Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence, migration, and assessment of human health and ecological risks of PFASs and EDCs in groundwater of Northeast China","authors":"Jiaxun Jiang, Dongmei Han, Yi Xiao, Xianfang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122810","url":null,"abstract":"Northeast China as an important base of grain production in China, has been suffering from potential groundwater pollution due to the excessive and prolonged application of fertilizers and pesticides. However, exploration of emerging contaminants pollution in groundwater and assessment of human health and ecological risks caused by large-scale agricultural activities have been relatively scarce. This study collected groundwater samples from typical agricultural areas in Northeast China to investigate the extent of contamination by nitrate, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), and then compared the levels of these pollutants with those in other regions of China. Groundwater nitrate pollution caused by strong agricultural activity is widespread in Northeast China, with nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations exceeding 10 mg/L in as many as 40.3% of 429 samples. 8 types of PFASs (3.7-7.1 ng/L) and 11 types of EDCs (18114.0-62029.8 ng/L) were detected in the collected groundwater samples. Using the Risk Quotient (RQ) method, this study assessed ecological risk and found that the risk level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was higher than that of other PFASs. The groundwater EDCs risks in Northeast China was higher compared to other regions in China, with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Bisphenol A (BPA) having high ecological risk levels. Nitrate, PFASs and EDCs have been detected in deep groundwater (70-100 m depth), indicating that the deeper aquifers could be significantly threatened by pollutants due to human activities. Fertilizers, pesticides, domestic wastewater, and industrial discharges are major sources of groundwater pollutants in the agricultural regions. Industrial-sourced EDCs were widely detected in groundwater of agricultural area, suggesting that the transport of these pollutants is very active in groundwater system. Groundwater monitoring and pollution prevention are extremely urgent, especially for emerging contaminants. This study can provide important warnings and water resource management references for other agricultural areas affected by intensively agricultural activities in the world.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of filter backwashing on iron, manganese, and ammonium removal in dual-media rapid sand filters used for drinking water production","authors":"Alje S. Boersma, Signe Haukelidsaeter, Liam Kirwan, Alessia Corbetta, Luuk Vos, Wytze K. Lenstra, Frank Schoonenberg, Karl Borger, Paul W.J.J. van der Wielen, Maartje A.H.J. van Kessel, Caroline P. Slomp, Sebastian Lücker","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122809","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and ammonium (NH₄⁺) removal from groundwater using rapid sand filtration is a widely employed method in drinking water production. Over time, Fe and Mn oxides accumulate in the filter, which necessitates frequent backwashing to avoid clogging. In this study, we investigated the impact of backwashing on the microbial community and filter chemistry in a dual-media filter comprising anthracite and sand layers. Specifically, we focused on the removal of Fe, Mn, and NH₄⁺ over the runtime of the filter. With increasing runtime, depth profiles of dissolved and particulate Fe revealed the buildup of Fe oxide flocs, causing Fe²⁺ and Mn²⁺ oxidation and nitrification to occur at greater depths within the filter. Towards the end of the filter runtime, breakthrough of suspended Fe oxides was observed, likely due to preferential flow. Backwashing effectively removed metal oxide flocs and restored the Fe removal efficiency in the top layer of the filter. While the two layers remained separate, the anthracite and sand layers themselves fully mixed during backwashing, leading to a homogenous distribution of the microbial community within each layer. <em>Methyloglobulus</em> and <em>Gallionella</em> were the predominant organisms in the anthracite layer, likely catalyzing methane and Fe²⁺ oxidation, respectively. The nitrifying community of the anthracite consisted of <em>Nitrosomonas, Candidatus</em> Nitrotoga, and <em>Nitrospira</em>. In contrast, the nitrifying community in the sand layer was dominated by <em>Nitrospira</em>. Backwashing minimally affected the microbial community composition of the filter medium except for <em>Gallionella</em>, which were preferentially washed out. In conclusion, our research offers a molecular and geochemical basis for understanding how backwashing influences the performance of rapid sand filters.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective oxidation of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds by heat/peroxymonosulfate in phenol-rich wastewater","authors":"Liangjie Wang, Zhengyi Sun, Jinrui Shi, Han Li, Tao Fu, Yi Xu, Ke Xiao, Huazhang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122804","url":null,"abstract":"In phenol-rich wastewater, such as coking wastewater, due to the high reactivity of phenol to various reactive oxygen species, it is difficult to selectively oxidize pollutants having lower biodegradability and higher toxicity than phenol. As one kind of such pollutants in coking wastewater, some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are more difficult to be removed by SO₄^•- or HO• than phenol, but this study found that NHCs (quinoline, isoquinoline, and pyridine) can be selectively removed by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) direct oxidation in the presence of 10 mM phenol under thermal condition. The selective oxidation of NHCs needs a suitable pH range (4 &lt; constant pH &lt; 9) because protonated state of NHCs (pH &lt; 4) is unfavorable to their oxidation and high pH would improve the extra PMS consumption by phenol. Under the conditions benefiting the removal of NHCs in heat/PMS system, there was no generation of SO₄^•- and HO•. Being treated by 60 °C/PMS for 60 min, the biodegradability (BOD₅/COD) of real coking wastewater (RCW) was improved from 0.21 to 0.44 with low removal rate of phenols (about 10%). Quinoline and indole, as the two typical NHCs in the studied RCW, their removal rates can be up to 45% and 85%, respectively. Thus, heat/PMS pretreatment is a potential good way to selectively remove high toxic pollutants in phenol-rich wastewater.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propionic Acid Enhances H2 Production in Purple Phototrophic Bacteria: Insights into Carbon and Reducing Equivalent Allocation","authors":"Peitian Huang, Yun Chen, Siwei Yu, Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122799","url":null,"abstract":"Biohydrogen is gaining popularity as a clean and cost-effective energy source. Among the various production methods, photo fermentation (PF) with purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) has shown great opportunity due to its high hydrogen yield. In practice, this yield is influenced by several factors, with the carbon source, particularly simple organic acid, being a key element that has attracted considerable research interest. Short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are widely found in waste streams and dark fermentation (DF) effluent. However, most studies on these VFAs focus mainly on performance evaluation, with few exploring the underlying mechanisms, which limits their applicability in real-world scenarios. To uncover the metabolic mechanisms, this study uses metagenomics to clarify the processes of reducing power production and distribution during substrate assimilation. Meanwhile, this study presents the impact of short-chain VFAs on biohydrogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and glycogen production by PPB. The results show that: (1) over long-term cultivation at similar COD consumption rates of 0.06 g COD/d, PPB possessed the highest hydrogen yield when fed with propionate (0.620 L H₂·g COD^-1) compared with butyrate (0.434) and acetate (0.361); (2) with propionate as the substrate, PPB accumulated less PHA (7% of dry biomass) but more glycogen content (11%), compared to butyrate (15% PHA and 8% glycogen) and acetate (21% PHA and 5% glycogen); (3) metagenomic analysis revealed that propionate resulted in the highest amounts of reducing equivalents, followed by butyrate and acetate; hydrogen production was the most efficient pathway for utilizing the reducing power with propionate, as the CO₂ fixation and PHA or glycogen synthesis were ineffective for electron dissipation. This study offers insights into metabolic mechanism that could guide waste stream selection and pretreatment processes to provide favorable VFAs for the PF process, thereby enhancing PPB biohydrogen production performance in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Predicting pharmaceutical concentrations and assessing risks in the aquatic environment using PERK: A case study of a catchment area in South-West England” [Water Research, Volume 268, Part A, 1 January 2025, 122643]","authors":"Kishore Kumar Jagadeesan ,&nbsp;Kathryn Proctor ,&nbsp;Richard Standerwick ,&nbsp;Ruth Barden ,&nbsp;Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122752"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining stable isotopes and spatial stream network modelling to disentangle the roles of hydrological and biogeochemical processes on riverine nitrogen dynamics","authors":"Minpeng Hu, Zhongjie Yu, Timothy J. Griffis, John M. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122800","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive agricultural activities have significantly altered watershed hydrological and biogeochemical processes, resulting in water quality issues and loss of ecosystem functions and biodiversity. A major challenge in effectively mitigating nitrogen (N) loss from agricultural watersheds stems from the heterogeneity of N transformation and transport processes that complicates accurate quantification and modeling of N sources and sinks at the watershed scale. This study utilized stable isotopes of water and nitrate (NO₃⁻) in conjunction with spatial stream network modeling (SSNMs) to explore watershed hydrology, N transformation, and sources within a mesoscale river network in the U.S. Corn Belt (Cannon River Watershed, Minnesota) under contrasting hydrological conditions. The results show that the wet season had elevated riverine NO₃⁻ concentration (medium: 8.4 mg N L⁻¹), driven by high watershed wetness conditions that mobilizes NO₃⁻ from the near-surface source zone. Furthermore, the strong hydrologic connectivity also reduced the denitrification potential by shortening water travel times. In comparison, the dry season showed lower NO₃⁻ concentrations (0.9 mg N L⁻¹) and stronger denitrification NO₃⁻ isotope signals. During this period, the decrease in hydrologic connectivity shifted the predominant water source to deep groundwater, with longer water travel time promoting denitrification. After accounting for isotopic fractionations during nitrification and denitrification, we identified fertilizer N as the main NO₃⁻ source during the wet season (98.2±1.3%), whereas the dry season showed contributions from diverse sources (64.4±11.9% fertilizer, 26.0±15.8% soil N, and 9.5±6.0% manure and sewage). During the dry season, karst regions with high hydrologic connectivity display increased shallow groundwater inputs, carrying elevated NO₃⁻ levels from leaching of applied chemical fertilizers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating drainage water management and N accumulation in groundwater into nutrient management strategies to develop adaptive measures for controlling N pollution in agricultural watersheds.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small-data-trained model for predicting nitrate accumulation in one-stage partial nitritation-anammox processes controlled by oxygen supply rate","authors":"Zhenju Sun, Jianzheng Li, Jia Meng, Jiuling Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122798","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) accumulation is the biggest obstacle for wastewater treatment via partial nitritation-anammox process. Dissolved oxygen (DO) control is the most used strategy to prevent NO₃⁻-N accumulation, but the performance is usually unstable. This study proposes a novel strategy for controlling NO₃⁻-N accumulation based on oxygen supply rate (OSR). In comparison, limiting the OSR is more effective than limiting DO in controlling NO₃⁻-N accumulation through mathematical simulation. A laboratory-scale one-stage partial nitritation-anammox system was continuously operated for 135 days, which was divided into five stages with different OSRs. A novel deep learning model integrating Gated Recurrent Unit and Multilayer Perceptron was developed to predict NO₃⁻-N accumulation load. To tackle with the general obstacle of limited environmental samples, a generic evaluation was proposed to optimise the model structure by leveraging predictive performance and overfitting risk. The developed model successfully predicted the NO₃⁻-N accumulation in the system for ten days, showcasing its potential contribution to system design and performance enhancement.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in microbial communities across the whole A2/O wastewater treatment process and their drivers - Reduced community diversity but increased proportion of certain pathogens","authors":"Xin Hou, Lei Zhang, Yong Zhao, Jiamin Li, Ziming Jiang, Sen Wang, Xiaoran Li, Xiaotong Wang, Xianhua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122790","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms play a crucial role in pollutant removal and water quality stabilizing. However, limited research exists on the microbial variability and the factors driving it at different stages of wastewater treatment. In this study, the physicochemical properties of water and the composition of bacterial communities were thoroughly investigated across the entire A²/O wastewater treatment process, encompassing 3 stages (12 steps). The results revealed a significant reduction in alpha diversity, whereas the beta diversity remained largely unchanged across stages. Alpha diversity was primarily influenced by dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH, with DO having the most notable influence, while beta diversity was mainly constrained by nutrient conditions such as COD, BOD₅, NH₄-N, TN, and TP. Additionally, analyses of relative abundance, LEfSe, variance, and functional prediction indicated a significant increase in the relative abundance of certain pathogenic bacteria (e.g., <em>Legionella, Leptospira</em>), exhibiting different removal characteristics compared to <em>Escherichia coli</em> across various treatment steps. Even after UV disinfection, these pathogens persist, highlighting a potential pathogenic risk, which deserves more attention. In addition, this study helps explore the relatively under-researched area of microbial variability at different stages (steps) of wastewater treatment, especially in terms of how microbial communities respond to operational processes and environmental conditions. This will offer valuable guidance for addressing water treatment safety challenges encountered in real-world processes.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas-delivery membrane as an alternative aeration method to remove dissolved methane from anaerobically treated wastewater","authors":"Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Lukun Zuo ,&nbsp;Shihu Hu ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Yuan ,&nbsp;Wayne Bagg ,&nbsp;Jianhua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissolved methane is a hurdle for anaerobic wastewater treatment, which would be stripped into the atmosphere by conventional bubble aeration and increase the release of greenhouse gases into the environment. The high oxygen transfer efficiency and less turbulence in membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) could prevent the stripping of dissolved methane. In this study, an MABR was established to remove dissolved methane aerobically in parallel to the nitrogen removal driven by the anammox process. The long-term results demonstrated that aerobic methane oxidation has a short start-up period, in which a high level (&gt;90 %) of dissolved methane removal was achieved in 20 days. Meanwhile, the anammox-based nitrogen removal process reached a total nitrogen removal rate of ∼150 mg N/L/d (0.27 g N/m²/d). In situ batch tests confirmed the active bioreactions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, anammox bacteria and aerobic methanotrophs, while 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing further validated their existence. Moreover, nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) bacteria were enriched to a relative abundance of 2.5 % on Day 372, suggesting their potential role in removing nitrogen and dissolved methane in the MABR. This study provides an alternative technology for removing dissolved methane and nitrogen in parallel from anaerobically treated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122760"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-antibiotic disinfectant synchronously interferes methane production and antibiotic resistance genes propagation during sludge anaerobic digestion: Activation of microbial adaptation and reconfiguration of bacteria-archaea synergies","authors":"Feng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Huang ,&nbsp;Jiale Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Luo ,&nbsp;Jiashun Cao ,&nbsp;Fang Fang ,&nbsp;Xuran Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Jingyang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste activated sludge (WAS) presents both resource recovery potential and pollution risks, making its efficient treatment challenging. Anaerobic digestion is broadly recognized as a green and sustainable approach to WAS treatment, whose efficiency is easily impacted by the exogeneous pollutants in WAS. However, the impact of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), as a widely-used non-antibiotic disinfectant, on WAS digestion under semi-continuous flow conditions remains unclear. In this study, CH₄ production decreased from 16.1 mL/g volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the control to 13.2 mL/g VSS and 0.3 mL/g VSS under low and high PHMG exposure, respectively, while PHMG increased the number of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) copies per bacterium by 4.6–12.7 %. Molecular docking analysis revealed that PHMG could spontaneously bind to and disintegrate WAS (binding energy:2.35 and -9.62 kcal/mol), increasing the likelihood of microbial exposure to PHMG. This led to an increase in bacterial abundance and a reduction in archaeal populations, resulting in bacterial dominance in ecological niches. The network topology index in PHMG-treated reactors was consistently lower than in the control, with a higher proportion of negatively correlated links, indicating a more antagonistic relationship between bacteria and archaea. Consequently, PHMG significantly interfered with key genes involved in CH₄ biosynthesis (<em>e.g., mch</em> and <em>mtd</em>). Interestingly, methanogenic activity and archaeal chemotaxis (<em>e.g., rfk</em> and <em>cheA</em>) partially recovered under low PHMG exposure due to archaeal adaptation through quorum sensing and two-component systems. However, this adaptation process also contributed to the propagation of ARGs through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by the enhancement of mobile genetic elements and ARGs hosts. These findings confirm the ecological risks of PHMG and highlight the need for effective WAS disposal strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 122773"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142601584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}