Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Effects of Photobiomodulation with 660 Nm Laser and Vitamin D on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.","authors":"Hormoz Dehghani Soltani, Maryam Tehranchi, Ferial Taleghani, Sogol Saberi, Mahshid Hodjat","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3312","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be found inside the human periodontal ligament. Application of vitamin D and photobiomodulation for regulation of the proliferation of MSCs and bone differentiation have been recently considered in cell engineering. This study is performed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation with 660 nm laser exposure and vitamin D on human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPDLSCs) and their osteoblastic differentiation properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study, was an in vitro experimental study performed on HPDLSCs in six groups of (I) control cells in the culture medium with no intervention, (II) addition of 10-7 mol vitamin D to the medium, (III) 660 nm diode laser exposure in 3 J/cm2 density of energy, (IV) 660 nm diode laser exposure in 3 J/cm2 density of energy + addition of 10-7 mol vitamin D to the medium, (V) 660 nm diode laser exposure in 5 J/cm2 density of energy, and (VI) 660 nm diode laser exposure in 5 J/cm2 density of energy + addition of 10-7 mol vitamin D to the medium. after 24 hours of the last exposure, cell viability had been assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) genes was also assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, then Alizarin red staining was used to assess calcification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Combined use of 660 nm laser with 3 and 5 J/cm2 density of energy and 10-7 mol vitamin D significantly increased cell viability, osteoblastic differentiation by upregulation of RUNX2, ALP, OPN, and OCN, and calcification (P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed that combined use of vitamin D3 and irradiation of 660 nm laser with 3 J/cm2 and particularly 5 J/cm2 energy density increased the viability of HPDLSCs and enhanced their osteoblastic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Topical Dexamethasone at the Site of Thyroid Surgery (on the Parathyroids) on Blood Calcium Levels after Surgery, Compared to the Control Group in Patients who Underwent Total Thyroidectomy.","authors":"Mohammad Shirkhoda, Seyed Mohammad Hossein Mousavi, Mohammad Shafiee, Amirmohsen Jalaeefar, Iraj Harirchi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v12i.3349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the side effects of systemic injection of dexamethasone, we decided to investigate the effect of local spraying of dexamethasone in the thyroid site after thyroidectomy on postoperative calcium levels in patients who undergo total thyroidectomy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present investigation was a randomized clinical trial of dexamethasone on 60 patients undergoing thyroidectomy, who were assigned to two groups, namely the dexamethasone and control groups, each including 30 patients. Age, gender, type of underlying pathology was recorded in medicine. Also, the blood calcium level was recorded before surgery, 6, 24 and 48 hours after thyroidectomy. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 20 using tests including t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared, and repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, the 24-hour postoperative calcium level was found to be significantly different between the two groups (P0.001). Nevertheless, no such difference was found to exist between the average calcium level 6 and 48 hours after the operation (P0.05). Additionally, we noted a marked difference between the average blood calcium level, before and 48 hours after the operation, in both investigated groups (P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accordingly, local spraying of dexamethasone in the thyroid site, after thyroidectomy, is effective on the calcium level after the operation and reduces the rate of hypocalcemia 24 hours after the operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seizure-like Symptoms Induced by Hypomagnesemia in a Patient with Incomplete Small Bowel Obstruction; A Case Report.","authors":"Jiyan Weng, Wenjun Chen, Mingjin Zhu","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seizure-like symptoms are rare in older patients without brain damage. Small bowel obstruction is a common clinical disorder for older patients that can cause electrolyte disturbances and nutritional disorders. Hypomagnesemia is a frequently overlooked electrolyte disorder. Moreover, magnesium deficiency can lead to severe seizure-like symptoms.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>An 85-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with weakness and slow movement. Shortly after hospitalization, he experienced incomplete small bowel obstruction; thus, parenteral nutrition and intravenous esomeprazole were administered. When intestinal obstruction was relieved, the patient suddenly experienced seizure-like symptoms three times, and 24-h electroencephalogram did not capture any epileptiform pattern. After excluding other causes, we considered serum magnesium deficiency as a diagnosis. Low serum magnesium levels were related to a shortage of absorption due to small bowel obstruction, excess excretion of renal dysfunction, and the use of proton pump inhibitor. However, the exact mechanism underlying the hypomagnesemia-induced seizure-like activity remained unclear. After adjusting the nutritional support and magnesium supplementation, the patient's serum magnesium level returned to normal, and he was free of seizure-like activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypomagnesemia is often asymptomatic, but it can lead to severe seizure-like symptoms. It is important to pay attention to the serum magnesium level and nutritional intake in patients with an incomplete small bowel obstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Management Strategies in Intensive Care Unit: Challenges and Best Practice.","authors":"Habib Zakeri, Pantea Mahtosh, Mohammad Radmehr, Roohollah Rahbani, Leala Montazeri, Saba Moalemi, Parisa Mahdiyar, Farnaz Hemati, Aliasghar Karimi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3264","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.3264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain management in the ICU (intensive care unit) is a very complex problem which involves a wide variety of conditions, lack of sufficient tools for use, and high personnel to patient ratio. In the last three decades, pain as a clinical issue has become well analyzed, and treatment protocols based on scientific evidence have been established. Besides medication, some non-pharmacological methods such as music therapy, relaxation, and massage have been proven to be very much practical and manageable in pain management of ICU. The main opioids are utilized predominantly due to their power but NSAIDs and local anesthesia are combined with opioids with the aim to reduce the pain as much as possible. Yet more research now has to prove that pain evaluation and management is effective. This article discusses on the issues and the best approaches to solving them when managing pain in ICU patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypericin and Naringenin Exert no Significant Synergistic Apoptotic Effect on Y79 Retinoblastoma Cell Line.","authors":"Hamid Zaferani Arani, Zahra Abbasy, Seyed Mahmoud Reza Abbasy, Nastaran Fooladivanda, Mahdi Kheradmand, Fateme Shariati Far, Dena Saghafi, Amirhossein Shekarriz, Mojdeh Barati, Farzaneh Nasirimotlagh, Fatemeh Ziyadloo, Arefe Nekuifard, Narges Farajee, Mohammadreza Letafat, Marzieh Mehri Tokmeh, Nastaran Teymoorianfard, Bita Massah, Mohammad Amin Javidi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the anti-cancer impact of hypericin and naringenin, we put the main aim of this study to unravel the apoptotic/anti-cancer effect of these compounds on Y79 retinoblastoma cell line.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To calculate the 50%inhibitory concentration (IC50) of hypericin for 24 and 48 hours, XTT assay performed. Cytotoxic effect of naringenin investigated by XTT and trypan blue exclusion assay further confirmed the inhibitory impact of these agents on Y79 cells viability. Flow cytometry Annexin V/PI determined the cell death. The mRNAs expression level of Bax and Bcl-2 investigated by real-time PCR in different groups including the control, cells treated with naringenin, hypericin, or concurrent with both compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 24 and 48 hours IC50 of hypericin, calculated to be 2.5 and 1.25 (μg/ml), respectively. 50 (μg/ml) naringenin induced about 20% and 30% apoptosis in Y79 cells after 24 and 48 hours. Trypan blue staining and flow cytometry confirmed this data. Moreover, flowcytometry results, revealed that the kind cell death occurred in these cells post treatment was mostly apoptosis. Simultaneous treatment with both agents didn't show synergistic effect. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in cells treated with hypericin but in cells treated with narigenin didn't show significant increase in the Bax mRNA level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hypericin had more cytotoxic effect in Y79 cells compared with naringenin. Furthermore, hypericin and naringenin didn't have apoptotic synergistic effect in these cells. According to the real-time PCR results, hypericin induces apoptosis in Y79 cells by disrupt the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11521569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiating Primary and Recurrent Lesions in Patients with a History of Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Anita Zarghami, Seyed Abbas Mirmalek","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3340","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) recurrence remains a concerning issue, requiring accurate identification and differentiation from primary lesions for optimal patient management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize and evaluate the current evidence on methods to distinguish primary breast tumors from recurrent lesions in patients with a history of BC. Also, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the different imaging techniques, including mammography, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, highlighting their diagnostic accuracy, limitations, and potential integration. In addition, the role of various biopsy modalities and molecular markers was explored. Furthermore, the potential role of liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNA in differentiating between primary and recurrent BC was emphasized. Finally, it addresses emerging diagnostic modalities, such as radiomic analysis and artificial intelligence, which show promising potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Through comprehensive analysis and review of the available literature, the current study provides an up-to-date understanding of the current state of knowledge, challenges, and future directions in accurately distinguishing between primary and recurrent breast lesions in patients with a history of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Technologies in Hand Orthopedic Surgery: Current Trends and Future Directions.","authors":"Ahmad Dashtbozorg, Elaheh Heidarian, Malihe Sagheb Ray Shirazi, Zahra Movahednia, Maryam Jafari, Ramila Abedi Azar","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3325","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging technologies are changing hand surgery by improving surgical precision, minimizing tissue disruption, and expediting patient recovery. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize surgical procedures, patient outcomes, and rehabilitation processes. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed before these technologies can be widely adopted. These challenges include the learning curve for surgeons, high costs, and ethical considerations. Future research should focus on addressing the limitations of these technologies, exploring their long-term effects, and evaluating their cost-effectiveness. To successfully implement them, a collaborative approach involving clinicians, researchers, engineers, and policymakers is necessary. This review provides an overview of current and future trends in emerging technologies for hand orthopedic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and Apoptotic Effects of Levisticum Officinale Koch Extracts on HT 29 and Caco-2 Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Lines.","authors":"Marzieh Lotfian Sargazi, Zahra Miri Karam, Ali Shahraki, Mahboobeh Raeiszadeh, Mohammad Javad Rezazadeh Khabaz, Abolfazl Yari","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3341","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer is among the deadliest cancers in the world. Due to the occurrence of side effects related to current standard therapy, researchers are seeking better alternative treatments. For many years, herbs have been a promising source for discovering therapeutic compounds. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to examine the distinctive apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties exhibited by Levisticum officinale Koch (lovage) on HT-29 and Caco-2 cell lines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The maceration method was used to prepare different extracts (ethanol, dichloromethane, petroleum, and residues) from the plant. These extracts were then tested on two colon cancer cell lines - HT-29 and Caco-2 - using the MTT assay to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. In addition, we evaluated the expression levels of several inflammatory genes (IKKb, IKKa, and REIB) using real-time PCR. We also assessed Cox-2 protein expression using western blot analysis. The western blot was also used to analyze apoptosis-related proteins, including Caspase-3, BAX, and Bcl-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dichloromethane extract of Levisticum officin (DELO) exhibited a high cytotoxic effect on Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines, with IC50 values of 106.0±2 μg/mL in HT-29 cells and 175.3±4 μg/mL in Caco-2 cells after 72 hours. None of the lovage extracts showed a significant cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous cells (3T3 cell line). Furthermore, the group treated with DELO showed a lower expression level of inflammatory genes and COX-2 protein compared to the control group. Notably, treatment with DELO resulted in an increase in Caspase-3 protein and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio in both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to this study, DELO has the potential to act as an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agent. Further research on the compounds present in DELO and their effect on various signaling pathways could help in the development of new drugs for diseases where inflammation or cells escape from apoptosis play a crucial role.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Description of Common Embryonic Origin of Skin and Nervous System by Avicenna.","authors":"Sobhan Ghezloo, Babak Daneshfard, Ebrahim Khadem","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3330","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Cancer on Mental Health and the Importance of Supportive Services.","authors":"Zhila Fereidouni, Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi, Zeinab Ghanbari, Roqayeh Gashmard, Fatemeh Zarepour, Neda Khalili Samani, Abraham Rajesh Sharma, Afsaneh Ghasemi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3327","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v13i.3327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a complex disease that affects the physical and psychological well-being of the patient, their families, and caregivers. Indeed, cancer-related mental health disorders could impact treatment adherence, quality of life, and overall health outcomes. In addition, approximately 30% of patients may experience cancer-related psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Also, caregivers of patients with cancer can experience significant emotional, physical, and financial stress, which can have a negative impact on their health. Therefore, to address these issues, mental health resources should be integrated into cancer care settings to identify and intervene early for individuals with psychological distress. Hence, providing psychological support, counseling, and education about coping strategies could create a safe and supportive environment where individuals can express their emotions, reducing feelings of isolation and depression. However, there are some important barriers to accessing mental health support for individuals with cancer, including stigma, cultural attitudes, and financial and logistical challenges. Hence, strategies to overcome these barriers include increasing awareness and education about the importance of mental health care, providing integrated care that addresses both physical and mental health needs, and utilizing telehealth services. So, healthcare providers should continue to develop and implement innovative approaches to mental health care that are tailored to the essential requirements of individuals with cancer and to enhance knowledge regarding the key roles of mental health care for individuals with cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}