Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Bicarbonate Boosts the Anaerobic Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Hydrochar: Surface Oxygenated Functional Groups Activation and Hexavalent Chromium Removal","authors":"Na Chen, Xianglei Zhang, Yongliang Xu, Zelin Hao, Lang Zhu, Hanzhong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123727","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrochar can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via activating molecular oxygen under sunlight. However, whether and how hydrochar generates ROS in the dark and anaerobic environments remains unknown. Herein, we found that combining hydrochar with the co-existing bicarbonate could generate superoxide radicals (O₂^•−) under alkaline conditions, with the maximum concentration reaching 24.7 μmol L⁻¹. Interestingly, the O₂^•−generation was not affected by eliminating the molecular oxygen but highly depended on the abundance of the oxygenated functional groups (OFGs) on hydrochar surface. The results of electrochemical analysis, density functional theory calculation, and surface characterization elucidated that the bicarbonate first inner-sphere complexed with surface OFGs, followed by the electron transfer from bicarbonate to OFGs. This enabled the activation of oxygen inside OFGs into active oxygen (O*) while bicarbonate was oxidized to carbonate radical (CO₃^•-). The CO₃^•- further reacts with O* through an oxygen transfer mechanism, resulting in the generation of O₂^•-. The generated O₂^•− was used for the Cr(VI) treatment, which could efficiently reduce over 95% into Cr(III). The findings provide a novel pathway for developing hydrochar-based advanced oxidation processes and highlight the potential of hydrochar in pollutant transformation mediated by ROS in dark and anaerobic water environments.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass transfer and multi-phase fluid flow in electro-coagulation: A review","authors":"Yanqing Fang, Yan Huang, Xingyu He, Hailing Liu, Yasir Ullah, Hazrat Bilal, Jun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123715","url":null,"abstract":"In electrocoagulation (EC), the electro-generated coagulants Fe²⁺ (or Al³⁺) and OH⁻ transfer into the bulk solution and undergo spontaneous hydrolysis reactions to form flocs which can absorb various pollutants through surface adsorption, complexation reaction and ligand exchange. This work presents a review on recent literatures about the multi-phase fluid flow (the transport of bubbles and flocs phase) and the mass transfer of electro-generated species (coagulants, OH⁻, dissolved oxygen, etc.), as well as their impact on flocs generation, pollutant removal and energy consumption. The coupled relationship among the electric field, the mass transfer and the multi-phase fluid flow could be studied by the modeling methods. The simplified model without considering mass transfer could be applied to describe the current and electric field characteristics. The model considering mass transfer and fluid flow could solve the coupled relationship among electric field, concentration field and flow field. The continuous wastewater phase forms a multi-phase flow with the subsequent generation of bubble and floc phases. The multi-phase fluid flow is proven to have a crucial effect on EC performance. This work also reviews the effect of mass transfer of electro-generated coagulants and OH⁻ on flocs generation and clarifies that it is not the initial value but the local pH or pH profiles has a more important impact on the floc generation and pollutant removal. This review provides insight into multi-phase fluid flow and mass transfer in EC, delivers guidelines for sustaining high treatment performance, and offers an outlook for the future development of EC.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keystone Microbial Taxa Identified by Deep Learning Reveal Mechanisms of Phosphorus Stoichiometric Homeostasis in Submerged Macrophytes Under Different Hydrodynamic States","authors":"Shenyang Pan, Wenlong Zhang, Feng Yan, Yanan Ding, Ferdi L. Hellweger, Jiahui Shang, Yuting Yan, Feng Yu, Yi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123721","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) pollution in aquatic ecosystems triggers eutrophication, disrupting ecological processes. Although phytoremediation using submerged macrophytes is promising, its efficacy depends on plant-microbe interactions and stoichiometric homeostasis. A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the assembly and impact of key microbial communities on stoichiometric homeostasis under fluctuating environmental conditions, hindering the optimization of phytoremediation strategies. Given that hydrodynamic fluctuations are a primary source of environmental variability in aquatic systems, this study explored the intricate relationships among stoichiometric homeostasis, microbial community structure, and ecosystem stability, with a specific focus on their impact on rhizosphere P metabolism in <em>Vallisneria natans</em> and <em>Myriophyllum spicatum</em> under different hydrodynamic states. A Deep Learning-based Keystoneness Taxa Identification (DLKTI) framework was developed to identify key microbial taxa. Microbial community stability analysis preceded key taxa determination to enhance result reliability and ecological relevance based on the premise that distinct states provide a more dependable baseline for attributing observed changes to specific perturbations rather than to inherent fluctuations. These findings indicate that the key taxa identified by the DLKTI framework adequately characterized the overall ecological features of the microbial community (average <em>ρ = 0.39, p &lt; 0.05</em>). Moreover, including microbial pools and diversity indices of the screened key microbial taxa improved the explanatory power for submerged macrophyte traits (5% and 6%, respectively) and rhizosphere oxidative stress responses (25% and 4%, respectively). Partial least squares path modeling demonstrated the crucial role of stoichiometric homeostasis for P in ecosystem functioning (path coefficient of inhibition of phytoplankton growth = 0.58, <em>p &lt; 0.001</em>). The findings elucidating plant-microbe interaction patterns under different hydrodynamic states allow for the development of targeted interventions to enhance rhizosphere P metabolism, thereby increasing the efficiency of phytoremediation for eutrophication management and aquatic ecosystem restoration.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Element Isotope Fractionation Analysis to Investigate the Photosensitized Reactions of Humic Substance with 3-Chloroaniline","authors":"Ning Min, Jun Yao, Hao Li, Steffen Kümmel, Thomas Schaefer, Hartmut Herrmann, Hans Herrmann Richnow","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123633","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved organic matter including humic-like substances (HS), acting as photosensitizers participating in electron transfer reactions, can generate a variety of reactive species, such as OH radicals and excited triplet state HS (³HS*) and related, which promote the degradation of organic contaminants such as 3-chloroaniline (3-CA). Multi-element-compound-specific stable isotope analysis (ME-CSIA) was applied to characterize photosensitized mechanisms employing 3-CA as a probe. HS were irradiated with artificial sunlight for elucidation of the reaction mechanisms by studying the kinetic isotope effect (²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N and ³⁷Cl) to characterize the first irreversible bond change reaction. Unique enrichment factors (-1.0±0.3 for ¹³C, 7.4±1.7 for ²H and 2.3±0.7 for ³⁷Cl) have been detected in HS/UV experiments (OH radical and triplet state), which indicate complex reaction mechanisms. Triplet state reference experiments with the artificial photosensitizers 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2′,4′,5′,7′-tetraiodofluorescein in the presence O₂ (Rose Bengal-O₂) or absence of O₂ (Rose Bengal-O₂ free) yielded characteristic enrichment factors (-0.3±0.2‰ and -1.2±0.2‰ for ¹³C, 2.7±0.5‰ and 4.8±1.0‰ for ¹⁵N and 8.4±3.3‰ and 11.2±6.8‰ for ³⁷Cl), allowing interpretation of reaction mechanisms of triplet state with 3-CA. The correlation of ²H vs ¹³C, ¹⁵N vs ¹³C and ³⁷N vs ¹³C fractions could be used diagnostically to determine photosensitized reactions in the environment and to differentiate between biodegradation, hydrolysis and photosensitized HS reaction.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing national-scale basic guideline on flood-adaptation strategies under climate change using probabilistic and deterministic factors","authors":"Takeshi Osawa, Gen Sakurai, Atsushi Wakai","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123723","url":null,"abstract":"As climate adaptation strategies against floods, implementing structural measures in damage-prone areas, supplemented by nonstructural measures (e.g., ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR)), is a viable approach. However, under climate change, predicting damage-prone areas is challenging, hindering the development of effective adaptation strategies. The increase in floods under climate change can be broadly attributed to probabilistic, triggerring hazards, and deterministic, inducing vulnerability factors. Therefore, quantification for levels of probabilistic and deterministic factors may establish adaptation strategies such as prioritize areas where structural measures should be implemented. Herein, we establish basic guideline for developing adaptation strategies against floods, considering probabilistic and deterministic factors simultaneously. We investigated all the municipalities in Japan and modeled flood occurrence from 2010 to 2019 based on government statistics, using the rainfall indicator as a probabilistic factors and terrain factor, which considers land use as a deterministic factor to decide appropriate indicators. Thereafter, we quantified the increase and decrease in rainfall indicator as probabilistic factor. Additionally, we used terrain factor, which considers current land use as a deterministic factor. We implemented nonhierarchical clustering using probabilistic and deterministic factors and classified 1,795 municipalities in Japan into six clusters. The findings confirm the feasibility of developing specific adaptation strategies based on the clusters, such as strengthening the installation of artificial structures in areas belonging to the cluster in which floods expectedly increase and enhancing measures in clusters that remain unchanged based on flood histories.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Ion Exchange for Natural Organic Matter Removal from Drinking Water","authors":"Karl Zimmermann, Klaas Schoutteten, Zhen Liu, William Chen, Pierre Bérubé, Madjid Mohseni, Benoit Barbeau","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123722","url":null,"abstract":"The state of knowledge for ion exchange (IEX) drinking water filters is updated in this review with new understandings that allow for dramatically extending filter run length from days to months or years between regenerations. By simply allowing IEX filters to operate past chloride exhaustion, water practitioners can take advantage of continuing natural organic matter removal through a combination of sulphate-based secondary IEX and bio-removal mechanisms. Herein, we review literature and add new findings to describe all three mechanisms and their relative contributions, and provide insights to design and operate biological IEX, or ‘BIEX’, drinking water filters. Generalizing with new and literature data on 34 case studies from three continents, the chloride-based primary IEX lasted 3,100 bed volumes (BV) with 69% DOC removal, while sulphate-based secondary IEX provided an additional 24,400 BV with 51% DOC removal. Bio-removal provides 5-10% DOC removal irrespective of the IEX mechanism, although bio-removal mechanisms are less understood. Treatment performance depended on operating conditions and influent water quality, specifically the ratio of [Total Anions]-to-[DOC] concentrations in influent water, for which a linear relationship was described as &lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=\"\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-mathml='&lt;math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;[&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;]&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.57&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn is=\"true\"&gt;0.0123&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mo linebreak=\"goodbreak\" is=\"true\"&gt;&amp;#xD7;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;[&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow is=\"true\"&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;A&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;n&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo is=\"true\"&gt;:&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;D&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace width=\"0.28em\" is=\"true\" /&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"true\"&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi is=\"tr","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Orthophosphate Addition on Chloramine Decay and Biofilm Development in a Model Drinking Water Distribution System","authors":"Mahmoud H. Badawy, Mitchell G. Cooke, Kimia Aghasadeghi, Sigrid Peldszus, Robin M. Slawson, Peter M. Huck","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123712","url":null,"abstract":"Orthophosphate is commonly added as a corrosion inhibitor in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). However, there is limited understanding of the interrelationships between its addition, monochloramine decay, and biofilm growth. Further research is needed to evaluate its potential to accelerate monochloramine decay and promote biofilm development. This study examines the impact of orthophosphate doses (0 to 4 mg PO₄^3-/L) on monochloramine decay and biofilm growth using model distribution systems (MDSs) at a 10-day residence time, fed with phosphorus-limited water. Findings showed that, in addition to expected enhanced microbial growth, biofilm formation potential, and metabolic activity (i.e., carbon utilization), orthophosphate addition also increased monochloramine decay. For instance, biofilm growth increased from 2.9–3.2 to 5.3–6.3 log CFU/cm² between 1 and 4 mg PO₄^3-/L, with the most substantial increase observed between 1 and 2 mg PO₄^3-/L (an increase of more than 2 log units). Around day 52, changes in metabolic activity, biofilm formation potential, and biofilm growth in MDSs with added orthophosphate suggested a shift in the microbial community from early colonizers to bacteria thriving in biofilms. A correlation between biofilm profiles and monochloramine decay was apparent, with significant positive correlations between total chlorine decay and (i) biofilm HPC (R² = 0.86, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), (ii) biofilm formation potential (R² = 0.73, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and (iii) metabolic activity (R² = 0.81, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Higher orthophosphate concentrations (2-4 mg PO₄^3-/L) were linked to greater biofilm growth and monochloramine demand, while 1 mg PO₄^3-/L had minimal impact. Total chlorine decay coefficients ranged from 0.0033 h^-1 (control) to 0.0072 h^-1 (4 PO₄^3-/L) in the phase of further biofilm development. These findings emphasize that orthophosphate usage in DWDSs needs to balance corrosion control aspects with effects on water quality (e.g., biofilm growth and monochloramine stability).","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Adsorption and immobilization of phosphorus in eutrophic lake water and sediments by a novel red soil based porous aerogel, published by Wu et al. [Water Research 273 (2025) 123078]”","authors":"Khim Hoong Chu, Mohd Ali Hashim, Mohd Hafiz Zawawi","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123709","url":null,"abstract":"This communication identifies several modeling deficiencies in a recent article published in this journal. Key concerns include incomplete descriptions of adsorption kinetic and isotherm models, the use of incorrect model formulations, and the misapplication of these models in the analysis of experimental data. These issues raise concerns about the reliability of the reported findings.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidimensional tolerance landscapes reveal antibiotic-environment interactions affecting population dynamics of wastewater bacteria","authors":"Marie Rescan, Meritxell Gros, Carles M. Borrego","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123720","url":null,"abstract":"City sewers harbor diverse bacterial communities that are continuously exposed to a myriad of antibiotic residues resulting from human consumption and excretion. Despite their sub-inhibitory concentrations in sewage, these pharmaceutical residues affect the growth rate and the yield of susceptible wastewater-associated bacteria. Moreover, environmental conditions in sewers are complex, including variations in temperature and, in many coastal city sewers, salinity. These variables can modulate antibiotic tolerance and therefore affect the dynamics of microbial populations. To explore such interactions between antibiotics and abiotic environmental factors, we built continuous multivariate tolerance landscapes for three bacterial species commonly detected in sewage: <em>Escherichia coli</em>, the emerging pathogen <em>Streptococcus suis</em>, and a typical sewer dweller, <em>Arcobacter cryaerophilus</em>. We projected their intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity onto a complex environment including temperature, salinity, and a range of concentrations of two antibiotics frequently measured in urban wastewater (ciprofloxacin and azithromycin). We revealed that antibiotic tolerance was maximal at salinities close to seawater for both <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. suis</em>, and that the direction of the interaction between antibiotics and temperature is species dependent. In <em>E. coli</em>, we additionally observed a third-order interaction among salinity, temperature and antibiotics, highlighting the limits of predicting field dynamics of bacterial populations using standard laboratory measures. We projected these tolerance curves onto time series data of temperature and conductivity measured in the sewers of Barcelona. Our model highlights that low concentrations of antibiotics could exclude the most sensitive species, while interactions between antibiotics, temperature, and salinity substantially affected the dynamics of the more tolerant ones.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the trade-off between lithium purity and lithium recovery: A comprehensive mathematical modeling based on membrane structure-property-performance relationships","authors":"Fengrui Yang ,&nbsp;Ming Yong ,&nbsp;Zhikao Li ,&nbsp;Zhe Yang ,&nbsp;Xiwang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of nanofiltration (NF) membranes for resource recovery, particularly lithium (Li) extraction from high magnesium (Mg) brines, is a rapidly growing research area. However, the trade-off between high Li⁺ purity and recovery remains challenging. In our study, we extend the widely adopted Donnan Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE) to analyze membrane structure-property-performance relationships at the process scale. For the first time, we quantify how membrane intrinsic parameters (e.g., pore size, effective thickness, and charge density) affect Li⁺ purity and recovery under module-scale processes. Under this framework, we demonstrate that electrically neutral and positively charged membranes outperform negatively charged membranes, albeit at the cost of slightly higher required hydraulic pressure. Notably, positively charged membranes with smaller pore size yet high water permeance (40–80 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹) are preferred, which could simultaneously achieve excellent Li⁺ purity (∼98 %) and high Li⁺ recovery (∼93 %) in the single-pass process, effectively overcoming the purity-recovery trade-off correlation. We further demonstrate that negative Li⁺ rejection plays a crucial role in overcoming the trade-off correlation by significantly increasing Li⁺ recovery. Nevertheless, poor system flux distribution is inadvertently observed in the regions where strong negative rejection occurs, highlighting the need for careful consideration of the balance between system stability and lithium extraction performances. Our study identifies critical membrane parameters for achieving optimal lithium extraction performance at the process scale, offering fundamental insights for designing high-performance membranes for resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123678"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}