Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Lifestyle Experiences and Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study from Saudi Arabia : Coping During Pandemic.","authors":"Mahmoud Abdulrahman Mahmoud","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3893","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted significant lifestyle changes worldwide. Despite extensive research on negative impacts, there's a gap in understanding positive transitions; thus, this study explores adaptive behaviors and coping strategies during the pandemic in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study recruited Saudi residents aged 18-70 via social media. Data collected through an electronic survey tool was analyzed using SPSS, focusing on demographic, health-related, and research-specific responses. Coping behaviors were interpreted using Lazarus and Folkman's model and Carver's Brief COPE framework.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,508 participants, 38.0% engaged in language learning and 55.6% read books or listened to audiobooks at a frequency of 1-3 times per month. Home cooking was reported by 79.2%, and 34.8% engaged in daily remote social interactions. Gender and nationality significantly influenced coping behaviors: reading books or audiobooks was more common among females (P0.001) and non-Saudis (P0.001), while exercising 2-4 days per week was also more prevalent among females (P=0.013). Programming interest was significantly higher among males and Saudi participants (P=0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Study Findings show that participants adopted a variety of adaptive coping strategies, such as book reading, exercise, social interaction, and engagement with online content. Framing these behaviors through established psychological coping models enhances understanding of their role in mental well-being. These findings can inform public health strategies to promote positive coping mechanisms and support mental well-being in Saudi Arabia and similar contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels with Amputation Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southern Iran (2023-2024) : Effect of HbA1c on Diabetic Foot Ulcer Prognosis.","authors":"Sahar Heidarykhayat, Kazem Jamali, Hamid Zaferani Arani, Zahra Abbasy, Mohammad Hadi Niakan","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3967","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is the most serious consequence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), frequently resulting in lower limb amputations. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) acts as a marker of long-term glycemic control, but its prognostic value in predicting the severity and level of amputation in DFU patients remains undefined. This study aims to investigate the association between HbA1c levels and lower limb amputation risk at various anatomical levels in patients with DFU.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional analytical study included 446 patients with T2DM and DFU admitted to Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, between February 2023 and January 2024. Patients were categorized into four groups based on the amputation level: above-knee, below-knee, foot/midfoot/forefoot, and toe/finger. HbA1c was measured and categorized into three groups (7-7.9%, 8-8.9%, and ≥9%). Univariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed using the above-knee amputation group as the reference. Statistical analysis was conducted in R (v4.4.1), with significance set at P0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated HbA1c levels were significantly associated with increased odds of below-knee and foot amputations compared to above-knee amputation (OR=6.27, P=0.023 and OR=8.16, P=0.036, respectively, for HbA1c 8-8.9%). Similar associations were observed for HbA1c ≥9%. Additionally, patients who underwent less extensive amputations (i.e., foot and finger) tended to be younger and had shorter hospital stays compared to those who underwent above-knee amputations. Lower triglyceride levels were also associated with finger amputation (OR=0.99, P=0.031). These comparisons were made within a population in which all patients had diabetic foot ulcers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher HbA1c levels are significantly associated with more distal amputation levels in patients with DFU. Patient characteristics such as younger age, shorter hospitalization, and lower triglyceride levels were more common among those undergoing less extensive amputations. These findings highlight the need for early glycemic control and careful clinical monitoring in DFU patients at risk of major limb loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12569400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Tamarind Seed Extract (Tamarindus Indica L.) with Sertraline in Treating Premature Ejaculation: A Randomized Double-blind Trial : Tamarind vs. Sertraline in PE Treatment.","authors":"Ali Sahraian, Iman Shamohammadi, Somayeh Daneshvar, Payam Sadeghi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.4015","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.4015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premature ejaculation (PE) is a prevalent male sexual disorder often untreated due to embarrassment. This study compares the efficacy of tamarind seed extract (Tamarindus indica L.) with sertraline in treating PE.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial, 41 men diagnosed with PE at urology and psychiatric clinics in Shiraz, Iran (2023) were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg tamarind seed extract capsules (Group A, n=20) or 50 mg sertraline tablets (Group B, n=21) daily for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) score, with secondary outcomes including International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores (erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, overall satisfaction) and side effects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 with t-tests and ANOVA (P0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments significantly improved PEDT scores (P=0.001, η_p^2=0.76, 95% CI for mean difference: [-6.95, -4.95]) and IIEF subscales (P0.01). No significant differences were observed between groups (P=0.69, η_p^2=0.10) or in the time-group interaction (P=0.42, η_p^2=0.15). Side effects were minimal in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate a potential relationship between tamarind seed extract and improvements in premature ejaculation and related factors, comparable to sertraline; however, these results should be interpreted with caution and require further validation through additional research. Trial registration number: IRCT20140926019295N4.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e4015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Innovative Low-level Laser Therapy Protocol for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Case Series Study : Low-level Laser Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence.","authors":"Fateme Hoseinzade, Mozhgan Ayazi, Nahid Tafazoli Harandi, Michael Hans Weber, Yasaman Zandi Mehran, Shila Mirzadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3841","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition characterized by involuntary urine leakage during physical activities. This condition can significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Treatment options for SUI include behavioral therapy, medication, and surgery. However, non-pharmacological methods such as low-level laser therapy (LLT) have demonstrated the potential to promote tissue repair, reduce inflammation, and improve pelvic floor muscle function in various pelvic floor disorders. Despite these benefits, the effectiveness of combined transvaginal and intra-bladder LLT for managing SUI has not been extensively studied. This case series aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel regimen using concurrent transvaginal and intra-bladder LLT for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The results appear promising, and further investigation is recommended. Trial Registration: This clinical trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) under the registration number IRCT20231203060255N2, on 30 June 2024 (retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3841"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Preanhepatic Glucose-Insulin Infusion on Metabolic and Hemodynamic Outcomes in Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial : Preanhepatic Glucose-Insulin Infusion and Liver Transplantation.","authors":"Mohammadreza Moshari, Mohammad Gharehbeglou, Shideh Dabir, Maryam Vosoughian, Mastaneh Dahi, Ali Dabbagh, Soudeh Tabashi, Mohsen Ariannik, Firoozeh Madadi, Jamshid Ordoni Avval","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3971","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver transplantation is a complex procedure requiring meticulous perioperative management to optimize outcomes. The administration of glucose-insulin solutions during the preanhepatic phase may influence hemodynamic and metabolic stability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dextrose-insulin infusion on hemodynamic, metabolic, and clinical outcomes in liver transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 88 patients (1:1 allocation) undergoing liver transplantation at Taleghani Hospital, Iran. The intervention group received dextrose 50% (1g/kg) and insulin (1u/kg), while the control group received normal saline. Hemodynamic parameters (cardiac output, vascular resistance), metabolic markers (glucose, potassium, lactate), and clinical outcomes (hospital stay, complications) were assessed across preanhepatic, anhepatic, and reperfusion phases. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher cardiac output (6.95±1.66 vs. 5.56±2.02 L/min, P0.001) and lower inotropic requirements (65.9% vs. 88.6%, P=0.018) during the anhepatic phase. Postoperatively, the intervention group had reduced ALT (P=0.038), AST (P=0.019), bilirubin (P=0.021), BNP (P=0.002), and lactate (P0.001). No differences were observed in hospital stay, ICU duration, or complication rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dextrose-insulin administration during liver transplantation improves intraoperative hemodynamics and reduces postoperative metabolic stress without increasing adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Insights into Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3: Discovery of a New Disease-causing PCLO Variant and Development of a CRISPR-generated Cell Model : Novel Insights into Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 3.","authors":"Maryam Baneshi, Sedigheh Mohammadi, Hossein Jafari Khamirani, Jafar Fallahi, Mahintaj Dara, Fatemeh Sadat Tabei, Maryam Ranjbar, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Tabei","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3727","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathogenic variations in the PCLO gene cause Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia type 3 (PCH3), an extremely rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by seizure, intellectual disability, developmental delay, and microcephaly. PCLO encodes the Piccolo protein, which plays a critical role in synaptic function and neurological disorders. To date, only one pathogenic PCLO variant associated with PCH3 has been reported in the literature. While research on PCH3 is ongoing, the rarity of the condition has limited the number of studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A novel homozygous variant in PCLO (NM_033026: c.458TC, p. Met153Thr) was identified through wholeexome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional studies were conducted to assess the pathogenicity of this variant using next-generation sequencing (NGS), in silico analysis, CRISPR-edited cells, and real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proband presented with seizure, microcephaly, mild ataxia, and behavioral issues. Notably, in addition to previously reported symptoms, the patient also exhibited toe-walking, loss of tendon reflexes, and unilateral paralysis. The PCLO knockout cell model and molecular analysis confirmed the loss of function of the Piccolo protein in the homozygous variant. Our findings also demonstrated that Piccolo deficiency may affect the expression of other genes, including CtBp1 and BSN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified a novel PCLO variant responsible for PCH3 in a second known family worldwide. Additionally, a CRISPR-based cell model for PCH3 was developed, providing a valuable foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms underlying Piccolo function and disease pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of LNA-anti-miR-92b, miR-181b, TNF-α, and Piperine on Gene Expression and Cell Viability in Jurkat Cells: Implications for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia : LNA-anti- MicroRNAs and Jurkat Cells.","authors":"Mahmoud Torkamani, Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard, Vajiheh Zarrinpour, Mani Ramzi, Mahdiyar Iravani Saadi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3566","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma (ALL/LBL), a prevalent pediatric cancer, arises from precursor lymphoid cells and is affected by various risk factors. Abnormal microRNAs (miRs) and dysregulated expression of BCL-2 family proteins significantly contribute to leukemogenesis. Piperine, noted for its anti-tumor capabilities, has demonstrated potential in enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to treatment. We aimed in this study to investigate the influence of specific miRs (miR-92b, miR-181b) and TNF-α on the proliferation and viability of the Jurkat cell line, and examined the effects of piperine on miR expression and the genes BAX, BCL-2, and MCL-1.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Jurkat T-cells were cultured and treated with LNA-miR inhibitors to selectively suppress miR-181b and miR-92b expression. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, while miR-92b, miR-181b, MCL-1, BAX, and BCL-2 mRNA levels were quantified using SYBR Green Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). SPSS software (version 18) was utilized for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study demonstrated effective inhibition of miR-181b and miR-92b through LNA-anti-miR technology. Treatment with LNA-anti-miR-92b and TNF-α reduced Jurkat cell survival, whereas inhibiting miR-181b enhanced viability. BAX expression decreased with LNA-anti-miR-181b and piperine treatment, while BCL-2 expression declined with LNA-anti-miR-92b and piperine treatment. Additionally, piperine treatment increased miR-181b expression while reducing miR-92b and TNF-α expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that inhibiting miR-92b, miR-181b, TNF-α, and BAX using LNA-anti-miR could be a promising strategy for treating ALL. Piperine may enhance this approach by upregulating BAX. Further research is needed to explore these possibilities and develop effective treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating C-peptide Levels in Children with Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association with Anthropometric and Clinical Variables : C-peptide Levels and Clinical Variables in Pediatric T1DM.","authors":"Raha Sahraian, Anis Amirhakimi, Parnia Kamyab","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3787","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin production, plays significant physiological roles, including stabilizing blood glucose levels and protecting tissues. Its potential therapeutic role in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management remains underexplored, particularly in preserving β-cell function and improving glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 69 pediatric patients with T1DM at Bo Ali Diabetes Clinic, Shiraz, Iran, from December 2022 to April 2023. Patients with a disease duration less than 2 years or metabolic comorbidities were excluded. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, and serum C-peptide levels were collected after three months of dietary counseling and insulin adjustment. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population consisted of 69 children (mean age: 11.92 ± 3.65 years; mean disease duration: 63.13 ± 33.16 months). Serum C-peptide levels (mean: 87.02 ± 73.89 pmol/L) were inversely correlated with disease duration (ρ=-0.433, P0.001) and HbA1c (ρ=-0.404, P=0.001). Regression analysis confirmed that both HbA1c and disease duration were significant predictors of C-peptide levels (P0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between C-peptide and age, weight, height, or BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced C-peptide levels are correlated with poorer glycemic control (greater HbA1c) and longer disease duration in children with T1DM. These findings highlight the clinical relevance of C-peptide supplementation as a potential therapeutic strategy to preserve β-cell function and improve long-term outcomes in T1DM management. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further evaluate its efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Effectiveness of Bio-Micro Injection in Treating Alopecia Universalis: A Non-Randomized Interventional Study : Mesotherapy in Treating Alopecia Universalis.","authors":"Shahzad Shirzad, Mahdis Miladi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3750","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v14i.3750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder causing non-scarring hair loss, ranging from patchy baldness to total body hair loss (alopecia universalis, AU). AA significantly impacts health-related quality of life. While mesotherapy has shown potential as a localized therapy, its efficacy in AU remains understudied. This study aims to assess the therapeutic impact of mesotherapy in a substantial cohort of 2,000 patients diagnosed with alopecia universalis at Dr. Shirzad Clinic between 2020 and 2024, thereby providing valuable insights into its potential as a treatment modality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a non-randomized interventional study on 2,000 alopecia universalis patients across four treatment groups. Participants were divided into four treatment groups: one group received BMI alone, another received a combination of BMI and JAK inhibitors, the third group received only JAK inhibitors, and the fourth group was treated with a combination of BMI, JAK inhibitors, and adalimumab. All of these drugs were administered through mesotherapy techniques. They received the treatment once a month, for a year. Outcomes, including scalp hair regrowth and patient satisfaction, were assessed monthly over a year. Comorbidities were managed to prevent confounding effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2000 patients participated in this study, with an average age of 26.82 ±1.84 years. Treatment responses varied across groups, with children showing the highest success rates. In Group 1 (BMI only), 20% responded positively. Group 2 (BMI + JAK inhibitors) had a 30% had favorable outcomes. Group 3 (JAK inhibitors only) showed a 34% response rate. The combination treatment in Group 4 resulted in the highest success rate, with 42% of participants responding positively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the unique contribution of mesotherapy, particularly when combined with systemic treatments such as BMI, JAK inhibitors, and adalimumab, as an effective and well-tolerated option for alopecia universalis. The large sample size and innovative application of mesotherapy enhance drug delivery, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce systemic side effects, underscoring its potential as a valuable treatment strategy for this challenging condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12440140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Xerostomia in Cardiovascular Patients : OHRQoL in Cardiac Patients.","authors":"Adel Tabesh, Hossein Karimzadeh, Narges Shahriari, Omid Fakheran Esfahani","doi":"10.31661/gmj.vi.3805","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.vi.3805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular patients frequently suffer from xerostomia and several modalities has been tried to alleviate the symptom. Improving Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a subjective index and considered as the final achievement in oral treatments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate OHRQoL in these patients, as well as its relation to xerostomia and some other factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 244 patients participated. OHRQoL was assessed by Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14). Xerostomia severity was quantified by the Xerostomia Inventory (XI). Consumed anti-hypertensive drugs, age and gender were also recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 (IBM version 22.0, Chicago, USA) and statistical significance level was considered P0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was score of OHIP-14 was 58.90 ± 5.66 years, of whom 53% were male and 47% female. The mean total OHIP-14 score was 13.33 ± 11.11. Patients with xerostomia consisted 78% of the sample, with a mean XI score of 23.9 ± 5.1. Total and all domain scores of OHIP-14 were directly and significantly correlated with XI score (P0.001). Also, age had a direct and significant correlation with both OHIP-14 (P0.001) and XI (P=0.001) scores. Use of cardiovascular drugs was not significantly related to xerostomia presence or severity (P0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of cardiovascular patients suffer from moderate xerostomia, regardless to the type of medication they consume. Xerostomia affects OHRQoL in these patients and should be treated properly to improve their life quality, especially among the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"14 ","pages":"e3805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12502899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}