Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Activities of Daily Living: Current Insights and Future Horizons.","authors":"Jin-Ho Kim, Seok Bum Lee","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0172","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activities of daily living (ADL) assessments are crucial for evaluating functional independence and formulating care strategies for older adults. However, the existing tools encounter challenges, including cultural bias, subjectivity, and limited sensitivity to subtle changes in functional abilities. This review examines these limitations across basic, instrumental, and extended ADL categories and explores the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, sensor-based systems, and remote monitoring tools, to address these gaps. Technological advancements have the potential to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and inclusivity of ADL assessment by providing objective data, supporting real-time evaluations, and enabling personalized care plans. By bridging the gap between traditional methods and innovative technologies, this review highlights a pathway for more equitable and effective assessments, ensuring that older adults across diverse contexts receive tailored support to maintain their independence and improve their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"143-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoalbuminemia as an Unusual Presentation of Undiagnosed Atypical Celiac Disease in an 84-Year-Old Woman.","authors":"Filip Ernoić, Marko Vodanović, Ana Maria Vrga, Marinko Marušić, Filip Sedlić, Krešimir Luetić","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0154","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy that is precipitated by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Gastrointestinal symptoms and signs of malabsorption characterize a classical form of the disease, while patients with nonclassical celiac disease lack significant gastrointestinal symptoms. We report an uncommon case of celiac disease in an 84-year-old oligosymptomatic female with a recently treated colon tumor, diagnosed during the investigation of profound hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia. In this case, two factors could have been misleading about the cause of hypoalbuminemia: malignant tumor and advanced age. Since the oncological disease was in remission, and the albumin concentration in the healthy elderly people in the community usually exceeds 38 g/L until after the age of 90, we pursued an alternative cause, leading to the diagnosis of celiac disease. Even in the absence of intestinal symptoms, advanced age, or other diagnoses, celiac disease should be considered a potential differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with hypoalbuminemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"265-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Slow Deep Breathing on Cardiopulmonary Function, Physical Performance, Biochemical Parameters, and Stress in Older Adult Patients with Long COVID in Phayao, Thailand.","authors":"Tichanon Promsrisuk, Arunrat Srithawong, Ratchaniporn Kongsui, Napatr Sriraksa, Sitthisak Thongrong, Chiraphat Kloypan, Nattha Muangritdech, Kit Khunkitti, Thanakorn Thanawat, Petcharaporn Chachvarat","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0175","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long coronavirus disease (COVID) poses significant challenges for older adult patients, affecting their cardiopulmonary function and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate the effects of slow deep breathing exercises on cardiopulmonary function, physical performance, biochemical markers, oxidative stress, and stress levels in older adult patients with long COVID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty older adult patients with long COVID were randomly assigned to an exercise group of 30 patients and a control group of 30 patients. The exercise group engaged in slow deep breathing exercises for 30 minutes, five times a week over a period of 8 weeks, while the control group maintained their usual activities. Cardiovascular parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory muscle strength (RMS), pulmonary function tests (PFT), physical performance, biochemical and oxidative stress markers, and stress levels were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The exercise group showed significant reductions in cardiovascular parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate). Additionally, RMS, PFT, and physical performance showed significant increases. Improvements were also observed in HRV, biochemical markers (fasting blood sugar and lipid profile), oxidative stress markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde), and stress levels. In contrast, no significant changes were found in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Slow deep breathing exercises, as a non-pharmacological intervention, significantly improve cardiopulmonary function, physical performance, and various health markers in older adult patients with long COVID. This approach provides a valuable and accessible therapeutic option for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"240-253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intervention Effects of the Holistic Physio-Cognitive Rehabilitation for Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.","authors":"Aiko Osawa, Shinichiro Maeshima, Masaki Kamiya, Ikue Ueda, Naoki Itoh, Izumi Kondo, Hidenori Arai","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0158","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive decline in dementia often leads to impaired activities of daily living (ADL), which worsens as the condition progresses. Although a complex rehabilitation program that includes exercise, cognitive tasks, and family guidance improves physical ability in people with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the effects on cognitive function and ADL remain unclear. We conducted this study to clarify this point.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted at the outpatient rehabilitation department of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan. It analyzed 50 MCI and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients who participated in a holistic physico-cognitive rehabilitation (HPCR) program. The control group consisted of 50 patients matched by age, gender, disease, and Barthel Index (BI) from 963 MCI and AD patients who did not undergo HPCR. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and ADL was evaluated with the BI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed a significant decline in MMSE scores after 1 year. However, the intervention group maintained its ADL function, while the control group experienced a significant reduction in BI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HPCR, combining exercise therapy and cognitive training, may help maintain ADL in patients with MCI and AD despite cognitive decline. This study suggests that rehabilitation plays a crucial role in sustaining daily functioning in dementia care.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":"29 2","pages":"207-212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144545403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Delphi Consensus on the Domains and Conduct of Brief Geriatric Assessments in Singapore.","authors":"Jonathan Gao, Penny Lun, Lay Khoon Lau, Woan Shin Tan, Edward Tan, Wee Shiong Lim, Reshma Aziz Merchant, Laura Tay, Yew Yoong Ding","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0198","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a process supporting a multidimensional assessment of the health and well-being of older adults and leads to the development of long-term personalized care plans. CGA is resource intensive, hence shorter forms such as brief geriatric assessments (BGA) could be alternatives. However, little is known about BGA's implementability in community and primary care settings. To understand the core requirements for BGA in Singapore's community and primary care settings, an electronic two-round Delphi study with Singaporean clinical experts was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Statements were informed by a previous scoping review and three study advisors. Statements related to target population, essential domains and sub-domains, and approach to BGA administration and implementation. Sixteen participants identified as experts in geriatric or family medicine were invited. Consensus was defined a priori as 75% agreement and an interquartile range of ≤1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen participants responded, and 45/72 and 11/31 statements reached consensus in Round 1 and Round 2, respectively. Round 2 contained statements that did not reach consensus and were modified or added based on feedback. Participants agreed on targeting selected older adults for BGA to identify geriatric syndromes; physical, psychological, function, mobility/balance, and social status as domains to assess for BGA; and healthcare professionals administering BGA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest using BGA to identify high-risk older adults for CGA, potentially saving resources. Additional research is needed to determine identification of older adults for BGA, and feasibility of interventions for older adults after a BGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of the Intensity of Heart Failure Medications among Hospitalized Older Adults: A Pilot Qualitative Study.","authors":"Nuzha A Amjad, Saeed Shoar, Catherine Bryant, Meghan Hunt, Min Ji Kwak","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0182","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guidelines for heart failure (HF) management recommend high target doses for medications. These targets are based on standardized dosing regimens that rarely consider the complex challenges faced by older patients. However, little is known about such challenges perceived by older adults. We assessed older adults' perceived challenges with HF medication utilization, which may guide a more patient-centered definition of the target intensity for HF medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a pilot qualitative study using one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with older adults. We included patients over the age of 65 years admitted to the acute cardiac care units (cardiac intensive care unit or cardiac intermediate care unit) with a known diagnosis of HF. We conducted a deductive and inductive thematic analysis based on a prior conceptual framework for the Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life tool. Subthemes and themes were finalized with two other coders who were study investigators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten patients were enrolled in the study. Six major themes were identified in the perception of challenges of HF medication utilization. The most common themes were experiencing adverse drug effects (80%) and psychological distress (80%), followed by problems in logistics (70%), the burden from the number of medications (70%), impact from patient-doctor relations (70%), and burden from the cost (40%). Conclusions: The results from this pilot study provide preliminary insight into the perceived challenges of HF medication utilization and the distinctive ways the treatment burden is experienced by patients. These results will need validation in larger studies and different patient settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143411141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Where is the Care for the Sense of Isolation of Hospitalized Older Adults?","authors":"Yeo Ju Lee","doi":"10.4235/agmr.25.0060","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.25.0060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"272-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus.","authors":"Seung-Kyu Lim, Jaewon Beom, Sang Yoon Lee, Kyunghoon Min, Seong-Eun Byun, Yonghan Cha, Jun Hwan Choi, Jung-Yeon Choi, Jae-Young Han, Hak-Chul Jang, Hee-Won Jung, Kwang-Il Kim, Younji Kim, Young-Sang Kim, Jong Hwa Lee, Jong In Lee, Seung Yeol Lee, Kil-Byung Lim, Bumjo Oh, Sae-Jong Park, Ga Yang Shim, Wook Song, Chang Won Won, Jun-Il Yoo, Seung Don Yoo, Jae-Young Lim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.25.0070","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.25.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite updated sarcopenia guidelines, inconsistent protocols still cause clinical confusion and may compromise diagnostic and outcome accuracy. This Delphi study aimed to establish expert consensus to support the standardization of muscle strength and physical performance assessments for sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted with 26 experts in geriatrics and sarcopenia. Participants completed two rounds of anonymous questionnaires evaluating 39 items across seven domains using a nine-point Likert scale or choice-based questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 27 of 38 statements (71.1%) reached consensus across two rounds Experts supported further standardization of assessments in alignment with the Asian and Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS and KWGS) guidelines. For handgrip strength, consensus was achieved on using both mechanical and hydraulic dynamometers, hydraulic protocols, value selection, measurement time, and positioning, but not on mechanical protocols, repetitions, recovery intervals, repetitions, or unified cutoff values. For calf circumference, consensus was reached on measurement position, method, and value selection, but not on guideline application. In gait speed assessment, agreement was reached on speed, repetitions, assistive device use, and equipment type, but not on value selection, distance, acceleration/deceleration phases, or device interchangeability. For the 400-m walk test, the KWGS guideline and speed were endorsed. Chair stand test (CST) and Timed up-and-go (TUG) test reached consensus on armrest use, value selection, and repetitions, but not on seat height, (CST), or speed (TUG).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights areas of agreement and ongoing uncertainty, supporting future standardization efforts sarcopenia assessment methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"185-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the Health Status of Older Adults in Community and Hospital Cohorts.","authors":"Ji Yeon Lee, Kwang Joon Kim, Jong Eun Kim, Young Mi Yun, Eun Seo Sun, Chang Oh Kim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0199","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults frequently utilize healthcare services across diverse medical settings to maintain continuity of care. However, data from the hospital records of older adults is often not linked to their health status in community settings, preventing a full understanding of their healthcare needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to compare the multidimensional health status (i.e., self-rated health, depression, physical function/activity, mobility, nutrition, lifestyle factors, blood laboratory, and diseases) of older adults between community and hospital cohorts. The goal was to identify the potential health problems of older adults and establish a preventive care system. Secondary analysis was conducted using data obtained from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly study for the community cohort and outpatient patients from a single tertiary hospital for the hospital cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using age- and sex-matched propensity score matching, 550 older adults were selected equally from the two cohorts. Logistic regression was performed to predict the health status of the two groups. The health status of the community and hospital cohorts differed in several health domains. The hospital cohort group had more risk of depression, impairment in instrumental activities of daily living, and malnutrition. The hospital cohort group had lower alcohol intake and albumin, and higher glucose levels. The hospital group also had a higher prevalence of stroke and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the need to provide multidimensional healthcare services that consider the deterioration of multiple health conditions in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12215017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144081235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with the Patient Safety Activities among Home-Visit Caregiver: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Soon-Hee Cho, Sujin Kang, Youngji Kim","doi":"10.4235/agmr.24.0159","DOIUrl":"10.4235/agmr.24.0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Home-visit care should prioritize patient safety and promote positive safety awareness to maintain caregivers&apos; commitment to providing safe care. This descriptive study aims to examine the relationship between home-visit caregivers&apos; knowledge, attitudes, awareness of patient safety, and safety-related activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The participants were 210 adult home-visit caregivers, aged 20 years or older, with more than six months of experience working at six long-term care centers in Daejeon Metropolitan City. Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire to measure participants' general characteristics and their patient safety knowledge, attitudes, awareness, and activities, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN version 28.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study demonstrated that patient safety activities were significantly positively correlated with patient safety knowledge (r=0.63, p˂0.001), patient safety attitude (r=0.49, p ˂0.001), and patient safety awareness (r=0.69, p˂0.001). The factors affecting patient safety activities were patient safety awareness and patient safety knowledge, with an explanatory power of 55%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To practice patient safety activities and maintain a desirable attitude, an educational strategy that promotes cognitive change, such as a systematic and continuous practice-oriented campaign, is needed. Furthermore, efforts to improve the working environment to extend the tenure of experienced caregivers are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":44729,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research","volume":" ","pages":"159-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12214990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}