Water Research最新文献

{"title":"A stochastic assessment of basin hydrological dynamics for evaluating low flow probability and environmental water availability in subtropical climate.","authors":"Sribas Kanji, Subhasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding basin hydrological dynamics is essential, as climate change-induced extreme events and water overutilization reduce water resource availability. This study shows that integrating environmental flow (E-flow), dependable flow, drought quantification, and low-flow approaches under climate change provides a comprehensive framework for assessing reliable water resources in subtropical catchments. Applying the Tennant method, flow-duration-curve-integrated probability models, a hybrid composite drought index (CDI), multiple climate change indicators, and low-flow frequency methods, the study finds pronounced seasonal and spatial variability in E-flows. Inflows frequently fail to meet ecological thresholds, particularly in the Kangsabati upper catchment (KBUC). According to the E-flow analysis, the healthy river flow and minimum survival flow should be 44.67 and 22.34 m³/s, respectively, during the wet season in KBUC, whereas observed inflows are only 14.46 and 6.88 m³/s. Integrating flow duration curves with probability models effectively captures hydrological extremes. The Log-normal model [R² = 0.994 in KBUC and 0.990 in Konar upper catchment (KRUC)] and GEV model are reliable for monsoon periods, while GEV (R² = 0.997 in KBUC) and Log Pearson-III (R² = 0.602 in KRUC) are suitable for lean periods. Such deterioration has occurred due to rainfall uncertainty, as found in drought indices and multi-dimensional rainfall trend assessment. The hybrid CDI approach improves drought assessment accuracy (78-90%), with rainfall, soil moisture, and land surface temperature identified as key drivers. Drought intensity has increased since the late 1990s, peaking between 2006 and 2010 due to monsoon variability and prolonged dry spells. Statistical models indicate declining low-flow conditions and increased vulnerability to extreme drought, underscoring the need for adaptive water management. Here, drought variability and low-flow availability are linked to regional rainfall characteristics. This study found that rainfall has declined over the long term, with a partial recovery after 2011, corresponding to reduced drought severity. Conclusively, climate change amplifies hydrological extremes and drives instability in KBUC, while KRUC remains relatively stable.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt A","pages":"126792"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating molecular fingerprints of dissolved organic nitrogen between natural soil and iron-based sorption media for stormwater treatment.","authors":"Jinxiang Cheng, Andrea Valencia, Diana Ordonez, Amy M McKenna, Ni-Bin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) remains a significantly under-investigated component in the disruptive nitrogen cycle especially in different soils or specialty adsorbents that can efficiently remove inorganic nitrogen after pollution when simultaneously retaining, removing and remaking DON. The complexity of DON fate, transport, and transformation processes in low impact development infrastructure design is still a pending question for stormwater treatment. To compare different DON degradation pathways and clarify inherent complexity, we integrated paired influent-effluent column experiments with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, molecular descriptor and zonation analyses, fate-resolved reaction inference, Kendrick mass defect-based network analysis, and depth-resolved nitrogen-cycling gene profiling to examine DON transformation in natural soil, biosorption activated media (BAM), and two iron-filings-based green environmental media (IFGEM1 and IFGEM3) under three nitrate-phosphate loading conditions. Across the three nutrient-loading conditions, IFGEM1 and IFGEM3 achieved NOx-N (NO₃⁻-N + NO₂⁻-N) removal efficiencies of 98.6-99.2% and 98.9-99.9%, respectively, while their effluents showed systematic shifts in the assigned CHON formula pool. Relative to natural soil, IFGEM effluents showed lower relative contributions of condensed aromatic-like formulas and higher contributions of protein/amino sugar-like formulas, together with greater formula richness and stronger separation in molecular descriptor space, most notably for IFGEM3. Natural soil increasingly retained a lignin-rich, oxidizing-saturated DON pool as loading increased, whereas IFGEM3 promoted greater removed-to-produced turnover and concentrated newly produced DON in reducing-saturated chemical space under higher loading. Increasing N and P loading also redistributed inferred transformation portfolios: natural soil and BAM retained broader, more mixed reaction spectra, whereas IFGEM1 and IFGEM3 shifted towards more selective pathway combinations. KMD-derived formula-association networks showed broader cross-class connectivity in IFGEM3 than in natural soil, with the network edges interpreted as putative molecular linkages rather than confirmed transformations. Pre-spiking qPCR profiles showed depth-dependent differences in baseline nitrogen-cycling gene abundances. Overall, iron-based engineered media were associated with systematic restructuring of the detectable DON molecular composition across the tested nutrient-loading conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt A","pages":"126789"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering iron-polyphenol systems for priority pollutant removal: From coordination chemistry to water treatment applications.","authors":"Xinwu Zhang, Han Meng, Jia Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron (Fe)-based materials are widely used in water pollution but often suffer from particle agglomeration, surface passivation, restricted Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling, Fe leaching, and activity decline under neutral and complex conditions. Polyphenolic molecules, rich in coordinating/reducing groups such as catechol and galloyl groups, can coordinate Fe species, regulate Fe dissolution and stabilization, mediate interfacial electron transfer, and thereby alter reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the molecular basis of polyphenol-regulated Fe chemistry by comparing single polyphenols with polyphenol-rich plant extracts. It examines Fe-polyphenol coordination, homogeneous and heterogeneous system design, fabrication strategies, and the use of advanced characterization and modelling to resolve Fe speciation and reaction pathways. Structure-activity relationships governing adsorption/complexation, reductive transformation, advanced oxidation, coagulation/coprecipitation, and cascade coupling processes are critically evaluated. Applications for metals/metalloids, nitrogen species, pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, endocrine-disruptors, dyes, industrial organic compounds, and microplastics are comparatively assessed. The effects of pH and coexisting water constituents are also discussed. Finally, key challenges in complex aqueous matrices, including polyphenol-source variability, stability, scale-up, byproducts risks, and life-cycle impacts, are identified. This review provides a framework linking polyphenol structure, Fe coordination chemistry, and pollutant-specific treatment pathways for the rational design of Fe-polyphenol water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt A","pages":"126786"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response characteristics of the symbiotic flocs system of bacteria and algae in treating Marine aquaculture wastewater with oxytetracycline","authors":"Tingting Tian, Hongwei Rong, Jingyin Wang, Lei Wang, Dongxu Wu, Jian Ma, Dengpan Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126784","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the use of bacterial-algal symbiotic flocs (BASS) to treat marine aquaculture wastewater containing low concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC). Compared with the activated sludge system (AS) and the <ce:italic>Chlorella</ce:italic> sp. system (CS), the BASS system was found to consistently remove 82.03 ± 11.53% of ammonia nitrogen without nitrate accumulation, and achieved a consistent removal rate of 85.91 ± 12.49% for OTC. The BASS system achieved a more stable defense mechanism through the gradient accumulation of humic substances under the pressure of different concentrations of OTC, tyrosine-like substances were found in the inner layer of EPS. High concentrations of OTC would inhibit the nitrification, denitrification, and heterotrophic nitrate reduction pathways of the BASS system, reduce the oxidation decarboxylation reaction, and decrease the content of NADH. The spread of ARGs in the BASS system mainly occurred through IS1380, IS66, and recombinase. This study confirmed the potential of the BASS system for treating marine aquaculture wastewater and helped us better understand the resistance mechanism when facing fluctuations in antibiotic concentrations, providing ideas for controlling the spread of ARGs.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward the full utilization of storage capacity: Urban drainage system operation integrating deep reinforcement learning and green infrastructure.","authors":"Xinran Wu, Wenchong Tian, Zhiyu Zhang, Alessandro Stocchino, Xinyu He, Zhenliang Liao, Zhiguo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green infrastructure (GI) and real-time control (RTC) are jointly employed to enhance flooding and combined sewer overflow (CSO) control in urban drainage systems (UDSs). However, it remains unclear whether RTC fully leverages the additional storage capacity created by GI to effectively mitigate flooding and CSOs, owing to the lack of effective theoretical guidance for the integrated use of GI and RTC. In this study, a new index, the GI cooperative index (GCI), is developed to quantify how effectively an integrated GI-RTC system converts GI-induced inflow reductions into reductions in flooding and CSO. Regression analysis of the relationship underlying GCI further provides an empirical characterization of the controller's baseline control capability and its capacity to exploit the potential operational margins created by GI. GCI is further integrated into the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) training process to explicitly encourage the agent to utilize the favorable hydraulic conditions created by GI, following a knowledge-fusion paradigm. Application to a model UDS located in eastern China demonstrates that training DRL agents in a GI-integrated environment substantially improves coordination between GI and the DRL controller, and incorporating GCI into the reward function yields further enhancements. In addition, a response-function-based interpretation offers a preliminary control-theoretic perspective on RTC in UDSs and provides a basis for further theoretical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"308 Pt A","pages":"126788"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-off mechanisms between N2O emissions and nitrogen multifunctionality in a lake littoral mesocosm wetland under seasonal water-level fluctuations: insights from metagenomics and machine learning","authors":"Rui Su, Dayong Zhao, Xiaomin Zhang, Qinglong L. Wu, Jin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126777","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater littoral wetlands are hydrologically dynamic interfaces that regulate nitrogen (N) metabolism (e.g., removal, retention, and N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emission); however, the effect of seasonal water-level fluctuations on N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions and nitrogen multifunctionality (NMF) remains poorly quantified. This hydrological variability challenges accurate estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and complicates ecosystem management strategies that aim to balance climate mitigation with ecosystem functions and sustainability. Here, using a water-level controlled mesocosm at Poyang Lake Wetland Research Station, China, we combine static-chamber measurements, <ce:sup loc=\"post\">15</ce:sup>N isotope pairing, metagenomic binning, and an interpretable causal machine learning framework to elucidate the microbial mechanisms and environmental thresholds governing the trade-off between limiting N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions and maintaining NMF. N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O flux (−27.678 to 86.791 μg m<ce:bold><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup></ce:bold><ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> h<ce:bold><ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup></ce:bold><ce:sup loc=\"post\">1</ce:sup>) was observed at the source-sink transition with rising water levels, whereas NMF was higher in both the continuously dry (0.379) and wet (0.158) zones than in zones subject to water-level fluctuations. A functional quadrant plot revealed the asynchronous relationship between N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions and NMF maintenance. Metagenomic binning demonstrated that distinct dominant microbial taxa mediated N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O and NMF and their trade off via cooperative and competitive interactions. Moreover, key thresholds, including soil organic matter contents and abundances of hao, <ce:italic>hzsABC</ce:italic>, nosZII, <ce:italic>nirKS</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>nasAB</ce:italic> genes, drive the system toward a low-emissions and high-function state. This study clarifies the trade-off mechanisms between N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions and NMF maintenance, and provides an ecological basis for the precision management of climate mitigation and ecosystem resilience in aquatic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upscaling Shock Wave Electrodialysis for Scalable Deionization","authors":"Yu-I Lin, Po-Chih Tseng, Hyunook Kim, Yupo J Lin, Shu-Yuan Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126770","url":null,"abstract":"Shock wave electrodialysis (SWED) leverages microfluidic channels within surface-charged porous materials to induce ion concentration polarization under over-limiting current conditions, enabling energy-efficient water reclamation and resource recovery. To date, only a limited number of studies have evaluated single-cell SWED prototypes using borosilicate glass frit (BSGF) operated at a mini-scale with an active membrane area of 200 mm² per cell and superficial flow velocities of 10 <ce:sup loc=\"post\">-5</ce:sup>∼10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-6</ce:sup> m/s. Here, we report a bench-scale, multi-cell SWED module based on a cation-exchange membrane configuration, featuring an active membrane area of 4,000 mm² per cell and a superficial velocity of approximately 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">-4</ce:sup> m/s, representing a two-order-of-magnitude increase in throughput compared with previous studies. We further developed a cation-exchange resin wafer that serves as a promising alternative porous medium for electrodialysis-based systems operating under over-limiting current conditions, and systematically compared its performance with that of conventional BSGF. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable deionization efficiency over 90% with continuous operations around 60 minutes, with a remarkable current efficiency of 64 ± 12% (<ce:italic>n</ce:italic> = 4), depending on operating conditions and stack configurations. We further elucidate the mechanisms of ion concentration polarization induced by over-limiting current under varying operational conditions. Finally, we propose design strategies to optimize SWED reactors, highlighting the trade-offs among separation efficiency, water recovery, and energy consumption. This study demonstrates for the first time that SWED energy efficiency can be significantly enhanced through geometric optimization, with thinner channels and multi-cell configurations preserving treatment capacity and deionization performance at lower energy consumption. This study marks an important milestone in advancing SWED toward practical scale-up, demonstrating its potential as an energy-efficient platform for large-scale water treatment and deionization.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligand-Mediated Electron Transfer in pH-Tolerant Mn(II)/Fe(VI) Bimetallic System: High-Valent Iron-Oxo Generation for Efficient Antibiotic Removal","authors":"Jia-Xuan Ou-Yang, Xin-Jia Chen, Yu-Kun Huang, Jia-He Guo, Pi-Jun Duan, Xin-Yi Zhang, Chang-Wei Bai, Zhi-Quan Zhang, Jing Wang, Ming-Jie Huang, Ying Shao, Xiao-Wei Xu, Jin-Song Guo, Fei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126780","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrate-based advanced oxidation processes (Fe(VI)-AOPs) show promise for antibiotic abatement in water, but their practical application is typically limited by pH sensitivity, unstable active species, and insufficient electron transfer in real water matrices. To address these issues, we developed a novel ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-bridged Mn(II)/Fe(VI) bimetallic synergistic system. Such a unique system could achieve 96.26% degradation of target antibiotics within 2 min via a non-radical direct electron transfer pathway, with stable performance across a wide pH range (5.0-9.0) relevant to natural and engineered water systems. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that EDTA functioned as a ligand to stabilize Mn(II) by complexation, suppressed the disproportionation of Mn(III) intermediates, key processes that enhanced pollutant removal. Moreover, the EDTA-Mn complex acted as an electron mediator, facilitating the conversion of Fe(VI) to highly reactive high-valent iron-oxo species (Fe(IV)=O and Fe(V)=O) and establishing a synergistic reaction pathway of ligand regulation-metal cycling-electron transfer-high-valent iron generation. Notably, computational toxicology combined with multi-level biological assays (microbial inhibition, phytotoxicity, and animal developmental toxicity) demonstrated that the system could effectively degrade antibiotics and also substantially reduce their acute and chronic ecotoxicity, addressing a critical gap in conventional AOPs that often overlook post-degradation ecological risks. This study systematically clarified the molecular mechanisms, catalytic oxidation performance, and environmental safety of the ligand-bridged bimetallic system, providing a robust basis for developing green, stable, and scalable water treatment technologies suitable for real-world antibiotic remediation.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to \"Sulfur disproportionation in engineered environmental systems: A critical review of mechanisms, applications, and emerging perspectives\" [Water Research, Volume 300, 1 August 2026, 125856].","authors":"Yu Zhang, Yu-Tong Li, Quan Zhang, Wei Wang, Xue-Ting Wang, Lei Zhao, Ai-Jie Wang, Jun Ma, Duu-Jong Lee, Nan-Qi Ren, Chuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":" ","pages":"126698"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-site interfacial synergy in catalytic ozonation: Oxygen vacancy driven ozone activation and Lewis acid-base mediated pollutant enrichment over zirconia membranes","authors":"Xinyang Zhang, Zhaoxuan Fei, Yuqi Hong, Yuzhou Zhao, Yingning Mao, Weijia Gong, Guibai Li, Jiaxuan Yang, Heng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2026.126772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2026.126772","url":null,"abstract":"Catalytic ozonation is a promising technology for the treatment of complex biological waters, yet its application is often limited by low ozone utilization efficiency and the risk of cell rupture under excessive oxidation conditions. Herein, yttria-doped zirconia catalytic ceramic membranes (Y-ZRCMs) with different Y contents were fabricated to engineer catalytic interfaces with enhanced ozone activation capability. Y doping stabilized the tetragonal/cubic ZRCMs and generated abundant oxygen vacancies, which regulated the surface Lewis acid-base properties and interfacial electronic structure. Oxygen vacancies promoted ozone activation and hydroxyl radical generation, whereas enhanced Lewis acid-base interactions facilitated pollutant enrichment and degradation at the catalytic interface. Among the ZRCMs, 5Y-ZRCM exhibited the best performance, achieving removal efficiencies of 69.4% for geosmin (GSM) and 59.4% for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), while maintaining algal cell retention above 99%. Catalytic ozonation effectively alleviated membrane fouling by reducing reversible fouling resistance and suppressing cake layer formation. In addition, degradation pathway analysis and ECOSAR evaluation demonstrated the progressive transformation of GSM and 2-MIB into less toxic products. This work provides an effective strategy for odor control and fouling mitigation in complex biological water treatment.","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"349 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148853378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}