Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Linking CO2 and CH4 emissions to the microbial community and land cover in tropical headwater streams of Madagascar","authors":"Vonihanitrinaina D.Z. Andriamanantena R ,&nbsp;Yerang Yang ,&nbsp;Yves Mong ,&nbsp;Hojeong Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Headwater streams play a crucial role as significant contributors of greenhouse gases, yet CO₂ (carbon dioxide) and CH₄ (methane) fluxes from tropical African streams are under-represented, resulting in uncertainties in global estimations. We conducted a three-month sampling of 25 sites in the Ikopa River, Madagascar, where we quantified fluxes and assessed their regulating physicochemical, and biological drivers. Ikopa’s headwater streams were a net source of greenhouse gas, with soluble CO₂ at 2483 µatm and dissolved CH₄ concentration at 1.44 µmol L^-1. Low-order steams released a total of 2.58 Gg CO₂ yr^-1 and 0.19 Gg CH₄ yr^-1. Notably, the average CH₄ ebullition was 55.66 mmol <em>m</em>⁻² <em>d</em>⁻¹, approximately 30 times higher than the global average, and streams draining through grassland areas exhibited higher CH₄ emissions. Dissolved oxygen and sediment texture emerged as the primary predictors for CH₄ ebullition rates, while partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) and dissolved CH₄ directly impact CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes. Water temperature, pH level, and <em>mcrA</em> gene abundance directly influenced dissolved CH₄ concentration, while soil organic carbon (SOC) content, water temperature, and <em>mcrA</em> gene abundance indirectly impacted CH₄ fluxes. The results highlight the overlooked role of grasslands in influencing CH₄ emissions in the African tropical river. This study confirms the major role of tropical headwater streams in CH₄ emissions and provides new insight into The link between land cover and greenhouse gas emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123671"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodegradation mechanism of organic contaminants mediated by chlorinated algal organic matter","authors":"Dong Wan,&nbsp;Chengjie Yu,&nbsp;Yafei Zhao,&nbsp;Gaofei Song,&nbsp;Wujuan Mi,&nbsp;Yuxuan Zhu,&nbsp;Changzi Liu,&nbsp;Yonghong Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Algal organic matter (AOM) significantly influences the photochemical behavior of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments. This study investigated the effects of chlorination on the photophysical and photochemical properties of AOM derived from <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>, compared these alterations with those observed for natural organic matter (NOM), and examined their impact on the photodegradation of organic contaminants, with a particular focus on <em>N,N</em>‑diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as a model substrate. The results demonstrated that chlorination substantially altered the photochemical reactivity of AOM. AOM and NOM exhibit distinct reactivities, reflecting their varied molecular compositions and functional groups. Specifically, chlorination reduced the aromaticity (SUVA₂₅₄ decreased by ∼42 %) and molecular weight (decreased by ∼30 %) of AOM, resulting in a shift of fluorescence peaks to lower wavelengths. It also enhanced the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and hydroxyl radical (^•OH). Chlorinated extracellular organic matter (EOM) exhibited a remarkable increase in ^•OH quantum yield, with a 200-fold enhancement at a high free available chlorine (FAC) dose (FAC/TOC ratio of 2.0). The photodegradation of DEET, involved H-abstraction and hydroxylation by ^•OH, was significantly accelerated in chlorinated EOM, highlighting the critical role of chlorinated AOM in driving photosensitized degradation processes. The findings emphasized the role of chlorination in altering AOM's photochemical properties, with significant implications for the enhanced transformation of contaminants in natural and engineered aquatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123674"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) on the chemistry of dissolved organic matter in the Yellow River estuary and adjacent waters","authors":"Donglei Niu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Li ,&nbsp;Yang Tan ,&nbsp;Chao Ma ,&nbsp;Yulin Qi ,&nbsp;Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Jianhui Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in the global carbon cycle and aquatic ecosystem health. Estuaries are critical zones connecting land and ocean in which DOM experiences dispersion, transformation, degradation, deposition, etc. The Water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) was implemented in Yellow River (YR) and approximately half of annually sediment and a quarter of annually water were poured into estuary in around 20 days. Meanwhile, huge amounts of DOM were discharged into Yellow River estuary (YRE) rapidly, but their processes and fates in YRE and adjacent seas are unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular and spectrum compositions of DOM and its associated transformation mechanisms around the YRE and its adjacent sea before (from June 8 to 12, 2022) and after (from July 18 to 22, 2022) the WSRS. A relatively greater amount of highly unsaturated compounds and terrestrial-derived DOM was found with higher aromaticity and humification degree after WSRS, by bulk geochemical techniques, optical spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) techniques. High levels of less photodegraded DOM were found in the estuarine region after WSRS, due to the rapidly pouring huge amount of fresh water and sediment into YRE. The high suspended sediment concentration facilitates the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), especially those sulphur-containing compounds in DOM which decreased both in the relative intensity and number. However, in the long term, WSRS may lead to an increase of DOC in the water column. Along with the YR plume and coastal current, DOM was transported from the YRE to Laizhou Bay to the south and arrived at Bohai Strait to the east. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into estuary DOM variations induced by the intensive dam-orientated regulation in a short term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 123669"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral diversity and auxiliary metabolic genes in rare earth element mine drainage in South China","authors":"Chang Hu ,&nbsp;Jia-nan Lu ,&nbsp;Ziwu Chen ,&nbsp;Li Tian ,&nbsp;Yalin Yin ,&nbsp;Gengbo Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying-heng Fei ,&nbsp;Ye-Tao Tang ,&nbsp;Shizhong Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Jin ,&nbsp;Rongliang Qiu ,&nbsp;Yuanqing Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In extreme environments, viruses play a crucial role in regulating the structure and metabolic activities of microbial communities, thereby impacting the overall biogeochemical cycles. Previous research found that rare earth element acid mine drainage (REE-AMD) harbors a wide array of microbial species. However, our understanding of the viruses that infect these microorganisms remains limited. In this study, we utilized metagenomic analysis to explore the viral diversity, interactions between viruses and their hosts, as well as the viruses encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) within REE-AMD. The results demonstrated that viral communities showed increased diversity with REEs pollution. Furthermore, AMGs exhibited habitat and host specificity. Viruses in water samples contaminated with REEs tended to encode AMGs related to cellular metabolic processes and stress responses to protect their hosts. In contrast, viruses in sediment samples were more likely to encode AMGs associated with nutrient competition, thereby expanding the ecological niches of hosts and viruses. Viruses would carry more AMGs from the dominant prokaryotes. Additionally, under REEs stress, viruses encode a greater number of carbon- and sulfur-related AMGs, influencing the carbon and sulfur cycles of microorganisms in REE-AMD. Overall, our study provides a first systematic characterization of the viral community in REE-AMD, which is crucial for understanding the intricate interactions among viruses, their hosts, and the surrounding environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123666"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-resolved metagenomic analysis reveals a novel denitrifier with truncated nitrite reduction pathway from the genus SC-I-84","authors":"Jiapeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zuo ,&nbsp;Qianqian Chen ,&nbsp;Yanting Lin ,&nbsp;Fangang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the genomic and ecological traits of partial denitrification (PD) bacteria is of high importance for developing wastewater treatment technologies. In this study, a PD-based bioreactor was operated, resulting in a mixed culture dominated by a potentially novel PD functional bacterium (<em>SC-I-84</em>). Progressively increased activity in both nitrate reduction and nitrite production were observed in the <em>SC-I-84</em> enrichment system, whereas the nitrite reduction activity was always negligible. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that <em>SC-I-84</em> was closely related to an uncultured <em>beta-proteobacterium</em> (99 %), whereas its denitrification functional genes (<em>napA, napB, narV, and narY</em>) exhibited evidence of co-evolution with chromosomal genes from the genus <em>Cupriavidus</em>, order <em>Burkholderiales</em>. In the genetic sketch of <em>SC-I-84</em>, only nitrate-reduction genes (<em>nar and nap</em>) were identified, whereas nitrite-reduction genes (<em>nir</em>) were absent. Notably, nitrate reduction genes were adjacent to carbon metabolism genes (<em>sucB/C, mdh, idh</em>) and a high abundance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycling genes were found. This can promote the utilization efficiency of electron donors by nitrate reduction genes in <em>SC-I-84</em>, thus enhancing the denitrification activity. Furthermore, <em>SC-I-84</em> positively cooperated with some bacteria that participate in nitrogen and carbon metabolism and other PD bacteria, but negatively interacted with full-denitrification bacteria. These results indicate that the enrichment of <em>SC-I-84</em> restricted the growth of full-denitrification bacteria, aiding in the maintenance of a stable PD process. Taken together, the meta-genomic analysis of the novel PD functional bacterium is expected to enhance our understanding of PD processes and aid in the development of PD-based wastewater treatment processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 123598"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying spatially targeted organic fertilizer subsidies for water pollution control: An interactive hydro-economic model","authors":"Shuping Wang ,&nbsp;Pan Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Tan ,&nbsp;Linlin Yao ,&nbsp;Cangbai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing a reasonable subsidy policy for organic fertilizer use can enhance manure recycling and mitigate non-point source (NPS) pollution. However, traditional policy analysis methods face challenges in capturing the interactions between real-world hydrological and economic processes, hindering accurate policy assessment and spatially targeted policy formulation. To address this gap, a hydro-economic model was proposed for policy analysis by coupling a microeconomic module based on positive mathematical programming with a semi-distributed eco-hydrological module (the SWAT model). This hydro-economic method overcomes the limitations of traditional models in capturing mutual feedback between hydrological and economic systems by using an iterative algorithm to reveal the interactions among water quantity, pollution loads, and agricultural practices. The pervasive scale mismatches between economic and eco-hydrological modules are also bridged by introducing a hydro-economic decision unit. Moreover, this approach advances previous models by formulating spatially targeted agri-environmental policies and identifying the spatiotemporal variations in NPS pollution under policy incentives. The hydro-economic model was applied to a typical agricultural watershed in northern China. The results indicated that increasing organic fertilizer subsidies from 0 to 1000 yuan/ton led to increased organic fertilizer use and higher farmer income, as well as spatiotemporal variations in NPS pollution and hydrological factors. The total phosphorus (TP) load, water yield, and surface runoff declined as subsidy levels increased, while the total nitrogen (TN) load fluctuated and evapotranspiration increased. The greatest reductions in TN loads occurred in spring (9510 kg), while TP loads were most reduced in summer (2680 kg). Priority areas for policy implementation were identified, where the same subsidies resulted in larger pollution reductions and greater benefits. Targeted subsidy levels have been suggested for each region to maximize the subsidy’s marginal utility in pollution mitigation. The proposed hydro-economic model could be widely applied to policy formulation and planning decisions in other resource management fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123662"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying leachate discharge and assessing environmental risks of gully-type coal-based solid waste dumps in small watersheds: A refined hydrological modeling approach for mitigation strategies","authors":"Xiaofei Wang ,&nbsp;Chaoli Zhao ,&nbsp;Guowei Huang ,&nbsp;Hu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jiu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall-induced leaching from extensive coal-based solid waste storage results in a long-term risk to watershed's water quality and safety. The leachate carries heavy metals and other contaminants, which migrate and accumulate through the watershed, leading to a persistent deterioration of downstream water environment. However, the lack of systematic research on the release, accumulation, and spatial-scale migration dynamics of leachate limits effective management of diffused leachate pollutions. This study presents a novel cross-scale coupling framework which integrates multi-source remote sensing data with Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, employing a strategy that transfers parameters from large basins to accurately quantify the hydrological processes in coal waste sub-basins. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis is performed on the hydrological characteristics, leachate generation, and watershed migration dynamics in gangue dump sub-watersheds, providing a new methodological framework for managing mining-related leachate pollution. The large basin model demonstrated strong performance (R² = 0.79, NSE = 0.66 for calibration; R² = 0.74, NSE = 0.59 for verification), while the sub-basin model exhibited excellent accuracy (R² = 0.94, NSE = 0.92 for calibration; R² = 0.81, NSE = 0.77 for verification). High-resolution drone data estimated the annual leachate production to be 3366.87 m³. Simulations revealed that leachate migration peaks in the summer months (July to September), significantly increasing downstream pollution risks. Risk assessments indicate that vegetation in land restoration areas reduces leachate production and migration via evapotranspiration and other processes. This study provides an adaptable methodological framework for managing mining-related leachate pollution and highlights the critical importance of optimal reclamation strategies for mitigating pollution and restoring degraded landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 123655"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics inhibit lead binding to sediment components: Influence of surface functional groups and charge environment","authors":"Xiao Lu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiawei Li ,&nbsp;Wenqiu Li ,&nbsp;Ruoqun Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Duan ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coexistence of heavy metals and microplastics in sediments is well recognized, yet the interactions within ternary systems remain underexplored, and comprehensive studies addressing the diverse sequences of sediment-microplastic-heavy metal coexistence are lacking. In this study, we systematically investigated the interactions among lead (Pb), polystyrene (PS) microplastics, and sediments (using goethite (Goe) and goethite-humic acid composite (GH) as examples) under different coexistence orders. The presence of PS significantly inhibited Pb adsorption by both Goe and GH. For Goe, adsorption kinetics and hydrochemical condition effects showed that PS reduced the electrostatic repulsion between Goe and Pb, leading to a fourfold increase in the mass transfer rate of Pb to the Goe surface. However, Pb 4f deconvolution indicated competition between PS and Pb for hydroxyl groups on Goe, resulting in a 7.4% reduction in Pb adsorption. In the GH system, hydrophobic interactions and coordination complexes between PS and humic acid on GH inhibited the electrostatic adsorption and mass transfer processes between Pb and GH. Pb adsorption behavior and changes in Pb-O content under different coexistence orders further verified that competition between PS and Pb for carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on GH led to a 28.0% reduction in Pb adsorption. This study highlights the inhibitory effect of PS on Pb adsorption by Goe and GH, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the migration and transformation patterns of microplastics and heavy metals in sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123661"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential ion transport and biomass charges create strong electric fields in anammox granules","authors":"Matteo Tucci ,&nbsp;Federico Aulenta ,&nbsp;Mie Mai Corneliussen ,&nbsp;Luis F.M. Rosa ,&nbsp;Cristian Picioreanu ,&nbsp;Ugo Marzocchi","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying mass transport of substrates and products within biofilms is crucial for the identification of limiting factors and thereby for the optimization of bioprocess. Current models assume that concentration gradients (i.e., molecular diffusion) control the transport of solutes within biofilms. Here, we document for the first time the presence of electric fields within anammox granules. The measured intensity of these electric potential fields was unprecedented (up to 360 V/m) compared to other biological systems. Mathematical modeling indicates that biomass behaves as a weak ion exchanger towards NH₄⁺, thereby inducing a diffusion potential. These electric fields, in turn, support the migration of ions, and the contribution of ionic migration to the total transport of NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ matches the magnitude of molecular diffusion. Our data indicates that neglecting ionic migration could result in significant error in estimating mass transport and therefore limiting reactants and reaction rates within anammox granules and, potentially, in a broader range of natural and artificial biofilms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123663"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of artificial mixing on phytoplankton in a warm stratified drinking water reservoir: Characterization, mechanism, and implication","authors":"Yunhao Bai ,&nbsp;Tinglin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve water quality, water-lifting aerators (WLAs) are usually installed in reservoirs for artificial mixing. In this study, using taxonomic groups methods of phytoplankton, the characteristics and mechanisms of their response to artificial mixing were investigated during a two-year monitoring period in Xikeng Reservoir (XKR) in southern China, and compared the differences in response in the context of higher and lower phytoplankton abundance. The results showed that artificial mixing caused a significant decrease in phytoplankton abundance in the surface water column, but a short-term increase followed by a decrease in phytoplankton in the middle and bottom, and ultimately a homogenization of vertical phytoplankton with complete mixing of the water column. The phytoplankton showed a shift from Cyanobacteria to Bacillariophyta in artificial mixing process, while morphological characteristics of phytoplankton shifted from the larger Volume (V) to the smaller V at the same time. Besides, artificial mixing may be more likely to result in structural variation in lower phytoplankton abundance than in higher abundance. The mixing depth (Z_mix) and light availability (Z_eu/Z_mix; the euphotic depth (Z_eu)) were the key drivers of phytoplankton succession caused by artificial mixing in XKR, rather than water temperature (WT) and nutrients. This study also provided a successful example of effective control of phytoplankton overgrowth in a reservoir under higher WT and nutrient conditions, which had important implications for ecological managers and researchers in reservoirs or lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 123656"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143837279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}