Water Research最新文献

{"title":"Superlinear control of phosphorus recycling in coastal sediments by organic matter availability","authors":"Jing Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaotian Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Lin ,&nbsp;Xingyu Yang ,&nbsp;Liuqian Yu ,&nbsp;Charmaine C.M. Yung ,&nbsp;Qiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) recycling from sediments regulates water column P availability. However, the balance between P regeneration and immobilization in coastal sediments under diverse environmental regimes remains poorly quantified, posing challenges for modeling biogeochemical processes and the estimation of regional and global geochemical budgets. We investigated sediment P cycling across the Pearl River Estuary region (9–63 m water depth), observing substantial variability in sediment phosphate effluxes (4.9–1190 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>mol m⁻² d⁻¹). Sediment P recycling efficiency (P recycled: P sedimentation) varies strongly (24–96%), contrasting with the expected consistency under proportional phosphate release from organic matter remineralization. Unlike the classic model of oxygen controlling P recycling, in the organic-rich sediments where oxygen penetration is consistently shallow, nitrate availability becomes the dominant control. High nitrate concentrations upstream preserve P-binding iron oxides in the sediments, inhibiting phosphate release. At the estuary mouth and offshore areas with low nitrate, sediment phosphate efflux increases with sediment oxygen uptake, an indicator of organic matter remineralization rate. However, the effect is disproportionate, following a superlinear (power-law) relationship. This is because high organic matter remineralization not only regenerates more phosphate but also reduces more P-binding iron oxides through iron and sulfate reduction, doubling the promotion of P efflux. This superlinear control of sediment P recycling by organic matter should be considered in estimating sediment-water exchanges in similar coastal systems that are both iron and organic-matter rich.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123889"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic allocation strategies of Geobacter in electroactive biofilms to adapt to varying acetate supply concentrations","authors":"Xuejun Yan ,&nbsp;Huijuan Su ,&nbsp;Chengmei Liao ,&nbsp;Qian Zhao ,&nbsp;Xun Qian ,&nbsp;Lili Tian ,&nbsp;Nan Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Geobacter</em> species play a key role in acetate-fed electroactive biofilms (EABs), but their competitiveness varies with acetate supply concentration for unclear reasons. By continuously supplying different concentrations of acetate, we discovered an adaptive metabolic strategy of <em>Geobacter</em> biofilms, centered on regulating carbon allocation to protein synthesis, polysaccharide production, and the TCA cycle. Growth and reproduction were prioritized in response to acetate limitation under low supply concentrations, whereas catabolic efficiency was enhanced when acetate was sufficient. Excess acetate also induced the toxic effects of intracellular acetyl-CoA accumulation, triggering metabolic processes including stress responses, acetyl-CoA hydrolase synthesis, and carbon source storage. These metabolic adaptations ultimately determined the competitive niche of <em>Geobacter</em> in wastewater EABs, allowing for population dominance under acetate limitation and enhancing current production when acetate was abundant. Our findings give new insights into <em>Geobacter</em>'s survival strategies in various environments with different acetate availability, and provide a theoretical basis for targeted regulation of the performance and stability of EABs to achieve environmental functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123890"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic gene dissemination in Tibetan Plateau rivers: sewage-driven spread, environmental selection, and microeukaryotic inter-trophic driving factors","authors":"Bob Adyari ,&nbsp;Xin Liao ,&nbsp;Xiuhang Yan ,&nbsp;Yuxin Qiu ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Grossart ,&nbsp;Laiyi Li ,&nbsp;Tao Yu ,&nbsp;Guannan Mao ,&nbsp;Keshao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiangqian Su ,&nbsp;Yongqin Liu ,&nbsp;Anyi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spread of anthropogenic genes, such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), is a growing public health concern. However, the role of anthropogenic activities in the dissemination of these genes and bacteria in Tibetan Plateau rivers is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed 138 metagenomic samples from water and sediment across nine Tibetan rivers, along with sewage samples from 21 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), at both the gene and contig levels, to investigate the spread of the sewage-enriched genes and their bacterial hosts (contigs) in Tibetan rivers. Overall, sewage input was positively correlated with increased the abundance of an average 56 % and 17 % of detected genes in water and sediment, respectively. However, FEAST source tracking analysis revealed that the overall contribution of sewage across all rivers was significantly lower than that of water and sediment. Additionally, sewage’s impact varied across rivers, with the Yarlung Zangbo, the largest river, exhibiting limited influence despite receiving inputs from smaller rivers and WWTPs. Neutral community model (NCM) suggested that neutral processes and negative selection predominantly governed the spread of majority of highly abundant sewage-enriched genes and contigs, suggesting restricted environmental spread. In contrast, a subset of genes over-represented relative to neutral expectations (above-neutral prediction) showed lower overall abundance but higher richness, potentially reflecting selection that favor their retention in certain downstream environments. Furthermore, sewage-enriched genes and contigs in water, regardless of their community assembly processes, were linked to microbial interaction modules dominated by microeukaryotic groups associated with sewage, including consumer protists (ciliate), human parasites (e.g., <em>Naegleria</em>), algae, and fungi. These interactions may facilitate the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in aquatic environments, though this pattern was less pronounced in sediment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 123887"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling sources of organophosphate esters in marine environments utilizing multi-factor multi-modal high-dimensional clustering algorithm","authors":"Nan Hu ,&nbsp;Xing Liu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zeshan ,&nbsp;Jian Qu ,&nbsp;Haijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Ziwei Yao ,&nbsp;Jiping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In marine environments, the sources of organophosphate esters (OPEs), particularly emerging OPEs (eOPEs) remain primarily unclear and present significant challenges for accurate source tracing. Here, we developed an unsupervised machine learning framework termed a multi-factorial multimodal high-dimensional clustering (MFM-clustering) algorithm to efficiently attribute source tracing of these pollutants. Our approach integrates physicochemical properties auch as log <em>K</em>_ow and log BCF, along with geographical data, to comprehensively represent the environmental behavior of these compounds beyond traditional concentration data. The robustness of the MFM-clustering algorithm was validated, offering enhanced pollutant classification accuracy compared to conventional statistical methods by focusing on pollutant-specific features. We used a systematic framework comprising field investigations, target screening, risk assessment, and MFM-clustering-based source analysis. The methodology was applied to the Bohai Sea, China, as a case study, where 29 OPEs, including 15 eOPEs, were quantified in sediment samples. This application refined the clustering analysis and enabled detailed ecological risk assessments. Industries associated with OPEs production, sewage treatment plants, industrial discharges, surface runoff from automotive activities, atmospheric transport of volatile OPEs, and petroleum-related operations for most eOPEs have been identified as key contributors to OPE pollution in various regions of the Bohai Sea. Our results highlight the necessity of tracing upstream production processes and identifying environmentally safer alternatives as effective strategies for mitigating OPE emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123886"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic microalgal-bacterial interactions enhance nitrogen removal in membrane-aerated biofilm photoreactors treating aquaculture wastewater under salt stress: Insights from metagenomic analysis","authors":"Zhengang Xia ,&nbsp;How Yong Ng ,&nbsp;Sungwoo Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the membrane-aerated biofilm photoreactor (MABPR) for treating aquaculture effluents with low C/N ratio and elevated salinity (0.5%–3.2%). The MABPR integrated biofilm reactors with microalgal-bacterial consortia, achieving superior total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal by leveraging counter-diffusional biofilm properties, bubbleless aeration, and enhanced microalgal productivity. The system consistently outperformed conventional reactors, achieving 84.7 ± 1.9% TIN removal at 3.2% salinity with TIN removal flux increasing from 0.82 ± 0.04 to 1.22 ± 0.07 g/m² d. The MABPR promoted microalgal proliferation (Chl-a/VSS: 8.08-15.04 mg/g) and higher biomass productivity (1.83 g/m² d) compared to SBBPR and MABR. Elevated salinity stimulated extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production, reinforcing biofilm stability and microbial resilience. The MABPR demonstrated 22%–65% higher nitrogen removal efficiency than controls at the highest salinity. Canonical nitrification-denitrification remained the primary nitrogen removal pathway, with short-cut nitrification-denitrification contributing under salt stress. Metagenomic analysis revealed bidirectional adaptation between microalgae and bacteria, with enriched nitrogen assimilation (GS/GOGAT pathway) compensating for bacterial deficits. Microalgae facilitated pollutant removal through ammonia uptake and dissolved organic matter release, supporting denitrification. At 3.2% salinity, <em>Nitrosomonas</em> and <em>Nitrobacter</em> abundance increased by 42.6% and 35.8%, while denitrifiers <em>Denitromonas</em> and <em>Hoeflea</em> dominated, comprising 59.4% and 35.9% of the population. The MABPR further promoted the synthesis of growth cofactors (vitamins, phytohormones), enhancing microalgal productivity and stress resilience. These synergistic microalgal-bacterial interactions supported pollutant removal, showcasing the MABPR as a robust, sustainable solution for aquaculture wastewater treatment and resource recovery under salt stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123878"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable High-Flux Ceramic Membrane Operations for Seawater Pretreatment under Diverse Algal Bloom Intensities","authors":"Boyan Xu, Meiyue Ding, Kar Ming Tan, Brenda Rui Lin Tan, Tze Chiang Albert Ng, Lai Yoke Lee, Noguchi Hiroshi, Niwa Terutake, Sungwoo Bae, How Yong Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.123879","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving reliable high-flux ultrafiltration (UF) for seawater treatment, particularly during harmful algal blooms (HABs), remains a significant challenge. This study revisited the conventional in-line coagulation followed by ultrafiltration (IC-UF) process and evaluated its performance under high-flux ceramic membrane operation (net flux: 200 L/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/h) across varying HAB intensities. In addition, we re-evaluated a pretreatment approach combining in-line coagulation and flocculation prior to ultrafiltration (ICF-UF), a well-established yet rarely implemented strategy in seawater desalination, and critically compared its performance with IC-UF.A stepwise strategy was employed to develop a treatment-performance matrix incorporating parameters such as algal organic matter (AOM), turbidity, chlorophyll-a, and modified fouling index (MFI). This matrix, established through jar tests and batch filtration experiments, aimed to guide seawater pretreatment by assessing IC-UF and ICF-UF performance under varying iron doses, flocculation durations, and HAB intensities (10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;–10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; cells/mL).During the transition from batch to continuous UF, AOM emerged as a key predictor of fouling in continuous high-flux UF, as it contributed primarily to physical irreversible fouling. Conversely, elevated MFI values observed in batch UF, mainly driven by microparticles, did not reliably indicate membrane fouling under continuous operation, due to effective routine physical backwashing. Importantly, AOM form stable complexes with Fe, generating synergetic irreversible foulants that substantially reduced the efficacy of maintenance cleaning (MC) during continuous high-flux UF operation. To mitigate this, MC strategies were optimized through sequential chemical cleaning, wherein citric acid preconditioning facilitated subsequent NaOCl cleaning by improving removal of AOM-Fe complexes.In long-term high-flux seawater pretreatment, IC-UF effectively controlled membrane fouling at lower algal densities (e.g., 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; cells/mL) by promoting microparticles formation and AOM removal. However, at higher algal densities, IC-UF resulted in severe physical irreversible cake layer formation and pore blockage. In contrast, ICF-UF enhanced coagulation kinetics and microparticle aggregation through active iron sites (e.g., η-H2O and η-OH), leading to greater removal of microparticles (2–6 μm), biopolymers, humic substances, and low molecular weight (LMW) compounds. Consequently, ICF-UF demonstrated superior fouling mitigation under severe HAB condition (&gt;3×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; cells/mL) by reducing both irreversible cake layer formation and pore blockage (characterized as aromatic-proteinic AOMs), compared to IC-UF. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of conventional IC-UF and the newly applied ICF-UF to enhance ceramic membrane sustainability in seawater pretreatment across a range of HAB intensities, achieving substantially higher fluxes than","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel dynamic membrane-equipped element sulfur-based denitrification reactor for efficient and easily maintainable treatment of high-nitrate wastewater","authors":"Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiang-Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Wen-Wei Liao ,&nbsp;Meng-Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Guijiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Da-Heng Ren ,&nbsp;Xu-Chen Ba ,&nbsp;Min-Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao-Ran Xu ,&nbsp;Aijie Wang ,&nbsp;Hao-Yi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using powdered sulfur (S⁰) with high specific surface area enables high efficiency in an elemental sulfur-based denitrification (ESDeN) reactor but faces challenges with S⁰ retention. While integrating the ESDeN process with microfiltration membranes (MM) has been shown to effectively reject S⁰ powder, severe membrane fouling and high membrane costs restrict its practical application. This study, for the first time, reports a dynamic membrane-equipped ESDeN (ESDeN-DM) reactor. The DM was formed by <em>in-situ</em> pre-coating a solid mixture (particle size: 0.4 μm to 110 μm) of S⁰ powder and denitrifying sludge onto inexpensive nylon fabrics. Initially, we optimized the DM formation conditions, determining that a nylon fabric pore size of 25 μm and a pre-coating flux of 300 L m^-² h^-1 resulted in permeate turbidity lower than 5 NTU within 60 mins. Subsequently, we identified the duration (12.5 days) of a transmembrane pressure (TMP)-dependent run (≤30 KPa) for the reactor and found that the TMP increase was related to the thickening and densification of the cake layer. Finally, we conducted a comparative examination of the ESDeN-DM reactor and the conventional ESDeN-MM reactor during long-term operation. The results demonstrated that the ESDeN-DM reactor achieved a comparable denitrification rate to the ESDeN-MM reactor (both with the maximum value more than 3 kg N m⁻³ d⁻¹) but exhibited significantly better membrane fouling tolerance (56 % longer TMP-dependent run time), easier regeneration of specific flux (online backwash versus offline chemical cleaning), and exceptional cost-effectiveness (over 90 % total cost reduction). This study presents a highly efficient and easily maintained membrane-equipped ESDeN process with great potential for treating high-nitrate industrial wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123882"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring hydrochemical drivers of drinking water quality in a tropical river basin using self-organizing maps and explainable AI","authors":"Ajayakumar Appukuttan ,&nbsp;C.D. Aju ,&nbsp;Rajesh Reghunath ,&nbsp;Reji Srinivas ,&nbsp;K. Anoop Krishnan ,&nbsp;Arya. S","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater quality assessment is essential for ensuring sustainable water resource management, particularly in regions heavily dependent on groundwater for domestic and agricultural needs. This study aims to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and assess the drinking water quality of groundwater in the Ithikkara River Basin, a tropical region in southern India, by integrating hydrogeochemical methods with unsupervised learning and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). A total of 111 groundwater samples were analysed for major ions, hydrochemical facies, and water quality indices. Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) identified three distinct groundwater clusters, each exhibiting unique geochemical signatures. Hydrochemical facies analysis revealed dominant Na⁺-Cl⁻ and mixed Ca²⁺-Na⁺-HCO₃⁻ types, influenced by silicate weathering, cation exchange, and anthropogenic activities. The Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) showed that 89.4 % of samples were of excellent to good quality, with moderate-quality zones located near agricultural and industrial areas. A Random Forest-based ensemble model achieved high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.871), and SHAP analysis revealed Na⁺, K⁺, and TDS as the primary contributors to water quality degradation. The integration of SOM clustering with interpretable machine learning offers a powerful framework for understanding groundwater evolution and guiding sustainable water management in tropical river basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 123884"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physics-informed neural networks involving unsteady friction for transient pipe flow","authors":"Yuyang Xu,&nbsp;Ling Zhou,&nbsp;Yanqing Lu,&nbsp;Yinying Hu,&nbsp;Yaodong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A robust physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach is developed to accurately predict pressure and flow velocity during the water hammer event, while an experimental system is designed to validate the proposed approach further. Compared to forward numerical methods, PINN can retrieve hydraulic information from sensor data at any location in a real complex pipe system or network. However, the nonlinear nature of hydraulic transients may lead to unstable optimization for PINN, and the available labeled data are sparse. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a more feasible solution for this analysis. In this paper, a locally adaptive activation function (LAAF) is adopted to improve PINN performance. To account for real-world uncertainties in sensing data (such as pipe friction, viscoelasticity, and noise), an unsteady friction model with a self-adaptive coefficient is incorporated. This allows the partial differential equations to better reflect actual conditions and be seamlessly integrated into the PINN without additional training costs. Based on these two optimizations, four PINN schemes with different components are used to conduct a series of ablation studies in numerical tests. LAAF for PINN exhibits enhanced robustness for high-frequency data. Integrated with the Brunone model, it effectively avoids local minima and achieves excellent agreement with the reference solutions in predicting hydraulic parameters across the global flow field. In experimental studies, the proposed approach successfully extrapolates hydraulic information even with noisy data from only two sensors, attaining a relative error below 7.00e−2. In addition, it is observed that training points closer to the hydraulic transient yield richer physical insights conducive to PINN training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123779"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying PFAS contamination and environmental risk in municipal solid waste landfill refuse: Implications for landfill reuse","authors":"Xia Yu ,&nbsp;Linfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Yan ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Wang ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuguang Lyu ,&nbsp;Qian Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watres.2025.123881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are frequently detected at elevated levels in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate, which is recognized as an important source of environmental PFAS contamination. Yet, PFAS presence in MSW landfill refuse remains largely unexplored, despite the growing interest in landfill refuse utilization and the potential for subsequent PFAS emissions into the environment. This study aimed to quantify PFAS contamination in landfill refuse collected from a closed, typical MSW landfill, by analyzing 24 PFAS (including 18 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and 6 PFAA precursors) through target analysis and further capturing unknown precursors using a direct total oxidizable precursor (d-TOP) assay. Our findings revealed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAS in landfill refuse, with a median concentration exceeding 10 μg/kg. The comparison of PFAS in refuse and leachate based on detection and mass level clearly reflected that large amount of PFAS, particularly long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and PFAA precursors, was still retained in refuse compared to leachate even after more than ten years’ leaching. Moreover, significant levels of unknown precursors were identified through the d-TOP assay, highlight that neglecting these unknown precursors could lead to an underestimation of PFAS contamination by a factor of 4 to 18. A probabilistic risk assessment indicated a 25 % likelihood that PFAS in landfill refuse pose moderate to high environmental risk, if excavated refuse is sieved and used as greening soil. To our knowledge, this study marks the first report on PFAS distribution between landfill refuse and leachate, as well as the contribution of unknown precursors in refuse, which underscores the need to consider potential PFAS emission when MSW landfill refuse faces utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":443,"journal":{"name":"Water Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 123881"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}