data obtained from a 12-week multicenter randomized trial that examined the effects of NMES and protein supplementation. The participants were divided into four groups according to intradialytic NMES and protein supplementation. The PhA, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were measured every 4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 59 participants completed the study. PhA values were linearly associated with muscle mass and muscle strength. Additionally, high PhA levels indicated fast gait speed and shortened timed up-and-go (TUG) results. We further evaluated the association between the PhA slope and muscle health-related parameters. In participants with the PhA slope <0° over 12 weeks, TUG results worsened over time, relative to those with a slope ≥0° over 12 weeks, independent of age, sex, diabetes, and body mass index. NMES did not improve the PhA values over time; however, protein supplementation tended to increase the PhA values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PhA is a reliable marker for estimating and monitoring muscle health in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, and a strong association exists between PhA and TUG results.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}