Journal of Public Health in Africa最新文献

{"title":"Improving transparency in malaria programme funds: A business case for connected diagnostics in Kenya.","authors":"Charlotte M Dieteren, Emmanuel Milimo, Angela Siteyi, Shannen van Duijn, Leon Stijvers, Lilyana Dayo, Gregory Ganda, Tobias F Rinke de Wit","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.653","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>International vertical health financing programmes risk functioning in parallel with existing domestic funding in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to inefficient service delivery and concomitant poor health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We assessed the opportunities offered by digitalised diagnostics (ConnDx) to target and monitor health funds to those in need objectively and transparently.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>ConnDx was rolled out in five private health facilities in Kisumu, Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ConnDx process was codeveloped with the local Department of Health of Kisumu. We used the quantitative data generated by ConnDx. We also calculated the costs for ConnDx and standard care to assess potential cost reductions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 2199 malaria cases were detected among 11 689 patients with fever. ConnDx allowed for the identification of malaria hotspots, semi-real-time assessment of patient health seeking behaviour across facilities and insights in doctor's prescription behaviours. Based on these insights, we estimated a 25% reduction in costs can be realised, while simultaneously better quality indicators can be monitored.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The concept of ConnDx can be used for any medical condition that can be diagnosed in a digital manner and linked to mobile payment systems. The generated data can contribute to better quality services for individual patients while at the same time support local health policy makers and managers for more targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The ConnDx approach can help decision makers in LMICs to channel disease-specific funds to the right patients for the right disease at the right time, which can potentially accelerate the way to universal health coverage.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publishing in the <i>Journal of Public Health in Africa</i>: Advancing research for future pandemics.","authors":"Kumba Seddu, Nicaise Ndembi","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.869","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"869"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved cholera control in Kenya: A retrospective analysis of 2017-2019 in Nairobi and Homabay.","authors":"Kyeng Mercy, Ganesh Pokhariyal, Noah T Fongwen, Nicaise Ndembi, Lucy Kivuti-Bitok","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.741","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kenya has recorded at least 38 678 cases and 695 deaths over the last decade, and costing on average $2.2 million annually. From 2014 to 2016, the country experienced one of the deadliest and largest outbreak. However, between 2017 and 2020, there was a decline in the number of reported cases and deaths.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study seeks to reveal the investments made post the 2014-2016 outbreak and highlight existing gaps that need to be addressed to stop the resurgence of cholera outbreaks in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in two counties: Homabay and Nairobi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an observational study. Data were collected from 20 health facilities (involved in cholera control, during the study), 9 key informant interviews (KII) and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found improvement such as: dissemination of standard operating procedures, aligned reporting system, field epidemiology programme, establishment of a public health emergency operating centre and improved partner coordination. On the other hand, 12 of the selected 20 (60%) facilities had no prior training before government financing and laboratory capacity was sub-optimal: 13 (65%) facilities had no prior training, 16 (20%) had no operational laboratory plan and 10 (50%) had inadequate laboratory test kits and reagents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights that Kenya has experienced an improvement in specific core capacities.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>For Kenya to completely flatten the curve, there is need for more sustainable investment and government's commitment in health system strengthening.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanitarian strategies for tackling public health crises in conflict zones in Africa.","authors":"Mehad Nasreldin, Tamrat Shaweno, Nebiyu Dereje, Nicaise Ndembi","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.824","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High immunity and low mortality after Omicron and mass event in Cameroon despite low vaccination.","authors":"Yap Boum, Lucrece Matchim, Dominique K Guimsop, Bongkiyung D Buri, Lisa M Bebell, Yuya S F Jaudel, Fai K G Njuwa, Daniel B Danirla, Eric Youm, Rodrigue Ntone, Claudric Roosevelt Tchame, Dora Tchiasso, Rachelle Essaka, Justin B Eyong, Audrey Ngosso, Herwin Nanda, Nsaibirni R Fondze, Mark Ndifon Ndifon, Lucrèce Eteki, Yonta F C Ghislain, Bruno Yannick Eyenga Messi, Hamadou Moustapha, Moustafa Hamdja, René Ghislain Essomba, Nadia Mandeng, Tamakloe A K Modeste, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kani Bisseck, Sara Irène Eyangoh, Richard Njouom, Marie Claire Okomo, Linda Esso, Epee Emilienne, Georges-Alain Etoundi Mballa","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.649","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunity in African communities.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluated changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, mortality and vaccination status in Cameroon between August 2021 and September 2022 to begin describing the evolution of the pandemic in Africa.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted across Cameroon's 10 regional capitals, between 2021 and 2022 as the country hosted a mass gathering.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey in 2022, including SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence testing and retrospective mortality estimation using two-stage cluster sampling. We estimated and compared seroprevalence and crude mortality rates (CMR) to a survey conducted in 2021 using the same methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We performed serologic testing on 8400 individuals and collected mortality data from 22 314 individuals. Approximately 5% in each survey reported SARS-CoV-2-vaccination. Rapid diagnostic test-based seroprevalence increased from 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10-12.5) to 59.8% (95% CI: 58.3-61.2) between 2021 and 2022, despite no increase in the proportion vaccinated. The CMR decreased from 0.17 to 0.06 deaths per 10 000 persons per day between 2021 and 2022. In 2022, no deaths were reportedly attributable to COVID-19 as compared to 17 deaths in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over a 12-month period encompassing two waves of omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 and a mass gathering, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in Cameroon approached 60%, and deaths declined despite low vaccination coverage.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study challenges the assumption that high immunisation coverage is the sole determinant of epidemic control in the African context and encourages policymakers to increasingly rely on local research when designing response strategies for more effective outbreak management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are there ecological and seasonal factors influencing the resurgence of mpox in Africa?","authors":"Nicaise Ndembi, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Banda Khalifa, Mazyanga L Mazaba, Morẹ Nikẹ O Foláyan","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.823","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"823"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142795970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors for vaccine hesitancy among nursing students in Namibia.","authors":"Rebekka N Gabriel, Alfeus D Kashiva, Ottilie N Shikesho","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.683","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a priority group targeted for vaccination because they are greatly exposed to infectious agents.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and associated risk factors for vaccine hesitancy to recommend vaccine uptake strategies among student nurses.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was carried out at the University of Namibia, main campus in Windhoek.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a proportionate stratified sampling method. The total sample for the study was 509 students. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 29 was used to analyse data. Frequencies and proportions were calculated. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to pronounce the predictors for vaccine hesitancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 31.40% students were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of the vaccinated, 41.80% (<i>p <</i> 0.001) were previously infected with COVID-19. Participants who were not HCWs before nursing school were most likely not to be vaccinated (<i>p <</i> 0.001). Most unvaccinated students were hesitant because of a lack of information about the COVID-19 vaccine's side effects (50.36%) and not knowing its effectiveness (38.13%). A total 60.80% of the participants believed a vaccine was needed to overcome the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We recommend the creation of targeted awareness campaigns that shed more light on the benefits of vaccination and vaccine side effects.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study identifies key factors that can be targeted to change student nurses' behaviour towards vaccination and offers valuable data that can inform preparedness and response strategies for future pandemics in Namibia and similar regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and factors associated with focused antenatal care in Guinea: Analysis of the DHS 2018.","authors":"Maimouna Baldé, Jean B D Loua, Tiany Sidibé, Fanta Barry, Bienvenu S Camara, Ramata Diallo, Madeleine Toure, Kaba S Keita, Sadan Camara, Mamadou D Balde","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.505","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Guinea, despite women's recourse to antenatal care (ANC), little remains known about the use of focused antenatal care (FANC), contained in the ANC package.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency and factors associated with FANC, using data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2018.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in Guinea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a secondary analysis of data from the DHS conducted in 2018 in Guinea. It included all women who achieved at least one ANC visit in the last 2 years prior to the survey. Multivariate logistic regression was received to identify factors associated with FANC. Stata 16 software was used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study shows that in Guinea, between 2016 and 2018 only 33% of women undergoing ANC received a FANC. The most commonly used service was blood pressure measurement (93%), while the least commonly used service was deworming (42%). Factors associated with FANC were living in the Kindia region (odds ratio = 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.97); not intending to become pregnant for this pregnancy; belonging to a poor household; and having made 3, 4 or more ANC visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reports a low proportion of women receiving the full package of ANC.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>In order to improve this indicator, greater efforts need to be made in certain regions of the country to target pregnant women who achieve fewer ANC visits, carry pregnancies that were not intentional or belong to poorer households.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Cameroon between 2021 and 2022.","authors":"Dora Tchiasso, Patricia Mendjime, Karl Njuwa Fai, Brenda S Nana Wandji, Francis Yuya, Éric Youm, Amelia M Stanton, Ismaila Karimu, Lisa M Bebell, Lucrece Matchim, Bongkiyung D Buri, Rodrigue Ntone, Cyrille Yonta, Claudric R Tchame, Rachelle Essaka, Justin B Eyong, Audrey Ngosso, Herwin Nanda, Robert Nsaibirni, Mark Ndifon, Lucrèce Eteki, Nadia Mandeng, Anne-Cécile Zoung-Kani Bisseck, Modeste T Koku, Emilienne Epée, Georges-Alain Etoundi Mballa, Shalom Tchocfe Ndoula, Linda Esso, Yap Boum","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.578","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in sub-Saharan Africa, where immunisation coverage is the lowest in the world.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to identify factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake in Cameroon, and assess changes in these factors over a period of time.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in the ten regions of Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The authors conducted a two-phase cross-sectional survey in the 10 regions of Cameroon, from July 2021 to August 2021 (Phase one) and from August 2022 to September 2022 (Phase two). We analysed reasons for vaccine hesitancy descriptively and used logistic regression to assess factors associated with hesitancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, we enrolled 12 109 participants: 6567 (54.23%) in Phase one and 5542 (45.77%) in Phase two. Of these, 8009 (66.14%) were not interested in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (<i>n</i> = 4176 in Phase one, <i>n</i> = 3833 in Phase two). The refusal rate increased significantly in the northern region from 27.00% in Phase 1 to 60.00% in Phase two. The leading contributor to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was fear that the vaccine was dangerous, which was significantly associated (95% confidence interval [CI], <i>p</i> < 0.05%) with vaccine refusal in both phases. Overall, 32.90% of participants (<i>n</i> = 2578) perceived the COVID-19 vaccine to be dangerous. Advanced age, male gender, Muslim religion and low level of education were associated with vaccine acceptance. Participants reported that healthcare workers were the most trusted source of information about the COVID-19 vaccine by 5005 (42.84%) participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the investment of the Ministry of Health and its partners in community engagement, focussing on communication about the vaccine efficacy, tolerance and potential adverse events, fear of the vaccine remains high, likely leading to vaccine hesitancy in Cameroon between 2021 and 2022.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The study highlight regional variations in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Cameroon, with factors age, gender, religion and education influencing willingness to vaccine. Trust in health workers was high, indicating that, tailored, community-led vaccination strategies are key for improving vaccine uptake, not only for COVID-19 but also for future epidemics.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging healthcare students in innovative approaches for antimicrobial resistance containment.","authors":"Hassan Kasujja, Henry Kajumbula, Jonans Tusiimire, J P Waswa, Stella M Nanyonga, Reuben Kiggundu, Daniel C Mwandah, Marion Murungi, Nathan Mugenyi, Irene M Mukenya, Mohan P Joshi, Dan Schwarz, Felix Bongomin, Niranjan Konduri","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.645","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}