Water Research最新文献

{"title":"State estimation in water distribution system via diffusion on the edge space","authors":"Bulat Kerimov, Maosheng Yang, Riccardo Taormina, Franz Tscheikner-Gratl","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.122980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.122980","url":null,"abstract":"The steady state of a water distribution system abides by the laws of mass and energy conservation. Hydraulic solvers, such as the one used by EPANET approach the simulation for a given topology with a Newton-Raphson algorithm. However, iterative approximation involves a matrix inversion which acts as a computational bottleneck and may significantly slow down the process. In this work, we propose to rethink the current approach for steady state estimation to leverage the recent advancements in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) hardware. Modern GPUs enhance matrix multiplication and enable memory-efficient sparse matrix operations, allowing for massive parallelization. Such features are particularly beneficial for state estimation in infrastructure networks, which are characterized by sparse connectivity between system elements. To realize this approach and tap into the potential of GPU-enhanced parallelization, we reformulate the problem as a diffusion process on the edges of a graph. Edge-based diffusion is inherently related to conservation laws governing a water distribution system. Using a numerical approximation scheme, the diffusion leads to a state of the system that satisfies mass and energy conservation principles. Using existing benchmark water distribution systems, we show that the proposed method allows parallelizing thousands of hydraulic simulations simultaneously with very high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable deep learning for acoustic leak detection in water distribution systems","authors":"Ziyang Xu, Haixing Liu, Guangtao Fu, Run Zheng, Tarek Zayed, Shuming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123076","url":null,"abstract":"Leak detection is crucial for ensuring the safety of water systems and conserving water resources. However, current research on machine learning methods for leak detection focuses excessively on model development while neglecting model interpretability, which leads to transparency and credibility issues in practical applications. This study proposes the multi-channel convolution neural network (MCNN) model and compares the performance of the MCNN model with the existing benchmark algorithm (i.e., frequency convolutional neural network (FCNN)) using both experimental and real field data. Additionally, Multi-channel Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (MGrad-CAM) was introduced to visualize the decision-making criterion of the model and identify critical signatures of acoustic signals. The study also employed clustering methods to analyze the impact mechanisms of various factors (i.e., pressure, leak flow rate, and distance) on acoustic signals from a machine learning perspective. Results show that the MCNN method outperformed the FCNN across laboratory and real-world datasets, achieving a high accuracy rate of 95.4% in real-field scenarios. Using the MGrad-CAM, the interpretability of the DL model was analyzed, successfully identifying and visualizing the critical signatures of leak acoustic signals with more precise and fine-grained details. Additionally, this study clusters leak signals into two patterns and confirms that the bandwidth of the leak acoustic signal increases with higher pressure, closer proximity to the leak, and higher leak flow rates. It has also been discovered that the high-frequency components of the signal assist the model in more accurately detecting leaks. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the decision-making criterion of the leak detection model and the mechanism of the leak acoustic signal generation.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae inactivation during water disinfection by underwater plasma bubbles: preferential reactive species production and subcellular mechanisms","authors":"Mengying Zhu, Renwu Zhou, Mingyan Zhang, Yue Feng, Xiaoran Wang, Shuai Yuan, Dingwei Gan, Jing Sun, Rusen Zhou, Ruonan Ma, Dingxin Liu, Patrick J. Cullen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123081","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating challenges posed by water resource contamination, especially exacerbated by health concerns associated with microbial fungi threats, necessitate advanced disinfection technologies. Within this context, non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated within bubble column reactors emerges as a promising antifungal strategy. The effects of direct plasma bubbles within different discharge modes and thus-produced plasma activated water (PAW) on the inactivation of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> are investigated. Results show that plasma bubbles generated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) mode can effectively inactivate yeast cells (∼4.4 logs reduction) within 1 min, outperforming the spark discharge (SD). In this case, SD can cause a significant portion of cell necrosis, possibly due to the high electric field at the bubble interface. In PAW, DBD and SD produce different dominant long-lived oxygen and nitrogen species, while the crucial short-lived species in yeast apoptosis are both attributed to the singlet oxygen (¹O₂) as confirmed by scavenger testing. The detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes further illustrates the role of PAW in causing apoptosis. Overall, this study demonstrates the discharge mode-dependent modulation of reactive chemistry in plasma-liquid interactions and provides new insights into the subcellular mechanism of plasma-enabled yeast inactivation for water resource decontamination.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the role of stratified extracellular polymeric substances in membrane-based microalgae harvesting: thermodynamic and computational insights","authors":"Wenxin Song, Jiaying Ma, Shiyong Miao, Qipeng Zhao, Huaqiang Chu, Xuefei Zhou, Yalei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123079","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane separation technology has emerged as a highly energy-efficient method for microalgae enrichment and harvesting in wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling caused by algal cells and stratified extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) remains a critical barrier to its industrial-scale application. This study meticulously investigates the micro process of algae-derived pollutants stacking to the membrane surface affected by stratified EPS. The fouling process resulting from algal cell particle deposition and cake layer formation are clearly simulated using a semi-coupled computational method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Discrete Element Method (DEM) for the first time. The results reveal that the hydrophilic component and spatial network structure of soluble EPS (S-EPS) effectively impede the algae-membrane adhesion, and enable the algal cake layer exhibit \"dynamic membrane\" characteristic to enhance the organic matter retention. In contrast, bound EPS (B-EPS) with higher protein content exhibits a stronger fouling potential and adhesion tendency of algal cells. The influence of stratified EPS on the variation of thermodynamic interaction with contact scale in the sphere-plane/sphere-sphere model is inventively conducted. Based on different algal cell filtration modes, a sequential increase in the eigenvalue n was observed by delaminating EPS layer by layer, indicative of a more severe membrane pore blockage. The semi-coupled CFD-DEM method provides a quantitative analysis of the deposition process, offering spatial resolution and force analysis for algal-derived pollutants. Additionally, we propose a novel calculation method to reverse the deposition process based on the particle stress, providing a valuable reference for simulating membrane-based microalgae harvesting under the influence of stratified EPS.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption and immobilization of phosphorus in eutrophic lake water and sediments by a novel red soil based porous aerogel","authors":"Mengting Wu, Xinlong Hua, Zhifei Ma, Yalan Zhang, Wei Liu, Qi Li, Yanyan Zhong, Wenrong Xiong, Yankai Zhou, Xiaohao Guo, Yondong Zhang, Jianjun Dai, Xianchuan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123078","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively mitigate global eutrophication in lakes, regulating sedimentary phosphorus release remains a primary strategy. Enhancing the adsorption and stabilization performance of passivating agents is integral to addressing endogenous phosphorus pollution in aquatic systems. This study presents a novel aerogel with a high specific surface area (663.06 m²/g) and a mean pore size of 2.78 nm, synthesized from cost-effective and abundant red soil. Batch experiments demonstrated that the red soil aerogel (RSA) achieved a maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity of 23.29 mg P/g, surpassing lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) by 1.5 times. The RSA exhibited phosphorus removal efficiencies between 82% and 97% across a pH range of 4 to 9. Moreover, RSA retained a removal rate exceeding 95% in the presence of common ions (SO₄^2-, Cl^-, and NO₃^-) at concentrations of 100 mg/L, showing minimal performance reduction even under high HCO₃^2- concentrations. The comprehensive analysis identifies electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange, and Lewis acid-base interactions as the primary mechanisms driving phosphate adsorption onto the RSA surface. RSA exhibited a strong capacity to immobilize phosphorus within sediments, achieving an 83.0% to 97.5% reduction in endogenous phosphorus release into the overlying lake water and promoting the conversion of mobile phosphorus into NaOH-P. After 38 days of hypoxic incubation, active phosphorus levels in surface sediments were reduced by over 60% compared to the control group. The findings highlight RSA's potential as an effective passivating agent for mitigating internal pollution. This study presents a cost-efficient porous silicon-aluminum aerogel with high phosphorus adsorption efficiency, synthesized using the readily available red soil from southern China, offering a viable strategy to address endogenous phosphorus release in eutrophic lake environments.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrathin Zwitterionic COF Membranes from Colloidal 2D-COF towards Precise Molecular Sieving","authors":"Xinliang Zhang, Xueting Zhao, Jinshan Sun, Yubin He, Bin Wu, Liang Ge, Jiefeng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123073","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane technology is an important component of resource recovery. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with inherent long-range ordered structure and permanent porosity are ideal materials for fabricating advanced membrane. Zwitterionic COFs have unique features beyond single ionic COFs containing anions or cations. Here, a zwitterionic colloidal 2D-COF (TpPa-Py) is synthesized via a single-phase method. ultrathin zwitterionic COF membranes are fabricated via a facile blade-coating method. Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that due to the unique amphiphilic nature of the TpPa-Py, the TpPa₁-Py₁ membrane exhibits high level permeance and rejection of both positively and negatively charged dyes. Moreover, the TpPa₁-Py₁ membrane exhibits excellent dye/dye and dye/salt separation performance. The selectivity factors were 89 for the separation of acid blue and rhodamine B, and 47.8 for the separation of methyl blue and NaCl. This work provides a promising solution for the development of high-performance membranes tailored for resource recovery of dye wastewater, addressing a critical need in water treatment.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between phosphate and arsenic in iron/biochar-treated groundwater: corrosion control insights from column experiments","authors":"Yu Feng, Carol J. Ptacek, David W. Blowes, Yiqun Gan, Xianjun Xie, Y. Zou Finfrock, Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123072","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of studies have reported the coexistence of arsenic (As) and phosphorus at high concentrations in groundwater, which threatens human health and increases the complexity of groundwater remediation. However, limited work has been done regarding As interception in the presence of phosphate in flowing systems. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the interactions between phosphate and As during As removal by iron (Fe)-based biochar (FeBC). The addition of phosphate promoted As removal by FeBC in the batch and column experiments. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis provided evidence of simultaneous oxidation and reduction of trivalent arsenic in the FeBC column experiment, accompanied by corrosive Fe(0) oxidation. However, the addition of phosphate enhanced As stabilization, attributed to the As-incorporated Fe-Ca-phosphates precipitates. The involvement of phosphate decelerated the Fe(0) corrosion and the formation of secondary minerals in the column, mediating the risk of passivation and clogging. The As retained by Fe-Ca-phosphate precipitates was more readily oxidized, resulting in higher proportions of pentavalent arsenic. The results of this work identify the corrosion control and sustained-release roles of phosphate in FeBC application, informing the perspective of FeBC in As-contaminated groundwater remediation and providing new insights into the interactions between phosphate and As.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of interspecific interactions underlying the nonlinear relationship between active biomass and pollutant degradation capacity in bioelectrochemical systems","authors":"Jingkai Zhao, Manli Rao, Hanyu Zhang, Qinlin Wang, Yao Shen, Jiexu Ye, Ke Feng, Shihan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123071","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a switching operating mode that alternates between microbial fuel cell (MFC) and microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) to restore the biofilm activity and organic pollutant degradation capacity in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) during prolonged operation. After the model switching, the toluene degradation kinetics in BESs equipped with graphite sheet (GS) and polyaniline@carbon nanotubes (PANI@CNTs) bioanodes were elevated by 2.10 and 3.14 times, respectively. Nevertheless, the amount of active biomass in the GS and PANI@CNTs bioanodes only increased by 1.04 and 1.05 times, with the PANI@CNTs bioanode consistently outperforming in hierarchical biofilm activity and redox properties. Additionally, the distribution of functional genes across the dominant genera revealed their roles in extracellular electron transfer and the four steps of toluene degradation (primary oxidation, ring-opening, intermediate oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid cycle). Furthermore, the cooperation of substrate exchange among <em>Pseudomonas, Alicycliphilus</em>, and <em>Acidovorax</em> in the MFC mode evolved to interactions among <em>Acidovorax, Alicycliphilus</em>, and <em>Geobacter</em> in the MEC mode, which attributed to the nonlinear relationship between active biomass and pollutant degradation capacity. These results provide insights into the operating mode and interspecific interactions of BESs, with implications for practical applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced peroxone reaction with amphoteric oxide modulation for efficient decontamination of challenging wastewaters: Comparative performance, economic evaluation, and pilot-scale implementation","authors":"Yi-Shuo Zhang, Xin-Jia Chen, Xin-Tong Huang, Chang-Wei Bai, Pi-Jun Duan, Zhi-Quan Zhang, Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123058","url":null,"abstract":"The peroxone reaction, a promising alternative technology for water treatment, is traditionally hampered by its restricted pH operational range and suboptimal oxidant utilization. In this study, we introduced a novel amphoteric metal oxide (ZnO)-regulated peroxone system that transcended the pH limitations of conventional peroxone processes. Our innovative approach exploited the unique properties of ZnO to regulate the reaction pathway of the traditional O₃/H₂O₂ (or peroxymonosulfate, PMS) processes, resulting in a 52.4 % (64.9 %) increase in the removal efficiency of electron-deficient pollutant atrazine under acidic conditions (pH=5.8). This was achieved through the facilitated generation of hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) and sulfate radicals (SO₄^•-), alongside a marked increase in the utilization efficiency of O₃, thus reducing the requisite amount of oxidant. The primary active sites within this system were identified as zinc-oxidant sites, with the critical interfacial interactions between ZnO and oxidants elucidated through comprehensive analytical techniques. These studies reveal that ZnO acted as an electron acceptor, with H₂O₂ (or PMS) serving as the electron donor, leading to the formation of a reactive intermediate. This intermediate subsequently engaged with O₃, producing secondary radicals such as HO₂^• (SO₅^•-) and O₃^•-, which were instrumental in generating the final radical species, ^•OH and SO₄^•-. The efficacy of this ZnO-regulated peroxone process was validated through resistance to interference tests, treatment of pilot-scale coking wastewater (mineralization rate of over 70 %), and extensive biological toxicity evaluations, all of which validated the system's robust degradation capability, stability, and significant detoxification potential. A detailed comparison of reaction systems with conventional technologies using Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) further highlighted the advantages. This investigation offers a groundbreaking solution for the treatment of complex wastewater, showcasing the substantial promise of ZnO-catalyzed peroxone for practical wastewater treatment applications.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of DBPs from Dissolved Organic Matter by Solar Photolysis of Chlorine: Associated Changes of Cytotoxicity and Reactive Species","authors":"Chuze Chen, Xiating Zhao, Haoran Chen, Zhigang Li, Boyun Ma, Yuting Wang, Qiming Xian","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2024.123074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.123074","url":null,"abstract":"Since elevated amounts of chlorine disinfectant were discharged into surface water, more attention should be paid to the reactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorine under sunlight. However, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formed from DOM by solar photolysis of chlorine, and changes of cytotoxicity during this process remain unclear. In this study, it was found that solar photolysis of chlorine significantly promoted the formation of aliphatic chlorinated DBPs and aromatic chlorinated DBPs (including chlorobenzoquinone) by 44.7–109% and 81.7–121%, respectively compared with dark chlorination. Unknown total organic chlorine contained in low molecular weight fraction (&lt; 1kD) significantly positively correlated to the cytotoxicity of water samples. Several factors (bicarbonate, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, ammonia, bromide, and iodide) affecting the radical chemistry, and the formation of DBPs under solar photolysis of chlorine were also investigated. Reactive species including HO^•, Cl^•, O₃, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) were responsible for forming different DBPs. Especially O₃ increased the formation of most categories of DBPs tested in this study, and RNS contributed to the formation of nitrogenous DBPs. This study provided more understanding of the adverse impact of overused chlorine, and reaction mechanisms between reactive species and DOM.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}