Journal of Public Health in Africa最新文献

{"title":"Diet behavior and consumption of iron inhibitors: Incidence anemia in adolescent girls.","authors":"Erna Kusuma Wati, Colti Sistiarani, Setiyowati Rahardjo","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2593","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the strategies to prevent adolescent girls anemia through efforts to identify the factors that cause anemia. Adolescent girls are are prospective mothers who must prepare physically, mentally, with good knowledge so that they do not experience anemia during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. Quantitative approach used to identify factors that influence anemia in adolescent girls. Research variables are menstrual period, knowledge, diet attitudes and behavior, perception of body image, role of friends in prevention of anemia, role, exposure to information, consumption of iron, consumption of inhibitors and iron enhancers. The population of this research is young women aged 12-19 years. The taking technique by simple random sampling was amount 100, Data analysis was univariate, bivariate (chi square) and multivariate (linear regression). The results showed that the prevalence of anemia was 20%. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was obtained a P-value of 0.005 (<0.05) meaning that there was an influence on adolescent dietary behavior, the role of adolescents in preventing anemia and the consumption of iron inhibitors on the incidence of anemia. Anemia in young girls. There is an influence of eating behavior in female adolescents, the role of female adolescents in preventing anemia and consumption of iron inhibitors on the occurrence of anemia in female adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 11","pages":"2593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multilevel analysis of the predictors of diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Eswatini.","authors":"Maswati S Simelane, Kerry Vermaak","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1149","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diarrhea remains a public health challenge and persistently affect children under 5 years of age, primarily in developing countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of individual, household and community level factors on child diarrhea. Using combined data 2010 and 2014 Eswatini Multiple Indicator Cluster surveys, data for 4,363 under five children was analysed. Univariable, bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression models were used for data analysis. We found that the prevalence of diarrhea was 16.2%, (95% confidence interval (CI): 15.3-18.1). Higher odds of diarrhea were observed among children aged 6-11 months (AOR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.93, 3.71) and 12-23 months (AOR=2.12, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.87) compared to those aged less than 6 months. However, lower odds of diarrhea were observed among children aged 36-47 months (AOR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.97) and 48-59 months (AOR=0.39, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.58), compared to children aged less than 6 months. Children born to mothers aged 35-39 years had lower odds of having diarrhea, (AOR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.30, 0.79) compared to those born to mothers aged 15-19 years. Higher odds of having diarrhea were observed among children from communities with a low proportion of households with improved toilet facility (AOR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.66) compared to those from communities with a high proportion of households with improved toilet facility. We found that individual- and community-level factors were associated with child diarrhea in Eswatini. Programmes and policies that aim to mitigate child morbidity due to diarrhea should pay attention to the individual and community factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 11","pages":"1149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newspaper depiction of mental illness in Nigeria.","authors":"Joshua A Erubami, Paul Bebenimibo, Gregory H Ezeah, Omanwa I Muobike","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1527","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental illness is fast becoming a leading cause of global disease burden, yet this aspect of public health remains highly neglected in Nigeria. The public relies on newspapers for diverse information needs and the way newspapers portray mental illness-related issues tends to sway public perception of such ailments. This study examined the level of media attention and prime discursive resources utilized by newspapers to depict mental illness-related issues from 2015 to 2019. Using a qualitative approach and ethnographic design, the study analyzed the manifest contents of three major Nigerian national newspapers selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data collection was done using a coding spreadsheet that reflected relevant content categories and units of analysis. Of the 920 health articles analyzed, only 79 (8.6%) articles discussed mental illness. Also, 84.8% of all mental illness-related articles were tucked in the inside pages of the newspapers and 58.2% of the stories were reported using the conventional straight news. The negative themes of suicide (36.7%) and substance abuse (32.9%) were the prime discursive resources that echoed in many of the analyzed articles. Overall, mental illness-related issues were grossly under-reported by Nigerian newspapers when compared to other health issues, and wrong media depiction of the problem remains a risk factor. Hence, Nigerian newspapers must strive toward setting better agenda that will actuate necessary policy actions from health stakeholders by providing adequate coverage and positive representation of mental illness-related issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 11","pages":"1527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectations and experiences of urban and rural in-school adolescents of adolescent reproductive health services in Oyo State.","authors":"Oluwatosin Ruth Ilori, Sunday Olakunle Olarewaju, Phillip Oluwatobi Awodutire, Oluwatosin Stephen Ilori, James Olusegun Bamidele","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2211","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive health information and services are fundamental to health, well-being and opportunities for women and young people, yet throughout the world, women and youths do not have access to quality reproductive health care thereby exposing them to unplanned pregnancy, teen birth, induced abortion as well as increased exposure to sexually transmitted diseases, HIV inclusive. This study is meant to explore the expectation of adolescents of an adolescent reproductive health services as well as to assess the experiences of those who had visited an ARHS at the centers. It was a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study, analytic in design using a multistage sampling technique where 452 secondary school pupils in both rural and urban communities were interviewed using a pretested validated questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Chi square was used to test for association between both rural and urban adolescents in issues relating to their expectation and experiences, with P-value of <0.05. More of the respondents in the urban communities (73,32.4%) have the expectation that Adolescent Reproductive Health Services (ARHS) should be provided in an existing health service with special attention to adolescents while a larger percentage of those who preferred a special adolescent health institution were from the rural communities (122, 54.2%) which was statistically significant with a P-value of 0.001. More of respondents from the rural communities also expect that contraception services should be provided in an ARHS center while life skill services are expected by more of the respondents from the urban communities (122, 55.6%). More of the rural community respondents (57,25.3%) expect that fee at the ARHS centers should be provided at a subsidized rate while more of the urban dwellers have the expectation that services provided should be free of charge. For respondents who had been to an ARHS center, more of the urban respondents were attended to by a Medical doctor and a large percentage (34, 94.4%) of those who had visited ARHS center before professed to be satisfied with the services rendered there. Expectations from adolescents from ARHS are very high. However, most of them prefer a free of charge service as well as a service area nearer to residential area. Confidentiality and having a young health professional at the service centers cannot be overemphasized in the provision of quality ARHS.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 11","pages":"2211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment on the implementation of same day antiretroviral therapy initiation in eThekwini clinics, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.","authors":"Sabina M Govere, Tawanda Manyangadze, Chester Kalinda, Moses J Chimbari","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2179","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends same-day initiation (SDI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all individuals diagnosed with HIV irrespective of CD4+ count or clinical stage. Implementation of program is still far from reaching its goals. This study assessed the level of implementation of same day ART initiation. A longitudinal study was conducted at four primary healthcare clinics in eThekwini municipality KwaZulu-Natal. Data was collected between June 2020 to October 2020 using a data extraction form. Data on individuals tested HIV positive, number of SDI of ART; and clinicians working on UTT program were compiled from clinic registers, and Three Interlinked Electronic Registers.Net (TIER.Net). Non-governmental organisations (NGO) supporting the facility and services information was collected. Among the 403 individuals who tested HIV positive, 279 (69.2%) were initiated on ART on the same day of HIV diagnosis from the four facilities. There was a significant association between health facility and number of HIV positive individuals initiated on SDI (chi-square=10.59; P-value=0.008). There was a significant association between facilities with support from all NGOs and ART SDI (chi-square=10.18; P-value=0.015. There was a significant association between staff provision in a facility and SDI (chi-square=7.51; P-value=0.006). Urban areas clinics were more likely to have high uptake of SDI compared to rural clinics (chi-square=11,29; P-value=0.003). Implementation of the Universal Test and Treat program varies by facility indicating the need for the government to monitor and standardize implementation of the policy if the program is to yield success.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 11","pages":"2179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139075367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The New Africa Digital Health Deal","authors":"J. Nsengimana, Jean Kaseya","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2865","url":null,"abstract":"Not available.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Africa's healthcare future: the crucial role of human capital development in bio- and pharmaceutical manufacturing","authors":"M. Mynhardt, C. Mwila, M. Habtemariam, A. Tshangela, Mar Martinez, Ngashi Ngongo, Jean Kaseya, Nicaise Ndembi","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2866","url":null,"abstract":"Not available.","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"19 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139255008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting a healthier future: Africa CDC's strategic approach towards strengthening the health workforce of the African continent","authors":"Tiruneh Baye, Haftom Taame, Raji Tajudeen","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2864","url":null,"abstract":"The health workforce plays a vital role in any healthcare system, underscored by the strong correlation between a higher density of skilled professionals and improved health outcomes. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, and other disease emergencies have highlighted the acute shortage of health personnel in Africa. While progress has been made since 2013, but the global healthcare workforce deficit remained at 15 million in 2020, projected to decrease to 10 million by 2030 [...].","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"97 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continental concerted efforts to control the seventh outbreak of Ebola Virus disease in Uganda: The first 90 days of the response.","authors":"Jane Ruth Aceng, Henry Kyobe Bosa, Neema Kamara, Diana Atwine, Henry Mwebesa, Howard Nyika, Katusiime Maureen, Charles Olaro, Atek Kagirita, Mohammed Larmode, Lul Pout Riek, Elvis Temfack, Stephanie Salyer, Dativa Aliddeki, Shingai Machingaidze, Festo Mazuguni, Bruce Kirenga, Winters Muttamba, Misaki Wayengera, Mudashir Bbuye, Arthur Kasambula, Daniel Eurien, Akello Grace, Ingrid Ampaire, Isabirye Herbert, Mathew Tut, Donewell Bangure, Wessam Mankoula, Ibrahima Sonko, Alinon Nouwame Kokou, Simon Magodi, Addis Mhiraf, Daniel Bulwadda, Daniel Kyabayinze, Zainah Kabami, Allan Muruta, Rony Bahatungire, Upentho George, Susan Nabadda, Gloria Birungi, Kabanda Richard, Merawi Aragaw, Ahmed Ogwell Ouma","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2735","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.2735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 20th September 2022, Uganda declared the 7th outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by the Sudan Ebola strain following the confirmation of a case admitted at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital. Upon confirmation, the Government of Uganda immediately activated the national incident management system to initiate response activities. Additionally, a multi-country emergency stakeholder meeting was held in Kampala; convening Ministers of Health from neighbouring Member States to undertake cross-border preparedness and response actions. The outbreak spanned 69 days and recorded 164 cases (142 confirmed, 22 probable), 87 recoveries and 77 deaths (case fatality ratio of 47%). Nine out of 136 districts were affected with transmission taking place in 5 districts but spilling over in 4 districts without secondary transmission. As part of the response, the Government galvanised robust community mobilisation and initiated assessment of medical counter measures including therapeutics, new diagnostics and vaccines. This paper highlights the response actions that contributed to the containment of this outbreak in addition to the challenges faced with a special focus on key recommendations for better control of future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 9","pages":"2735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/aa/jpha-14-9-2735.PMC10594597.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research ethics during infectious disease outbreaks: A survey of African research stakeholders using the Ebola virus disease outbreak as a case.","authors":"Raji Tajudeen,&nbsp;Blessing Silaigwana,&nbsp;Alexei Yavlinsky,&nbsp;Sarah Jl Edwards","doi":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1632","DOIUrl":"10.4081/jphia.2023.1632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conducting research during disease outbreaks can be ethically challenging as evidenced in the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa and COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, there has been little empirical research conducted for understanding the views and perspectives of different stakeholders regarding ethical issues in conducting research during disease outbreaks. This preliminary study was conducted to empirically explore African public health research stakeholders' views about research ethics issues during infectious disease outbreaks in Africa. We conducted an online survey of 330 participants attending the International Conference on Re-emerging and Emerging Infectious Disease (ICREID) meeting that took place from 13-15 March 2019 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to elicit their views on various research ethics complexities experienced in the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Study results revealed some divergent views on several ethical themes including: <i>ethics of using unregistered interventions in outbreaks;</i> <i>acceptable study design; ethics review processes; risks-benefit assessment</i>; <i>exclusion of pregnant women and children</i>; and <i>biological sample and data sharing</i>. Majority (76.3%) of respondents felt that in the absence of available standard treatments or prevention modalities, the use of investigational interventions can be ethically justifiable if there is a strong scientific rationale and favorable risk-benefit ratio. Regarding conventional placebo-controlled trials during outbreaks with high case fatality rates, respondents that considered this unethical were more than three times those that felt such design were ethically justifiable. We were somewhat surprised that a majority (almost 60%) of respondents were satisfied with the exclusion of pregnant women and children in clinical trials during outbreaks. All respondents concurred with the prioritization of informed consent for research during an outbreak. Based on our findings, research ethics guidance is needed to equip research stakeholders in dealing with ethical complexities arising in the conduct of research during emerging disease outbreaks-especially regarding using experimental interventions; placebo trial design; inclusion or justified exclusion of pregnant women and children; and biological sample/data sharing. The findings will be used in ongoing efforts of developing a consultative and coherent African-centric framework to support ethical conduct of research for future emerging infectious disease outbreaks in Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"14 9","pages":"1632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/7d/jpha-14-9-1632.PMC10594595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50163192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}