Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and metabolic properties of bacteria from the genus Novosphingobium indicate their use as model organisms for studying biodegradation processes in activated carbon filters in advanced wastewater purification","authors":"Yulduzkhon Abdullaeva ,&nbsp;Stephanie Rochau ,&nbsp;Marie Löwe ,&nbsp;Johannes Holert ,&nbsp;Bodo Philipp","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Activated carbon filters are increasingly being installed in sewage treatment plants to adsorb organic micropollutants from purified wastewater. Biodegradation also contributes to micropollutant removal in the filters, but the respective microorganisms and underlying processes are largely unexplored. Particularly, it is unknown to which extent active desorption of micropollutants takes place and which molecular mechanisms are involved. For addressing these questions microbial model organisms are required. In this study, the prokaryotic microbiome of a newly installed activated carbon filter in a fourth clarification stage of a municipal wastewater treatment plant was analyzed over 12 months by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Bacterial families with relative abundancies above 1% stabilized after 2 months and included the potential micropollutant degraders <em>Hyphomonadaceae</em> and <em>Sphingomonadaceae</em>. Among the latter, members of the genus <em>Novosphingobium</em> were frequently found and closely related to the type strain <em>N. aromaticivorans</em> DSM 12444, which is known to degrade synthetic chemicals. Strain DSM 12444 and the <em>Pseudomonadaceae</em> strains Teo15 and Salic, which were isolated from enrichment cultures with filter material but not detected in the microbiome, were selected as model organisms for laboratory growth experiments with granulated activated carbon loaded with benzoate and salicylate. Strain DSM 12444 reached a significantly higher final optical density when grown on granular activated carbon pre-loaded with either benzoate or salicylate compared to strains Teo15 and Salic, respectively. Extraction of residual benzoate and salicylate from activated carbon granules indicated that more than 95 % of the aromatic compounds had been depleted by strain DSM 12444 compared to about 70 % and 50 % by strains Teo15 and Salic, respectively. Transcriptomic analysis indicated differential gene expression of strain DSM1244 during growth with benzoate in the presence and absence of GAC. These results qualify <em>N. aromaticivorans</em> as a feasible model organism to study the mechanisms of bacterial growth with organic substrates adsorbed to activated carbon which could support the design of bioaugmentation strategies for enhancing micropollutant removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 126123"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new paradigm for electrical modeling in site leakage diagnostics: A label-scarce three-dimensional simulation surrogate using physics-informed neural networks","authors":"Feng Chen ,&nbsp;Aixia Zhou ,&nbsp;Linhai Ye ,&nbsp;Wenchang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Sun ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Youcai Zhao ,&nbsp;Qifei Huang ,&nbsp;Ya Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical leakage diagnostics is central to source-oriented industrial site management. In both conventional workflows and modern machine learning (ML) frameworks, large simulation ensembles are necessary in finite element method (FEM) forward modelling, mainly used for calibration, sensitivity analysis, inversion, and generation of synthetic training data. This requirement imposes substantial computational demands and delays site deployment. To address this limitation, this study provides the first demonstration of designing a physics-informed neural network (PINN) surrogate for the forward step, enabling mesh-free, physics-constrained, high-throughput three-dimensional electrical modeling to support leakage diagnostics. By incorporating physics-based constraints into the loss function, the PINN generates continuous and physically rigorous electrical field predictions while being trained on only 48 samples of the lined facility. Optimized through quasi-static sampling and interior H¹ regularization strategies, the model reduces the validation error by &gt;90 %, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of <span><math><mrow><mn>8.0</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and relative <span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> error to 0.2 %. Inference results indicate that the 128-neuron configuration of the PINN achieves computational speeds nearly three orders of magnitude faster than FEM, while reaching high accuracy after only a few hours of training. This PINN framework represents a new paradigm for forward modeling in electrical diagnostics, decoupling downstream detection and monitoring workflows from the FEM bottleneck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 125456"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking ecological strategies to niche breadth: interpretable machine learning unravels community patterns of nirS-type aerobic denitrifiers along oxygen gradients in drinking water reservoirs","authors":"Kun Shi ,&nbsp;Wanying Li ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Huo ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhao ,&nbsp;Shilei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerobic denitrifying bacteria are increasingly recognized for nitrogen removal in deep drinking-water reservoirs, yet how dissolved oxygen (DO) gradients relate to their ecological strategies, niche breadth, and co-occurrence networks remains unclear. We investigated <em>nirS</em>-type aerobic denitrifiers in 14 drinking-water reservoirs in North China using depth-stratified water-column samples, and classified communities into four functional groups based on K/r strategies and niche generalization/specialization. Ecological threshold detection, community assembly, and network analyses identified a DO breakpoint at 8.31 mg/L, separating an oxygen-limited niche (OLN) and an oxygen-enriched niche (OEN). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was dominated by protein-like components in both niches, while fluorescence intensity was higher in OLN. Along the OLN→OEN gradient, dominant genera shifted from <em>Sulfuritalea</em> to <em>Rhodanobacter, Pseudomonas</em>, and <em>Achromobacter</em>. Assembly analyses suggested stronger environmental selection and dispersal limitation for K-strategists and specialists in OLN, whereas stochasticity increased in OEN; r-strategists and generalists exhibited greater stochasticity across both niches. Co-occurrence networks indicated that r-strategists and generalists formed more cohesive networks and showed higher cohesion-based structural stability, particularly in OEN. Random-forest models interpreted with SHapley Additive exPlanations and partial least squares path modeling suggested that stability in OLN was most strongly associated with temperature, manganese, and chemical oxygen demand, whereas in OEN it was more strongly associated with inorganic nitrogen and DOM composition, largely via indirect links through β-diversity. Overall, DO regimes are linked to systematic shifts in community assembly and interaction structure of aerobic denitrifiers in drinking-water reservoirs, offering testable hypotheses for assessing combined effects of oxygen, nitrogen loading, and DOM properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 125498"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur recovery from spent caustic streams: enabling selective transformation via tandem electrochemical–chemical strategy","authors":"Haoran Chi ,&nbsp;Jinghao Bi ,&nbsp;Xiao Xu ,&nbsp;Xuejing Yang ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang ,&nbsp;Hualin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spent caustic streams (SCS), rich in sulfides (predominantly HS^-), pose severe environmental risks and represent an underutilized sulfur resource, while existing treatment technologies suffer from high energy consumption, harsh operating conditions, or poor selectivity towards valuable sulfur products. To address the critical challenges of an unclear sulfide oxidation mechanism and an uncontrollable product distribution that hinder practical application, this study developed a tandem electrochemical–chemical strategy for selective sulfur recovery from SCS. A series of transition metal sulfide catalysts on nickel foam (TMS/NF) were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal method. The optimized Cu_xS-0.2/NF electrode achieved 95% sulfide removal efficiency with up to 87% selectivity towards soluble polysulfides (S_n^2-) in a simulated SCS solution. A combined analytical approach using ion chromatography (IC) and UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the Cu_xS-0.2/NF electrode catalyzes the oxidation of HS^- to S_n^2- via zero-order kinetics, ensuring stable performance under complex matrices. The superior activity is attributed to the synergistic effect between abundant Cu⁺ active sites (for HS^- adsorption and activation) and Cu²⁺ sites (for optimizing electron transfer). The process exhibits a low cell voltage of 0.81 ± 0.1 V, thus achieving a notably low energy consumption of 0.62 kWh·kg^-1 S, which confirms its techno-economic viability. Furthermore, high-purity elemental sulfur (α-S₈) was successfully recovered from real SCS through CO₂-induced protonation of S_n^2-, validating the practical feasibility of this resource-oriented treatment. This work elucidates the oxidation mechanism and kinetics of sulfide in alkaline media, providing a scalable, energy-efficient solution for sulfur resource recovery from SCS and advancing the development of green desulfurization technologies for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 125442"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146044767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbe-mineral interactions control fluoride mobilization from aluminum-substituted goethite into groundwater","authors":"Yanan Yang ,&nbsp;Kunfu Pi ,&nbsp;Siyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingcong Su ,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Yanxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genesis of geogenic fluoride (F⁻)-contaminated groundwater is frequently attributed to abiotic processes, while the roles of biotransformation kinetics of redox-sensitive iron (Fe) oxides have largely been underestimated. Aluminum (Al) substitution alters the structure and surface properties of natural Fe oxides, driving dynamic shifts between F⁻ sinks and source by modulating F⁻ mobilization-immobilization during redox-driven Fe-oxide transformation, but the influence of Al substitution on microbial Fe(III)-oxide reduction and F⁻ turnover remains unclear. Through field investigations, microcosm experiments, and new kinetic modeling, this research delineates biogeochemical effects of microbially-mediated reductive dissolution of varying Al(III)-substituted Fe oxides (goethite) on F⁻ enrichment in groundwater. Results show that Al substitution governs F⁻ mobilization-immobilization dynamics during dissimilatory goethite bioreduction. Low-level Al(III) substitution weakened the mineral lattice and enhanced F-bearing goethite bioreduction and F⁻ release. Co-mobilized Al³⁺ facilitated F⁻ stabilization by forming Al-F complexes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses suggest that Al-F complexes reduced free F⁻, alleviating F⁻ biotoxicity toward Fe-reducing bacteria and sustaining Fe(III)-oxide bioreduction even at high dissolved F⁻ concentrations. High-level Al(III) substitution promoted Al(III) accumulation on mineral surfaces (surface-associated Al(III)), thereby preempting microbe-mineral contact sites and suppressing Fe(III) bioreduction and F⁻ release. Bioreduction of Fe(III) in goethite led to partial F⁻ release during the early stages, and then surface-bound Al(III) acted as a cation bridge to re-immobilize F⁻ via surface complexation. This inhibiting effect explains decoupled Fe and F behaviors in aquifers where Fe(III) bioreduction proceeds but F⁻ is re-immobilized by surface-bound Al(III). Our results highlight an underappreciated mechanism driving high-F groundwater under Fe(III)-reducing conditions and unravel the critical roles of microbe-mineral interactions for F mobilization/immobilization by Al(III)-substituted Fe oxides. The findings have broad implications for deciphering anionic toxic compounds enrichment in reducing groundwater and guiding rehabilitation of geogenic F-contaminated groundwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 125494"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biomass feedstock and hydrothermal temperature on the molecular composition and bioavailability of invasive plant-based hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter","authors":"Rongdi An ,&nbsp;Xiamu Zelang ,&nbsp;Donglin Wang ,&nbsp;Shiting Liu ,&nbsp;Nan Lu ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Bian ,&nbsp;Lianxi Sheng ,&nbsp;Jiunian Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal carbonization demonstrates a potential for converting invasive plants into multifunctional carbonaceous material. Invasive plant-based hydrochar derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM) becomes an important source of anthropogenic dissolved organic matter, however, the molecular composition and bioavailability of HDOM and the controlling factors were not sufficiently revealed. Thus, in this study, a variety of invasive plants were selected to fabricate hydrochar at different hydrothermal temperatures to investigate the molecular composition via FT-ICR-MS and bioavailability based on microbial fuel cell system. The results indicated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) yield peaked at 200°C and pH fluctuated within a range of 5.0 ‒ 6.0. Along with the increase in hydrothermal temperature, macromolecular humic-like substances promoted via depolymerization, dehydration, and condensation of lignocellulose, likewise unsaturated-reduced molecules as well as the diversity of CHO group in HDOMs. Van Krevelen diagrams demonstrated highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds as lignin-like/CRAMs were the dominant components. Biomass feedstocks did not greatly alter the molecular distribution pattern of HDOMs. HDOMs were introduced into the microbial fuel cell system as the substitute carbon source of sodium acetate, according to the output voltage, HDOMs demonstrated a superior bioavailability, and the effects of biomass feedstocks and hydrothermal temperature were in line with the percentage of labile compounds (MLB_L%). HDOMs may serve as a carbon substrate that upregulated catabolic pathways to enhance the bioavailability, and act as metabolic driver to promote the nitrogen removal efficiency via enhancing denitrification and anammox. Environmental implications of HDOMs based on molecular composition and bioavailability were further discussed. This work provided theoretical foundation for optimizing the hydrothermal carbonization of invasive plants and reducing the ecological risks of invasive plant-based hydrochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 125497"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of clay mineral type and particle-to-oil ratio on the transport and deposition of oil-particle aggregates in coastal porous media","authors":"Yuanxin Li ,&nbsp;Lei He ,&nbsp;Qinghong Wang ,&nbsp;Peihe Li ,&nbsp;Meiping Tong ,&nbsp;Chunmao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction of oil released from the marine oil spills and mineral particles in nearshore environments leads to the formation of oil-particle aggregates (OPAs). The environmental risks of marine oil are highly related to the fate and transport behaviors of OPAs in coastal aquifers, which yet remains unclear. In this study, we systematically investigated the transport of OPAs with different clay minerals types and particle-to-oil ratios (C_p/C_o) in both coarse and fine media at different flow rates (10, 50 and 150 m/day). We found that the transport behavior of OPAs in porous media was greatly affected by the clay mineral type, C_p/C_o ratio, and the porous media size. Particularly, owing to the stronger electrostatic repulsion, higher hydrophilicity, and smaller size, kaolinite-based OPAs (K-OPAs) exhibited higher mobility than montmorillonite-based OPAs (M-OPAs) in coarse media. While, both K-OPAs and M-OPAs had limited mobility in fine media due to straining. Moreover, we found that different C_p/C_o ratio induced different mobility of OPAs in porous media with different sizes. Specifically, K-OPAs with higher C_p/C_o ratio demonstrated enhanced transport in coarse media due to the reduced particle size and lower hydrophobicity, while K-OPAs with lower C_p/C_o exhibited great mobility in fine media due to the elastic deformability. This work has implications for the prediction of the environmental fate of oil spill residues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125397"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and verification of a microbial consortium with an anchoring-interface enhancement strategy for efficient PAHs degradation in groundwater","authors":"Wang Kai Tong ,&nbsp;Jiajun Hu ,&nbsp;Chaomeng Dai ,&nbsp;Jia Jie Zou ,&nbsp;Han Tang ,&nbsp;Piao Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Min-tian Gao ,&nbsp;Jixiang Li ,&nbsp;Xihua Wang ,&nbsp;Yalei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ken-Lin Chang ,&nbsp;Kah Hon Leong ,&nbsp;Yeap Swee Pin ,&nbsp;Lang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) threaten 30% of drinking water sources worldwide. Compared to single strains or physicochemical approaches, microbial consortium provides a more stable and adaptive solution for complex groundwater remediation. Existing construction strategies focus too much on static degradation rates but overlook microbial migration under hydrodynamic disturbances. This leads to overestimations of dynamic remediation performance. Informed by the unique structural and functional traits of microorganisms, this study developed a microbial consortium capable of anchoring in groundwater porous media and enhancing interfacial bioavailability. Three strains were selected from 100 candidates to form the consortium: <em>Agrobacterium pusense</em> BN2 (anchoring via slime layer), <em>Pseudoxanthomonas beigongshangi</em> FL2 (bioavailability enhancement), and <em>Pseudoxanthomonas beigongshangi</em> BN8 (high degradation). This consortium degraded 16.02 mg/L of phenanthrene. It was found that <em>Agrobacterium pusense</em> BN2′s slime layers exhibit a dual regulatory mechanism: <em>β</em>-Sheet/<em>α</em>-Helix proteins form a highly stable corona that drives microbial consortium transport toward the pollutant source; the polysaccharide matrix anchors the microbial consortium to the pollutant source and resists water flow impact to regulate transport and anchoring. In a saturated soil microcosm, the microbial consortium increased the bioavailability of difficult to degrade bulk crystalline PAHs to 39.1 mg/kg. Ecological acute toxicity decreased by 88.3% compared to the phenanthrene contaminated control group. This mechanism results from the cooperative effects within the microbial consortium. It is also linked to the increased abundance of key genes in the degradation pathway. This study provided a new design perspective and paradigm for the design of application oriented microbial consortium, and offered a framework to construct remediation strategies based on bacterial functional structures for PAHs removal in groundwater dynamic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125439"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employing K-means clustering to reconstruct missing water surface elevations in LiDAR digital elevation models for hydrodynamic simulation","authors":"Liming Liu ,&nbsp;Takahiro Koshiba ,&nbsp;Keiko Wada ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Chiachih Chang ,&nbsp;Haruki Matsui ,&nbsp;Shunsei Ono ,&nbsp;Kenji Kawaike","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) data are essential for reliable hydrodynamic modeling of runoff processes, particularly for estimating runoff depth. However, DEM data inherently contain uncertainties over river and lake surfaces and along riverbanks. To address this issue, this study proposes a reconstruction approach in which river and riverbank sites are identified using a k-means clustering algorithm, riverbank elevations are reconstructed with inverse distance weighting, and river and lake elevations within a specified range are replaced with the minimum riverbank elevation to estimate water surface elevations. Validation indicates that estimated water surface elevations closely match observed values (R² = 0.98) and correspond to historical normal levels, although slight overestimations occur at a few locations relative to historical peak water levels. Comparing hydrodynamic simulation results before and after DEM reconstruction, river storage was overestimated due to negative uncorrected river surface elevations, leading to underestimated runoff depths near rivers. Overall, this study provides a method for estimating water surface elevations based on DEM data, offering a reference for more accurate runoff simulations and urban flood risk prediction in area with data scarcity or uncertainty in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125409"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-confinement strategy enabling ultrahigh filler loading in adsorptive membranes for selective TBBPA separation and antifouling performance","authors":"Chao Yu ,&nbsp;Junjie Ni ,&nbsp;Daoyue Xie ,&nbsp;Yilin Wu ,&nbsp;Huinan Che ,&nbsp;Yanhui Ao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.125408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorptive membranes (AMs) are promising for treating nontraditional water sources, yet their efficiencies are often limited by the poor accessibility of adsorption sites and a moderate binding affinity. Here, we combine a tandem delayed phase inversion method (DPIM) with molecularly imprinted technology (MIT) to create surface-confined imprinting sites for Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), resulting in TBBPA molecularly imprinted membranes (TB-MIMs). In detail, the functionalized mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (FMSNs) are dispersed as fillers into the coagulation bath, and the water/N, N‑dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/ethanol ratio is systematically varied to control and quantify the distribution of FMSNs across the substrate. This solvent composition strategy coordinates phase separation, indirectly positioning recognition cavities at the transport interface. The resulting TB‑MIMs reaches a TBBPA binding capacity of 415.00 mg g⁻¹ within 10 min and exhibits a high selectivity factor over structural analogues-bisphenol A (BPA), 4, 4′‑dihydroxybiphenyl (DDBP), and p‑tert‑butylphenol (BP), outperforming most reported materials. The synergy between the ultra-high accessible surface area and the development of well-matched TBBPA recognition sites supports the findings above. Furthermore, the structural integrity and reusability of the TB-MIMs were confirmed through extensive antifouling evaluations, repeated cycling, and testing in real water (Chao Lake). Overall, this work establishes a generalizable framework that couples membrane formation with filler placement, enabling coordinated control of membrane structure and advancing the development of high‑performance AMs for the selective capture and separation of target contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 125408"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}