Water Research最新文献

{"title":"A novel quad-modality deep neural network for estimating chlorophyll-a concentrations in Lianyungang’s lakes and reservoirs using Sentinel-2 MSI data","authors":"HaiHong He ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Dewei Wang ,&nbsp;Wenli Qiao ,&nbsp;Yiming Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Han ,&nbsp;Feixiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiyu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eutrophication has become a growing threat to lake ecosystems, driven by climate change and intensified human activity. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), as a proxy for trophic status and algal biomass, plays a central role in water quality assessment and lake management. To estimate Chl-a concentrations, this study integrates in situ measurements with Sentinel-2 satellite imagery collected from lakes and reservoirs in Lianyungang City, China, between 2017 and 2024. Based on this dataset, we developed a novel Quad-Modality Deep Neural Network (QM-DNN) grounded in the concept of multimodal learning. The model incorporates dual-band, tri-band, and quad-band spectral features combinations, along with auxiliary temporal and environmental variables. Experimental results on the test set (<em>N</em> = 197) show that the QM-DNN model outperforms the traditional Deep Neural Network (DNN) and machine learning methods, achieving an R² of 0.73, MAE of 6.76 mg/m³, and RMSE of 12.65 mg/m³. Spatiotemporal analysis from 2017 to 2024 revealed significant variability in Chl-a concentrations. Spatially, lower concentrations were observed in the northern water bodies (mesotrophic, 6–10 mg/m³), while the central and southern regions exhibited higher levels (mildly eutrophic, 10–26 mg/m³). Temporally, mesotrophic waters increased from 7.06 % to 11.14 %, while mildly eutrophic waters slightly declined, and moderately eutrophic (26–30 mg/m³) areas remained low and stable. Correlation analysis based on ERA5 climate data identified air temperature and precipitation as key climatic drivers of Chl-a variability, both significantly positively correlated with Chl-a concentrations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), whereas wind speed exhibited a weaker, site-dependent effect. To enhance model interpretability, the integrated gradients method was employed to quantify the relative contribution of each input feature. These findings highlight the effectiveness of multimodal deep learning in remote sensing-based Chl-a monitoring, providing robust support for regional water quality management and eutrophication mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124246"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untangling transformation products in a semi-closed sea by nontarget and suspect screening analysis","authors":"Xiaoxia Feng ,&nbsp;Haotian Wang ,&nbsp;Tingyu Li ,&nbsp;Runzeng Liu ,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although transformation products are important parts of chemical contaminants in the environment, their occurrence and risks remain largely unclear. In this study, MS²-initiated nontarget analysis and MS¹-initiated suspect screening analysis strategy were performed to identify transformation products. The integration of these two approaches provided a complementary strategy to broaden transformation product identification, by covering diverse structural modifications during transformation processes and fragmentation behaviors in mass spectrometry. A total of 47 transformation products originating from 29 parent compounds were identified in the Bohai Sea and the surrounding estuarine waters. The identified transformation products were widespread across the Bohai Sea, with 38 detected in over 80 % of the sites. Transformation products constituted a significant proportion of xenobiotic compounds present in the Bohai Sea, cumulatively accounting for over 50 % of the total instrumental response of their parent compounds. Transformation processes under field conditions played a key role in shaping the composition of transformation products. Moreover, transformation products was a substantial contributor to the ecological risk posed to aquatic organisms, owning to both toxicity and abundance. The results emphasize the necessity of including transformation products when profiling composition and evaluating ecological risks of xenobiotic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124247"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic ligands control microbial uptake of Hg(II): effects on Hg(II) speciation and bacterial physiology","authors":"Yuping Xiang ,&nbsp;Yueqian Chen ,&nbsp;Yingying Guo ,&nbsp;Yanwei Liu ,&nbsp;Guangliang Liu ,&nbsp;Yongguang Yin ,&nbsp;Dingyong Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Cai ,&nbsp;Guibin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How organic ligands regulate microbial Hg(II) bioavailability remains a critical knowledge gap in elucidating methylmercury production and subsequent bioaccumulation in biota. Six model ligands with different functional groups (ethylenediaminetetraacetate [EDTA], citrate [CTA], cysteine [CYS], glutathione [GSH], 2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate [DMPS], and 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate [MPS]) were applied to probe their impacts on Hg(II) bioavailability, by direct measurement of active cellular Hg(II) and cell physiology using a Hg(II)-specific (<em>Escherichia coli</em> PRL) and a constitutive biosensor (<em>E. coli</em> PJL), respectively. Hg(II) uptake was significantly inhibited by EDTA, CTA, DMPS, and MPS, whereas enhanced by CYS and GSH. These findings indicate co-occurred uptake mechanism other than the widely accepted membrane-ligand exchange model, since bioavailability did not inversely correlate with Hg-binding strength (CTA &lt; EDTA &lt; GSH &lt; CYS &lt; DMPS). Furthermore, ligand-induced bacterial physiological changes (e.g., thiolate inhibition vs. carboxylate neutrality) were not the primary driver of bioavailability variations. Based on Hg(II) speciation analysis and thermodynamic modelling, it was implied that sulfate reduction and CYS degradation generated sulfide corona near bacterial cells, promoting the formation of Hg sulfide nanoparticles (HgS_NP) or Hg-S clusters during Hg(II) uptake. Enhanced bioavailability of Hg(II)-CYS/GSH likely arose from passive diffusion and intracellular dissolution of these HgS species. Ambient oxygen levels further modulate Hg(II) bioavailability, with enhanced Hg(II)-CYS uptake observed under anoxic conditions, likely due to oxygen-dependent transporters expression and bacterial metabolisms. Overall, these findings highlight ligand-specific mechanisms governing Hg(II) bioavailability, emphasizing the interactions of Hg-binding strength, cell physiology, and sulfide-driven speciation in Hg biogeochemical cycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124249"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic cavitation based advanced reduction process (ARP) for degradation of 2-nitrophenol in aqueous environment","authors":"Zhila Honarmandrad ,&nbsp;Kirill Fedorov ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Boczkaj","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) along with acoustic cavitation are emerging techniques in wastewater treatment for degradation of toxic, refractory and non-biodegradable pollutants. The energy released during cavitation phenomenon has a number of applications in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In contrast this paper presents an effective activation of dithionite (DTN) under HC as advanced reduction process (ARP). The developed process of HC/DTN was tested for the first attempt to perform the reductive degradation of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) in water. The complete degradation of 2-NP was achieved within 15 min at optimal conditions of C_v 0.27 with r_red 8.33, pH 11, 20 ± 2.5 °C ensuring a synergistic index (ξ) of 9.47. These results demonstrated HC as an effective tool for DTN activation. The degradation of 2-NP was primarily contributed by sulfur dioxide anion radicals (SO₂^•−) and hydrated electrons (e_aq⁻), while oxidizing radicals (i.e., HO^• and SO₄^•−) played minor role. The degradation pathway of 2-NP in HC/DTN was proposed relying on the identified intermediates using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main intermediates of 2-NP degradation were aniline and hydroquinone confirming the combined ARP/AOP action of HC/DTN. The total treatment cost of 1 m³ of contaminated water by the developed HC/DTN process was estimated as 1.08 euros according to the economic feasibility analysis. Along with rapid degradation, simple instrumentation and ultra-low costs, HC/DTN offers a promising solution for industrial water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124250"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of testate amoeba community dynamics in urban waters: Effects of heatwave, air pollution, and hydrological gradient","authors":"Jean Claude Ndayishimiye, Pascaline Nyirabuhoro, Cheng Xinyun, Damir Saldaev, Yuri Mazei, Xiaofei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124248","url":null,"abstract":"Urban waters play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation and the provision of ecosystem services. However, the drivers of changes in these habitats remain poorly understood. This study investigates the determinants of microbial community dynamics along a 0.14 km heatwave-impacted hydrological gradient formed by three connected urban ponds in Shenzhen, southern China. The experimentation focused on extremely sensitive microorganisms, <em>testate amoebae</em>, using 30 water samples representing water columns, 30 sediment samples representing beds, and 27 microspatial factors that capture weather conditions (WC), air quality (AQ), and water quality (WQ). Both environmental conditions and testate amoeba communities varied significantly along the heatwave-impacted hydrological gradient. A total of 39 species were recorded, marking a net increase of 5 species relative to the pre-heatwave period (June–July 2020). The mean species richness was 9 ± 1 in water and 16 ± 1 in sediment. The mean absolute abundance reached 30 ± 5 ind. mL⁻¹ in water and 2,500 ± 430 ind. mL⁻¹ in sediment. Water depth and pH emerged as the most influential factors, with water depth explaining 13.4% of the total variation in testate amoeba species in water and pH accounting for 22.6% of the total variation in sediment. The variation partitioning analysis (VPA) revealed that WC, AQ, and WQ substantially influenced testate amoeba communities in sediment, accounting for 11%, 20%, and 15.5%, respectively, based on the pure percentage of community variation. Mechanistically, community changes were driven by warming-induced physiological changes, toxicity-induced stress, and hypoxia-induced stress. The neutral model explained 78.8% in water and 69.3% in sediment. Standardized effect sizes (SES) for the checkerboard score (C-score) in the null model were 0.732 (21.2%) in water and 4.437 (30.7%) in sediment, indicating that stochastic processes have a stronger influence on testate amoeba community composition than deterministic ones. These results suggest that determinants of testate amoeba community dynamics in urban waters involve both predictable factors, such as heatwaves, air pollution, and hydrological gradient (deterministic processes), and unpredictable factors, such as dispersal limitation, ecological drift, and homogenizing dispersal (stochastic processes).","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"678 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring water affordability through subsidy policies","authors":"Thalita Salgado Fagundes ,&nbsp;Rui Cunha Marques ,&nbsp;Diogo Filipe da Cunha Ferreira ,&nbsp;Tadeu Fabricio Malheiros","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to clean water and sanitation is a fundamental human right, yet millions of people worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, face affordability barriers. This study evaluates Brazil's new social tariff policy for water supply and sanitation, enacted in 2024 through Law No 14,898, which introduces a nationally mandated social tariff, representing a rare example of nationwide affordability intervention in the sector. Using data from the Ministry of Social Development, the study examines three scenarios reflecting potential beneficiaries and their financial impacts on utilities revenue and on non-beneficiaries’ bills. Results reveal significant regional disparities in affordability and the financial strain placed on utilities, particularly in economically disadvantaged states in the north. Cross-subsidization emerges as the primary funding mechanism, yet this approach risks exacerbating affordability issues for non-beneficiary households, as observed in the study. This research underscores the critical need for affordability analyses in public policies, highlighting the importance of equitable and sustainable subsidy structures to improve water access while maintaining the financial viability of utilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124251"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ) cycling-based buffering strategy to mitigate sulfide and nitrate overflow in sulfur autotrophic denitrification process under wastewater quality fluctuations","authors":"Daheng Ren ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Xuchen Ba ,&nbsp;Wenke He ,&nbsp;Shuaikang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yongxian Cen ,&nbsp;Guijiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiamin Xu ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Yilu Sun ,&nbsp;Aijie Wang ,&nbsp;Hao-Yi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) process has been widely applied in wastewater treatment plants and constructed wetlands due to its advantages in minimizing sludge production and avoiding COD exceedance. However, under fluctuating water quality conditions, the SAD process is prone to sulfide and nitrate overflow, potentially leading to severe ecological consequences. In this study, we propose a novel strategy by adding an Fe-based buffer packed-bed (FB) system downstream of the SAD process to buffer sulfide and nitrate overflow through Fe(Ⅱ/Ⅲ) cyclic redox reactions on the filler surface. This strategy demonstrated sustained sulfide and nitrate removal for over 15 days with only trace iron losses under extreme water quality variations, confirming its effective and sustainable buffering capacity. The FB system stored excess sulfide from the SAD process under low-nitrate conditions and utilized it for denitrification during periods of nitrate overload. This electron storage capability significantly reduced sulfur loss caused by sulfur disproportionation. The buffering effect and electron storage were mediated by Fe₂O₃ and (S⁰, Fe(Ⅱ)-S_x, and Fe(Ⅱ)-O) adsorbed onto the magnetite surface. These reactive media were immobilized through the biofilm on the surface of the fillers in the FB system, and there was a significant correlation between the biofilm content and the buffering capacity. This work provides an efficient, seamless, and sustainable safeguard strategy for the application of SAD systems in wastewater treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124243"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Property Prediction of Microplastics in Landfill Leachate under Different Treatment Processes Using Knowledge Graph-Enhanced Molecular Contrastive Learning","authors":"Meilan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Jia-hong Kuo ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Chen ,&nbsp;Youcai Zhao ,&nbsp;Kunsen Lin ,&nbsp;Xuefei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill leachate serves as a critical sink for microplastics (MPs), whose persistence, heterogeneity, and potential toxicity pose growing environmental and human health concerns. However, the fate and transformation of MPs across different leachate treatment processes remain poorly characterized, and traditional toxicity assessments are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. In this study, we investigated the distribution, physicochemical properties, and toxicological behaviors of MPs throughout a full-scale leachate treatment system, encompassing membrane bioreactors, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and the double tube reverse osmosis (DTRO) concentrates. Results revealed the total MPs concentration decreased from 14,150 items/L in the influent to 4400 items/L in the RO effluent, with an overall removal efficiency of 68.91 %. The total MPs concentration decreased from 14,150 items/L in the influent to 4400 items/L in the RO effluent, with an overall removal efficiency of 68.91 %. Among the 14 detected MPs types, cellophane and polyamide were predominant, accounting for 74.61 % and 23.71 % of total MPs, respectively. Using a novel unsupervised model—KANO (knowledge graph-enhanced molecular contrastive learning)—we predicted toxicological responses of 14 representative MPs. High toxicity potentials were observed for gastrointestinal (up to 95.62 %), immune system (up to 84.66 %), and skin-related disorders (up to 81.34 %), particularly in MBR influent and DTRO concentrates. This study provides a detailed characterization of their distribution and predicted toxicity across engineered treatment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124244"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phyto-polishing of leachate with Malaysian native bulrush: Pollutant removal and kinetics study","authors":"Wong Yi Song,&nbsp;Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah,&nbsp;Islam J K Elhabil,&nbsp;Siti Shilatul Najwa Sharuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With growing populations and widespread use of uncontrolled landfills, leachate poses significant environmental risks, while conventional treatments are costly and often ineffective. This research presents the application of a native plant of <em>Scirpus grossus</em> for phytoremediation in a batch experiment through the direct application of leachate with mass ratios of 15, 20, 35 and 100 mg COD/g plant in phytoremediation performance test for two months. Results showed the plant could survive in leachate concentrations up to 100 mg COD/g plant, with relative growth rates of 1.27 %, 1.42 %, 1.02 % and 0.88 % for concentrations of 15, 20, 35 and 100 mg COD/g plant, respectively. The plant demonstrated effective pollutant removal, with COD removal rates of 85.7 %, 93.4 %, 92.5 % and 63.6 % for the same mass ratios. The kinetic model developed indicated that COD removal followed first-order kinetics. The highest absorption rate was found at 20 mg COD/g plant (0.0538 day^–1). This study offers the first in-depth assessment of <em>S. grossus</em> for leachate phytoremediation in Malaysian ecosystems, addressing a key gap in remediation research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124222"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144640725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into how organophosphate esters regulate conventional contaminants removal by Chlorella sorokiniana for synthetic wastewater treatment","authors":"Di Zhou,&nbsp;Liandong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.124242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are typical types of emerging contaminants that are widely presented in wastewater. While they can serve as phosphorus (P) sources for microalgae growth, their toxicity disrupts metabolic processes, posing challenges to microalgae-based bioremediation. This study elucidated the regulatory effects of OPEs on the removal of ammonia (NH₄⁺-N) and phosphate (PO₄^3--P) from synthetic wastewater by <em>Chlorella sorokiniana</em>, as well as the concurrent OPEs degradation, while unveiling the molecular mechanism of these interactions. OPEs exposure (1 and 10 mg/L) initially inhibited nutrient assimilation, reducing NH₄⁺-N and PO₄³⁻-P removal by 21.78 %-46.59 % and 7.46 %-26.07 %, respectively. The suppression was primarily attributed to oxidative stress-induced DNA damage, leading to G2/S cell cycle arrest, and metabolic disruptions particularly in crucial nitrogen assimilation enzymes (GS, GDH) and genes (<em>IMPL2, IPPK</em>) related to Pi supply strategy adjustment. Meanwhile, OPEs continuously impaired heterotrophy (NaAc matabolism), restricting energy supply for nutrient uptake. Despite this initial inhibition, microalgae exhibited adaptive recovery through photosynthetic regulation and EPS secretion. Enhanced linear electron transfer (LET) and Calvin cycle facilitated photoautotrophy, while EPS played a crucial role in OPEs adsorption and degradation via photosensitization and biosorption, achieving 41.53 %-54.50 % OPEs removal without additional energy input. Transcriptome analysis, combined with KEGG-based pathway annotation, was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these physiological responses. This study unveils a novel stress adaptation mechanism in microalgae, demonstrating their ability to mitigate OPEs toxicity and restore nutrient removal efficiency. The findings provide new insights into the synergistic bioremediation of emerging and conventional pollutants, offering a sustainable strategy for low-carbon wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 124242"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}