Journal of Public Health in Africa最新文献

{"title":"Reduced mother-to-child transmission rates of HIV between 2017 and 2020 in Kenya. What changed?","authors":"Justin Mandala, Linda Muyumbu, Gwyneth Austin, Everline Ashiono, Kayla Stankevitz, Moses Bateganya, Otto Chabikuli","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.626","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 205 health facilities, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates were reduced from 7.4% to 2.1% between 2017 and 2020, respectively.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine characteristics that potentially correlate to the change in MTCT rates between two time points.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Study was conducted in Kenya, semi-urban and rural areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, cross-sectional, exploratory analysis of programme implementation at two points in time (2017 and 2020). Between 2017 and 2020, we compared over 170 mother-infant pairs where MTCT occurred to over 6000 mother-infant pairs where MTCT did not occur through the following factors: (1) location of health facilities, (2) mother and infant characteristics, (3) access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and (4) viral load suppression. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with MTCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Factors significantly associated with reduced MTCT rates were time points, mother's age, infant age at first test, proportions of mothers receiving ART, and maternal viral load. When restricting the analysis to the sub-counties contributing data at both time points, the results were similar; however, counties' location became significant in the updated model, as did the interaction term for mother and infant receipt of antiretrovirals (odds ratio [OR]: 0.228; <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>What changed between 2017 and 2020 is a higher proportion of pregnant women living with HIV received ART. Also, unlike in 2017, in 2020, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was the backbone of the ART regimen for the prevention of MTCT.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The findings can potentially inform efforts on elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of smoking and alcohol in colorectal cancer in black patients - Case-control study.","authors":"Mpho K Kgomo, Ratidzo L Zingoni, Piet J Becker","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.532","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have focused on smoking and alcohol as risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Caucasians and other populations have been studied worldwide, and both smoking and alcohol have been validated as causes of CRC. However, there are limited data on the black population; studies that have been performed in Africa have not specifically focused on these two risk factors but rather in combination with other risks.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine how smoking and alcohol affect the incidence of CRC in the African black population.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Steve Biko Academic Hospital's gastrointestinal clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects used for the study included black African patients above 18 years who had undergone a colonoscopy for suspected CRC between 2016 and 2018. Cases used were confirmed CRC on histology; controls were negative on histology. A minimum of 68 cases and 136 controls were needed for this study according to sample calculation. Hundred and ten cases and 220 controls were obtained in the final analysis. Data were collected between June 2019 and March 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.795, <i>p</i> = 0.049) was a significant risk factor for CRC among black patients who presented at the gastrointestinal clinic. Age > 50 years (OR = 3.742, <i>p</i> < 0.001), family history (OR = 12.457, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the combination of smoking and alcohol (OR = 5.927, <i>p</i> = 0.008) were significant risk factors. Interestingly, alcohol alone was protective (OR = 0.205, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both smoking and a combination of alcohol and smoking are significant risk factors in the development of CRC in the black African population.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>Smoking, as in most population groups, is a risk factor for CRC. The observed protective role of alcohol needs to be confirmed in larger studies representing the African population.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solidarity for the mpox outbreak: A call for a unified global response.","authors":"Banda Khalifa, Morẹ́nikẹ́ O Foláyan, Nicaise Ndembi","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.784","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Now more than ever: Mpox renews the call for local pharmaceutical production for Africa's health security.","authors":"Nicaise Ndembi, Morẹ́nikẹ́ O Foláyan","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.783","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cholera paradox: Removing the pump handle.","authors":"Emmanuel Agogo","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.751","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.751","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in urban Burkina Faso.","authors":"Solo Traoré, Désiré L Dahourou, Boyo C Paré, Yempabou Sagna, Daniel Zemba, Douonibo P Somé, Nomwindé C J Ouédraogo, Kalo R Millogo, Lassina Séré, Toussaint Rouamba, Hervé Tiéno, Oumar Guira","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.497","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community screening could be an effective strategy for identifying people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low-income countries.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and its risk factors.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study was conducted in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study, including consenting population (≥ 18 years). Data were collected from 11 November 2020 to 16 November 2020, in five fix sites after a 10-day information campaign on T2DM. The SD CodeFreeTM glucose analyser was used to diagnose T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associate factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1200 (95%) volunteered out of 1330 people were enrolled, which included 667 (52.27%) women. The mean age was 34.16 years (standard deviation: 12.42). Overall, 40.28% were abdominally obese and 31.43% hypertensive. The prevalence of T2DM was 10.74% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.15; 12.56). In multivariate analysis, being aged or greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORa]: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.42; 3.72), having a family history of diabetes (ORa = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.006; 2.40), being overweight (ORa = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.09; 2.62), being obese (ORa = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.08; 3.00), being a known hypertensive (ORa = 2.92 95% CI: 1.64; 5.19) and having high blood pressure on the day of the survey (ORa = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.22; 2.85) increased significantly the probability to present T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Community screening is useful to identify T2DM. A national programme to control diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors is urgently needed in Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study will enable early detection of diabetes mellitus and its management in order to prevent or delay the onset of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11447682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Work-life balance mediating stress and quality of life in academics during COVID-19 in Malaysia.","authors":"Lwin M Aye, Jeremy Ern Hwei Tan, Shamala Ramasamy","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.562","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following the implementation of the Movement Control Order (MCO) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, academicians from the universities in Malaysia needed to ensure that the quality-of-service delivery to the stakeholders is undisturbed by adopting new challenging norms. This compromises the work-life balance (WLB), causes more stress and potentially affects their quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates how perceived stress (PS) impacts the QoL of Malaysian academicians during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the mediating role of WLB.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Academics working in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study, using a voluntary response sampling method, was conducted among 417 academicians from universities in Malaysia in September 2021. A self-reported online questionnaire, measuring PS, WLB and QoL, was distributed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The QoL scored a mean of 50 (standard deviation [s.d.] = 9.84), PS scored a mean of 24.26 (s.d. = 8.19) and WLB had a mean score of 51.12 (s.d. = 18.73). Work-life balance was a significant mediator of PS and QoL (β = -0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.52 to -0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.0001). Perceived stress was a significant predictor of WLB (β = 1.62, <i>p</i> = 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Institutions should consider implementing flexible working arrangements, and providing workshops on crisis management, time management, and resilience. Stress coping methods are recommended for enhancing WLB among academicians.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This study contributes to the pool of evidence to support intervention strategies and policy recommendations aimed to enhance well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"562"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of implementation of evidence-based public health training in sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Anke C Rohwer, Nasreen S Jessani, Nyanyiwe M Mbeye, Bonny E Balugaba, Ann R Akiteng, David Tumusiime, Seleman Ntawuyirushintege, Kiya Kedir, Rawleigh Howe, Solange Durao, Ingrid Toews, Jacob Burns","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.576","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Collaboration for Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health in Africa (CEBHA+) developed and offered a course on evidence-based public health (EBPH) in five sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries to enhance individual and institutional capacity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to assess, compare and learn from implementing the CEBHA+ EBPH course using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>This study involved CEHBA+ partner universities in five countries in SSA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a framework that draws on signalling questions for RE-AIM and PRISM dimensions. Country teams reflected on, discussed and mapped unique experiences. Using this framework, we then elicited common themes across countries and distilled country-specific experiences through virtual discussions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across countries, 130 public health practitioners, researchers and students completed the course (Reach). The course increased EBPH knowledge and skills and the capacity to teach EBPH and resulted in immediate opportunities for applying skills (Effectiveness). Hybrid offering in two countries presented challenges regarding Internet connectivity and hybrid discussions. Facilitators had previous training in teaching EBPH. While learning material was the same across countries, the content was adapted to represent local public health priorities (Implementation, Adoption). Course materials have informed other related training leading to spin-offs (Maintenance). Institutionalisation is dependent on external funding.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strengthening EBPH capacity across contexts is feasible. Curricula containing both core and contextualised elements create an authentic learning environment. Formal evaluations should be embedded within capacity-strengthening initiatives.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This is the first study evaluating EBPH training in SSA using an implementation science lens, offering learning about context-relevant adaptations that assist with plans for sustainability and scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox, stigma and the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security declaration: Addressing public health challenges in Africa.","authors":"Morẹ́nikẹ́ Oluwátóyìn Foláyan","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.757","DOIUrl":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African vaccine manufacturing - The ecosystem and the Initiative.","authors":"Tolu Disu, Charles Kamau, Lisa Bonadonna, Farrah Losper, William Ampofo","doi":"10.4102/jphia.v15i1.642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jphia.v15i1.642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44723,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Public Health in Africa","volume":"15 1","pages":"642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}