Maria-Pia Tuset, Mary Daval, Daniel Levy, Denis Ayache, Stéphane Gargula
{"title":"French Adaptation and Validation of the International Outcome Inventory on Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) Questionnaire.","authors":"Maria-Pia Tuset, Mary Daval, Daniel Levy, Denis Ayache, Stéphane Gargula","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040097","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Hearing rehabilitation using hearing aids keeps increasing in the general population. Patient-related outcome measures are essential to evaluate benefits. Although the IOI-HA is routinely used in France, its translated version from 2002 has never been validated. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the French version of the IOI-HA questionnaire. <b>Design:</b> Controlled, prospective, monocentric study performed between February 2024 and January 2025. The forward-backward technique was used for translation of the questionnaire. <b>Study Sample:</b> 100 patients fitted with hearing aids completed the questionnaire. Thirty-five patients were retested 15 days after first completion. <b>Results:</b> Internal consistency, assessed by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.863. Mean IOI-HA item scores ranged from 3.3 to 4.57. All seven items had a high degree of consistency with the total score, except for item Q1 which had a moderate score (0.45). Cronbach's alpha after item deletion confirmed internal consistency. Intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.622 (Q7) to 0.767 (Q5) and were all statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001), revealing high reliability over time. No significant correlation was found between item scores and age, unilateral or bilateral hearing aid use or accompanying symptoms (tinnitus, dizziness). <b>Conclusions:</b> The French translation of the IOI-HA questionnaire, published in 2002, is a valid and reliable questionnaire evaluating hearing aid satisfaction. This validated questionnaire can now be used in daily clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniele Portelli, Sabrina Loteta, Mariangela D'Angelo, Cosimo Galletti, Leonard Freni, Rocco Bruno, Francesco Ciodaro, Angela Alibrandi, Giuseppe Alberti
{"title":"ChatGPT and Microsoft Copilot for Cochlear Implant Side Selection: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Daniele Portelli, Sabrina Loteta, Mariangela D'Angelo, Cosimo Galletti, Leonard Freni, Rocco Bruno, Francesco Ciodaro, Angela Alibrandi, Giuseppe Alberti","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040100","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being applied in otolaryngology, including cochlear implants (CIs). This study evaluates the accuracy and completeness of ChatGPT-4 and Microsoft Copilot in determining the appropriate implantation side based on audiological and radiological data, as well as the presence of tinnitus. <b>Methods</b>: Data from 22 CI patients (11 males, 11 females; 12 right-sided, 10 left-sided implants) were used to query both AI models. Each patient's audiometric thresholds, hearing aid benefit, tinnitus presence, and radiological findings were provided. The AI-generated responses were compared to the clinician-chosen sides. Accuracy and completeness were scored by two independent reviewers. <b>Results</b>: ChatGPT had a 50% concordance rate for right-side implantation and a 70% concordance rate for left-side implantation, while Microsoft Copilot achieved 75% and 90%, respectively. Chi-square tests showed significant associations between AI-suggested and clinician-chosen sides for both AI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ChatGPT outperformed Microsoft Copilot in identifying radiological alterations (60% vs. 40%) and tinnitus presence (77.8% vs. 66.7%). Cronbach's alpha was >0.70 only for ChatGPT accuracy, indicating better agreement between reviewers. <b>Conclusions</b>: Both AI models showed significant alignment with clinician decisions. Microsoft Copilot was more accurate in implantation side selection, while ChatGPT better recognized radiological alterations and tinnitus. These results highlight AI's potential as a clinical decision support tool in CI candidacy, although further research is needed to refine its application in complex cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josip Novaković, Ana Barišić, Erik Šuvak, Emili Dragaš, Petar Drviš, Tihana Mendeš, Jakov Ajduk, Siniša Maslovara, Andro Košec
{"title":"Correlation of Clinical Characteristics of Meniere's Disease and Its Patient-Oriented Severity Index (MD POSI).","authors":"Josip Novaković, Ana Barišić, Erik Šuvak, Emili Dragaš, Petar Drviš, Tihana Mendeš, Jakov Ajduk, Siniša Maslovara, Andro Košec","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040099","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Meniere's disease is characterized by a triad of vertigo episodes, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. The disease is followed by a loss of quality of life in patients, with the severity depending on the individual and the stage of the disease. Since there are no quantitatively validated tests that connect all elements of the disease, the only source of subjective data that can be analyzed is the disease diary and questionnaires, among which the MDPOSI (Meniere's Disease Patient-Oriented Symptom-Severity Index) stands out as a designated quality-of-life assessment tool. This study aims to evaluate the differences in the questionnaire depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease. <b>Methods</b>: The study recruited 60 patients, with clinical variables including age, gender, disease laterality, caloric testing results, and PTA results, the presence of spontaneous nystagmus, pathological values of calorimetric testing, or rotatory chair testing abnormalities. <b>Results</b>: The appearance of spontaneous nystagmus showed a significant association with worse hearing threshold values at 500 Hz (<i>p</i> = 0.036, OR 4.416) and higher. Worse SRT scores correlated with Q1 (<i>p</i> = 0.011), Q2 (<i>p</i> = 0.028), Q4 (<i>p</i> = 0.045), Q5 (<i>p</i> = 0.013), and the total MDPOSI score (<i>p</i> = 0.008, 0.339). Multivariate analysis showed that a higher total value of the MDPOSI questionnaire was statistically significantly associated with older age (<i>p</i> = 0.042) and spontaneous nystagmus (<i>p</i> = 0.037). <b>Conclusions</b>: There is a correlation between the clinical characteristics of Meniere's disease and the MDPOSI questionnaire, making it useful for assessing quality of life and disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giorgos Sideris, Leonidas Katsis, Styliani Karle, George Korres
{"title":"Lermoyez Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Reported Cases.","authors":"Giorgos Sideris, Leonidas Katsis, Styliani Karle, George Korres","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040098","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Lermoyez syndrome (LS) is a rare variant of endolymphatic hydrops with a unique clinical presentation characterized by reversible sensorineural hearing loss preceding vertigo. This review aims to synthesize available literature on LS to clarify its clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, management strategies, and outcomes, and to highlight the distinguishing features from Menière's disease (MD). <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted from 1919 to 2025. The extracted data included demographics, symptom profiles, audiovestibular testing, imaging findings, treatment approaches, and patient outcomes. <b>Results:</b> A total of 23 studies were identified, reporting 53 individual cases of LS. Patients ranged from 27 to 85 years of age, with a mean age of 50.34 years and a male predominance (64.1%). The hallmark of LS across cases was a reproducible clinical pattern of unilateral low-frequency hearing loss followed by vertigo and subsequent auditory recovery. Audiometry typically confirmed reversible sensorineural hearing loss, while vestibular tests and imaging were often unremarkable, primarily used to exclude alternative diagnoses. Treatment approaches varied and were often based on MD protocols, including dietary modifications, vasodilators, diuretics, and vestibular suppressants. Prognosis was generally favorable, with most patients experiencing both hearing recovery and symptom resolution. <b>Conclusions:</b> LS remains a clinically distinct but underrecognized inner ear disorder. Its defining feature-the paradoxical improvement in hearing after vertigo-distinguishes it from Menière's disease and should prompt clinicians to consider LS in differential diagnosis. Due to the rarity of LS and the lack of standardized guidelines, diagnosis and treatment rely on careful clinical assessment and individualized management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ava Raynor, Sara Perez, Megan Worthington, Valeriy Shafiro
{"title":"Clinical Perspectives on Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Patients with Cochlear Nerve Aplasia or Hypoplasia.","authors":"Ava Raynor, Sara Perez, Megan Worthington, Valeriy Shafiro","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040096","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Cochlear implantation (CI) in pediatric patients with cochlear nerve deficiencies (CND) remains controversial due to a highly variable clinical population, lack of evidence-based guidelines, and mixed research findings. This study assessed current clinical perspectives and practices regarding CI candidacy in children with CND among hearing healthcare professionals in the USA. <b>Methods</b>: An anonymous 19-question online survey was distributed to CI clinicians nationwide. The survey assessed professional background, experience with aplasia and hypoplasia, and perspectives on CI versus auditory brainstem implant (ABI) candidacy, including imaging practices and outcome expectations. Both multiple-choice and open-ended responses were analyzed to identify trends and reasoning. <b>Results</b>: Seventy-two responses were analyzed. Most clinicians supported CI for hypoplasia (60.2%) and, to a lesser extent, for aplasia (41.7%), with audiologists more likely than neurotologists to favor CI. Respondents cited lower risk, accessibility, and the potential for benefit as reasons to attempt CI before ABI. However, many emphasized a case-by-case approach, incorporating imaging, electrophysiological testing, and family counseling. Only 22.2% considered structural factors the best predictors of CI success. <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, hearing health professionals in the USA tend to favor CI as a first-line option, while acknowledging the limitations of current diagnostic tools and the importance of individualized, multidisciplinary decision-making in CI candidacy for children with CND. Findings reveal a high variability in clinical perspectives on CI implantation for pediatric aplasia and hypoplasia and a lack of clinical consensus, highlighting the need for more standardized assessment and imaging protocols to provide greater consistency across centers and enable the development of evidence-based guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal Sound Presentation Level for Sound Localization Testing in Unilateral Conductive Hearing Loss.","authors":"Miki Takahara, Takanori Nishiyama, Yu Fumiiri, Tsubasa Kitama, Makoto Hosoya, Marie N Shimanuki, Masafumi Ueno, Takeshi Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki Ozawa, Naoki Oishi","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040095","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the optimal sound presentation level for sound localization testing to assess the effect of hearing interventions in individuals with unilateral conductive hearing loss (UCHL). <b>Methods</b>: Nine participants with normal hearing were tested, and simulated two-stage UCHL was created using earmuffs and earplugs. We created two types of masking conditions: (1) only an earplug inserted, and (2) an earplug inserted with an earmuff worn. A sound localization test was performed for each condition. The sound presentation levels were 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, and 70 dB SPL, and the results were evaluated using root mean square and d-values. <b>Results</b>: Both values showed little difference in masking Condition 2, regardless of the sound presentation level, whereas in masking Condition 1, the values were at their minimum at 55 dB SPL. In addition, comparing the differences between masking Conditions 1 and 2 for each sound presentation level, the greatest difference was observed at 55 dB SPL for both values. <b>Conclusions</b>: The optimal sound presentation level for sound localization testing to assess hearing intervention effects in UCHL was 55 dB. This result may be attributed to the effect of input from the non-masked ear, accounting for interaural attenuation; the effect was considered minimal at 55 dB SPL.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayşenur Karaman Demirel, Ahmet Alperen Akbulut, Ayşe Ayça Çiprut, Nilüfer Bal
{"title":"Exploring the Link Between Sound Quality Perception, Music Perception, Music Engagement, and Quality of Life in Cochlear Implant Recipients.","authors":"Ayşenur Karaman Demirel, Ahmet Alperen Akbulut, Ayşe Ayça Çiprut, Nilüfer Bal","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040094","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study investigated the association between cochlear implant (CI) users' assessed perception of musical sound quality and their subjective music perception and music-related quality of life (QoL). The aim was to provide a comprehensive evaluation by integrating a relatively objective Turkish Multiple Stimulus with Hidden Reference and Anchor (TR-MUSHRA) test and a subjective music questionnaire. <b>Methods</b>: Thirty CI users and thirty normal-hearing (NH) adults were assessed. Perception of sound quality was measured using the TR-MUSHRA test. Subjective assessments were conducted with the Music-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MuRQoL). <b>Results</b>: TR-MUSHRA results showed that while NH participants rated all filtered stimuli as perceptually different from the original, CI users provided similar ratings for stimuli with adjacent high-pass filter settings, indicating less differentiation in perceived sound quality. On the MuRQoL, groups differed on the Frequency subscale but not the Importance subscale. Critically, no significant correlation was found between the TR-MUSHRA scores and the MuRQoL subscale scores in either group. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings demonstrate that TR-MUSHRA is an effective tool for assessing perceived sound quality relatively objectively, but there is no relationship between perceiving sound quality differences and measures of self-reported musical engagement and its importance. Subjective music experience may represent different domains beyond the perception of sound quality. Therefore, successful auditory rehabilitation requires personalized strategies that consider the multifaceted nature of music perception beyond simple perceptual judgments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bone and Cartilage Conduction-Volume II.","authors":"Tadashi Nishimura, Takanori Nishiyama","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040093","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air conduction is the primary pathway for hearing sounds and is widely utilized in various hearing devices [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The A.BA.CO. Project and Efforts to Optimize Access to the Sounds of Learning.","authors":"Eva Orzan, Valeria Gambacorta, Giampietro Ricci","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040092","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Despite its significant impact on learning, classroom acoustics and students' hearing difficulties are often overlooked compared with more visible issues like lighting. Hearing loss-frequently underestimated and invisible-affects both students and teachers, potentially leading to fatigue, reduced participation, and academic challenges. The A.BA.CO. project in Italy was developed to address these issues by promoting improved classroom design, technological solutions, and better auditory communication accessibility in schools. <b>Objective</b>: This article presents the A.BA.CO. project, offering context and an overview of the preliminary analyses conducted by its multidisciplinary team. The goal is to share insights and propose organizational frameworks, technical solutions, and best practices concerning the hearing, communication, and auditory learning challenges experienced by students with hearing impairments. <b>Results</b>: The A.BA.CO. team's analyses identified key barriers to inclusion for students with (or without) hearing impairments, such as poor classroom acoustics, excessive noise, and suboptimal seating arrangements. The project underscores the importance of improved acoustic environments and the integration of assistive technologies, including speech-to-text systems. The findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to design accessible and inclusive educational settings for all learners. <b>Conclusions</b>: Embedding educational audiology within school systems-alongside enhancements in classroom acoustics and the use of assistive technologies and other technological solutions-is essential to ensure that all students, regardless of hearing ability, have equitable access to learning and full participation in educational life.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Round Window Niche and Membrane Dimensions: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mathieu Marx, Pauline Nieto, Olivier Sagot, Guillaume de Bonnecaze, Yohan Gallois","doi":"10.3390/audiolres15040090","DOIUrl":"10.3390/audiolres15040090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: To review the dimensions of the round window region (round window niche, bony structures surrounding the niche, and the membrane itself). <b>Methods</b>: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched by two independent reviewers. Anatomical and radiological studies on the round window region were screened. Studies reporting at least one dimension for the round window (RW) niche and/or the RW membrane were included. <b>Results</b>: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (13 anatomical and 3 radiological studies) for a total number of 808 temporal bones with at least one dimension reported. The structures measured varied across the different studies with 12 reporting RW membrane dimensions (area and/or at least one distance), 8 detailing RW niche dimensions (height, width or depth) and 6 which measured at least one element of the RW bony overhangs (posterior or anterior pillar, RW tegmen). Surface area of the RW membrane varied between 0.32 mm<sup>2</sup> and 2.89 mm<sup>2</sup>, with a minimum dimension (minimum diameter or height or width) comprising between 0.51 mm and 2.1 mm. When the bony overhangs surrounding the membrane were not considered, the minimum diameter was between 1.65 mm and 1.97 mm. <b>Conclusions</b>: The dimensions of the RW region are intrinsically variable, but the heterogeneity of the measurements reported also contributes to these variations. Posterior pillar, RW tegmen, anterior pillar, and their relative development probably account for a large part of this variability. The future RW membrane devices should be ≤1 mm in their maximum dimension, whether or not individually tailored, to fit most of the RW membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44133,"journal":{"name":"Audiology Research","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}