Galen Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Botanical Supplementation on Benzene-Induced Hematological, Histopathological, and Molecular Alterations in Rats : Short title: Botanical Supplementation In Benzene-Induced Leukemia Rats.","authors":"Nzar Ibrahim Yousif, Sarween Sherzad Rasool, Zhala B Taha, Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf, Bakhtawar Ziad Omer, Zahraakhan Maaroof Taher, Abdullah Jawdat Zebari, Zeenath Sufderhusain Sheikh, Hero Ismael Mohammed, Shahrokh Mojarradgandoukmolla, Tanya Salam Salih, Usha Rani Kandula, Sherzad Hassan Radha, Abdulrahman Ismael","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4246","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leukemia is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of immature white blood cells, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Benzene is a recognized leukemogenic agent associated with hematopoietic toxicity following prolonged exposure. This study investigated the protective effects of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Camellia sinensis (green tea), and curcumin against benzene-induced leukemic alterations in rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult male albino rats received intravenous benzene (99.9%) every two days for 3 weeks to induce leukemic changes. Following induction, rats were divided into three groups (n=6/group), 1:a combination-treated group receiving oral Withania somnifera (200 mg/kg), Camellia sinensis extract (250 mg/kg), and curcumin (200 mg/kg) daily for 30 days; 2:a Withania somnifera-treated group receiving 300 mg/kg daily for 30 days; and 3:a control group. Hematological, histopathological, and molecular analyses were performed using blood, bone marrow, spleen, and liver samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatment regimens reduced several benzene-induced hematological, histopathological, and molecular alterations. Hematological parameters in treated groups were maintained within near-normal ranges. Histopathological examination demonstrated partial preservation of liver and spleen architecture in both treatment groups, with reduced inflammatory and degenerative changes compared with untreated benzene-exposed rats. Molecular analysis showed restoration of Nrf2 expression and modulation of Caspase-3 expression following treatment, particularly in the combination-treated group. Blast cell counts were reduced in both treatment groups compared with untreated benzene-exposed animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Withania somnifera, alone or in combination with curcumin and green tea extract, demonstrated protective effects against benzene-induced hematological, histopathological, and molecular alterations in rats. The combination treatment showed greater improvement in molecular markers associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings support further investigation of these botanical compounds as potential supportive agents in leukemia-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Student Self-Assessment and Faculty Evaluation in Dental Education: A Cross-Sectional Study : Short title: Self-Assessment in Dental Education.","authors":"Najla N Al-Dabbagh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3908","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Student self-assessment is emphasized in dental education because it promotes reflective practice, self-regulated learning, and clinical competence. However, its educational value depends on students' engagement and faculty members' consistent use of self-assessment in feedback and evaluation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional survey assessed perceptions and practices related to self-assessment among 108 dental students and 46 faculty members. Structured questionnaires collected demographic data, student self-assessment practices, faculty attention to self-assessment forms, perceived influence on final evaluation, and student-reported barriers. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among students, 31 (28.7%) reported always completing self-assessment forms, 58 (53.7%) completed them frequently, and 19 (17.6%) completed them rarely. Among faculty members, 18 (39.1%) always paid attention to students' self-assessment forms, 11 (23.9%) frequently did so, 12 (26.1%) occasionally did so, and five (10.9%) rarely did so. Sixty students (55.6%) and 19 faculty members (41.3%) agreed or strongly agreed that self-assessment influenced final evaluation. The most frequently reported barrier was lack of time, reported by 34 students (31.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Self-assessment was commonly used and generally valued, but implementation was inconsistent. Lack of time and uncertainty regarding faculty consideration were important barriers. Clearer integration into clinical assessment is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e3908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Profiles of Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Agents Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Analysis of FAERS Data : Short title: Safety Profiles of Ionic and Non-Ionic Contrast Agents Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.","authors":"Shirin Alord, Farid Tagavi, Haleh Bodagh, Mehdi Maleki, Negar Jafari, Seyed Mohammad Hassan Adel","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4162","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contrast agents are used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), yet differences in adverse event profiles between ionic and non-ionic agents remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to evaluate patient demographics, adverse event patterns, and seriousness of outcomes associated with contrast agents reported in the U.S. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data were extracted from FAERS for reports involving contrast agents used during PCI, including both ionic (low- and high-osmolar) and non-ionic agents. Datasets were cleaned for duplicates and incomplete records, and product names, patient demographics, and adverse reactions were standardized. Descriptive statistics were calculated for continuous (age, weight) and categorical (sex, seriousness, adverse reactions) variables. Comparative analyses between ionic and non-ionic groups were performed using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical outcomes. Data visualization was performed using Python libraries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 72 cases were identified, including 18 ionic (25%) and 54 non-ionic (75%) reports. Mean patient ages ranged from 52.8 to 71.0 years across individual agents, with weight varying from 69.7 to 92.9 kg. Adverse events differed by agent type: ionic agents were primarily associated with renal failure and hypersensitivity reactions, while non-ionic agents exhibited broader nephrotoxic and hemodynamic complications, including nephropathy toxic, anaphylaxis, and blood pressure decreases. All products were linked to serious outcomes, with non-ionic agents showing a significantly higher association with serious events (χ²(1, N=72) = 5.92, P = .015). No significant differences in age or weight were observed between ionic and non-ionic groups. Temporal trends varied by agent, with sporadic case reporting over the years; while Ultraist has shown increased trend till 2025.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ionic and non-ionic contrast agents used in PCI demonstrate distinct adverse event profiles. These findings show the importance of tailored patient monitoring and risk assessment when selecting contrast agents for PCI procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Effect of Subcutaneous and Intradermal Mesotherapy on Pain and Function in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial : Short title: Subcutaneous vs. Intradermal Mesotherapy in Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Parisa Taheri, Soroush Sadri, Maryam Behroozinia","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4095","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of osteoarthritis and is associated with pain and functional impairment. Mesotherapy, which involves localized intradermal or subcutaneous injection of active agents, may provide targeted pain relief. This study aimed to compare the effects of intradermal and subcutaneous mesotherapy on pain and function in patients with KOA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single-center, randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial was conducted in Isfahan, Iran, between 2023 and 2024 among patients with mild-to-moderate KOA. Each patient received six sessions of intradermal or subcutaneous piroxicam-lidocaine mesotherapy at six acupuncture points over three weeks (two sessions per week). Pain and function were assessed at baseline, immediately after treatment, and one month after treatment. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for qualitative variables, independent-samples t-tests for quantitative variables, and repeated-measures analysis of variance to assess changes over time. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 50 patients were included. The demographic characteristics and baseline pain and function scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. At the one-month follow-up, the intradermal group showed significantly greater improvement, with a mean difference in pain score reduction of 1.6 points (95% CI: 0.57 to 2.67, P=0.003) compared to the subcutaneous group. For dysfunction scores, the intradermal group demonstrated immediate post-treatment benefits (mean difference: 9.4 points, 95% CI: 1.36 to 17.44, P=0.02), with sustained improvement at the one-month post-treatment follow-up (mean difference: 15.5 points, 95% CI: 7.95 to 23.01, P<0.001). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that pain and dysfunction scores significantly changed over time in both groups (P<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both subcutaneous and intradermal mesotherapy appeared to be effective short-term treatments for patients with KOA. However, intradermal mesotherapy demonstrated greater effectiveness at the one-month follow-up, with superior pain reduction and functional improvement compared with subcutaneous mesotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Dental Management for Children With Special Health Care Needs and Disabilities : Short title: Pediatric Dentistry and Special Health Care Needs.","authors":"Safa Saeed, Myle Akshay Kiran, Reema Sultan Alshahrani, Rahaf Saud Alobaidi, Lena Abdulrahman Alotai, Fatimah Farhan Almalki, Fahad Khalid Almasoudi, Hadeel Ali Almalky, Lama Alhatem, Hadeel Horais Alzahrani, Amirah Aldowish, Randa Abdulaziz Aleyoni, Setah Abothnin, Rana Abdullah Almaiman, Leen Alzaaqi","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4270","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with special health care needs and disabilities experience a disproportionate burden of preventable oral disease, unmet dental needs, behavioral barriers to treatment, and fragmented access to specialist dental services.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This scoping review mapped contemporary evidence on pediatric dental management strategies for children with special health care needs, with emphasis on prevention, behavior guidance, interdisciplinary care, teledentistry, and service delivery. A structured search was planned across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, and grey-literature sources for English-language evidence published from January 2015 to August 2025. Evidence was charted using a population-concept-context framework and synthesized narratively according to source type and clinical theme.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final evidence map comprised 20 topic-relevant sources, including systematic reviews, observational studies, qualitative studies, educational program reports, narrative reviews, textbooks, and expert consensus documents. No randomized controlled trial was verified among the cited sources; therefore, the manuscript was framed as a scoping review rather than an effectiveness-focused systematic review. Four major themes were identified: preventive and caregiver-mediated oral-health support, individualized behavior guidance and sensory adaptation, interdisciplinary medical-dental collaboration, and technology-enabled access, including teledentistry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current evidence supports integrated, family-centered, function-based, and prevention-oriented dental care for children with special health care needs and disabilities. However, the evidence base remains limited by heterogeneous designs, provider-centered outcomes, small samples, narrative sources, and limited comparative child-outcome data. Future research should prioritize prospective multicenter studies using standardized clinical, behavioral, access-related, and quality-of-life outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148760007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Predominant Dietary Pattern and Sleep Disorders in Obese Diabetic Patients and Non-diabetic Obese Individuals : Short title: The Dietary Pattern and Sleep Disorders in Diabetics.","authors":"Fatemeh Amiri, Homeira Rashidi, Alireza Sedaghat, Fatemeh Esmaeili","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3888","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Dietary habits and sleep quality are important factors influencing metabolic health and diabetes outcomes. This study aimed to compare dietary patterns and sleep disorders among obese patients with diabetes and obese individuals without diabetes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 on 140 obese adults, including 70 patients with diabetes and 70 non-diabetic individuals, who attended the endocrinology subspecialty clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a 147-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while sleep quality and daytime sleepiness were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), respectively. Healthy, traditional, and Western dietary patterns were identified and compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was observed in mean age between the two groups. However, diabetic participants had significantly higher body weight than non-diabetic subjects (P=0.02). Sleep quality was poor in both groups, but diabetic patients had significantly worse PSQI scores than non-diabetic individuals (13.35±1.26 vs. 9.41±0.98, P=0.001). Consumption of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products did not differ significantly between groups, whereas intake of high-fat dairy products was significantly higher among diabetic patients (P=0.03). Adherence to the traditional and Western dietary patterns was associated with a 4.42-fold and 3.63-fold increased risk of type 2 diabetes, respectively, while no significant association was found for the healthy dietary pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Obese patients with diabetes exhibit poorer sleep quality and less favorable dietary habits than obese non-diabetic individuals. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy dietary patterns and improving nutritional awareness to support diabetes prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e3888"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatoninergic Modulation of Benzene-Induced Pre-Leukemic Alterations in Rats: Effects of Melatonin, Agomelatine, and Luzindole : Short title: Melatoninergic Modulation in Benzene-Induced Pre-Leukemi.","authors":"Mohammed M Hussein M Raouf, Ismail M Maulood, Zrar Saleem Marzany","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4245","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Benzene is a well-established leukemogen associated with hematotoxicity, oxidative injury, inflammation, and genotoxic alterations, particularly in relation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Melatonin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may exert protective effects against benzene-induced pre-leukemic alterations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study evaluated melatoninergic modulation in a benzene-induced pre-leukemic rat model. Rats were assigned to five groups (n=8): control, benzene-only, benzene + melatonin (10 mg/kg), benzene + agomelatine (10 mg/kg), and benzene + melatonin + luzindole (0.2 mg/kg). Benzene was administered intravenously as a benzene:2-propanol: distilled water mixture (1:5:5, v/v/v) every 48 h for 4 weeks. Melatonin and agomelatine were administered orally once daily, while luzindole was used to assess melatonin receptor blockade. Hematological indices, leukocyte ratios, platelet parameters, bone marrow micronucleus endpoints, Activin A, Follistatin, MDA, 8-OHdG, CAT, and SOD were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Benzene exposure induced hematological disruption, altered leukocyte and platelet-related indices, increased micronucleus formation, and disturbed oxidative stress markers. Melatonin and agomelatine attenuated several benzene-induced alterations, including changes in erythropoietic indices, micronucleus frequency, leukocyte distribution, platelet-related parameters, MDA, and CAT activity. Luzindole partially reduced selected protective effects, suggesting that some responses may involve melatonin receptor-related pathways. However, inconsistent Activin A trends and unchanged Follistatin levels require cautious interpretation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Melatonin and agomelatine attenuated several hematological, genotoxic, and oxidative alterations in benzene-exposed rats. Luzindole partially modified these effects, suggesting possible melatonin receptor involvement alongside non-receptor antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13477617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148765691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Psychological Distress and Repeated Implantation Failure: A Mini Review : Short title: Maternal Distress and Implantation Failure.","authors":"Sina Vakili, Bahia Namavar Jahromi, Sepide Goharitaban","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4201","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.4201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is one of the most stressful and distressing experiences for women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) [1]. Despite progress in identifying physical and physiological factors affecting RIF, such as embryo selection, endometrial preparation, and laboratory techniques, there has not been much progress in understanding the psychological factors associated with RIF in infertile women. Compared with a single failed ART cycle, RIF is associated with repeated in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures, and repeated cycles of hope and disappointment exacerbate anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion in patients [2] (Table-1). According to theories by scientists such as Sigmund Freud and Wilson [3], psychological trauma, including fear of pregnancy, is considered a cause of female infertility. Psychological stress in women with RIF leads to endocrine dysfunction and increased endometrial contractions, negatively affecting IVF success rates and embryo implantation rates [4]. Additionally, women with RIF face psychological stresses such as delayed childbearing age and various financial, social, and family problems during different stages of treatment (before starting, during, and after treatment failure) [5]. These stresses contribute to feelings of hopelessness, decreased self-confidence, marital problems, and the end of relationships [6] (Figure-1 A-C) . Therefore, this review aimed to stimulate reflection on the psychosocial burden of RIF in infertile couples undergoing ART, explore when distress is most intense, consider contributing factors, and discuss implications and gaps for clinical practice and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e4201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and Barriers to Role Adaptation in Newly Graduated Nurses in Medical-Surgical Units: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study : Short title: Role Adaptation in Newly Graduated Nurses.","authors":"Hadi Jafarimanesh, Shahrzad Ghiyasvandian, Bret Lyman, Hossein Ghanaati, Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3910","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The high turnover rate among newly graduated nurses (NGNs) is a significant concern globally, particularly in medical-surgical units (MSUs). Identifying the key facilitators and barriers to their professional role adaptation is crucial for improving retention and facilitating a smoother transition into clinical practice. This study explored facilitators and barriers to professional role adaptation among NGNs in MSUs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted using inductive content analysis. Twenty-one NGNs with less than one year of clinical experience were purposively selected from teaching hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's five-step approach with MAXQDA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that multiple interacting factors shape role adaptation at three levels: individual, interpersonal, and organizational. Facilitating factors included personal motivation, clinical preparedness, supportive colleagues, and structured organizational support. In contrast, barriers such as stress, lack of structured orientation programs, negative work culture, and excessive workload hindered adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that the adaptation of NGNs to professional roles in MSUs is shaped by individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors. Enhancing structured support at all three levels - through targeted educational programs, professional communication, and organizational infrastructure - can improve transition outcomes, reduce early turnover, and promote workforce retention in healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e3910"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Outcomes from Pedicle Screw Fixation Before and After Laminectomy : Short title: Outcomes of Pedicle Screw Fixation Before and After Laminectomy.","authors":"Vahid Sadeghi, Seyed Taher Mousavi, Mohammad Shimia","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3856","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v15i.3856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pedicle screw fixation is a standard technique for spinal stabilization in patients undergoing laminectomy for decompression. This study aims to compare the outcomes of pedicle screw fixation performed before versus after laminectomy, focusing on its effects on spinal stability, recovery outcomes, and complication rates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study, conducted from July 2017 to July 2020 at the Neurosurgery Departments of Imam Reza and Shohada Hospitals in Tabriz, Iran, assessed outcomes of two approaches to pedicle screw fixation in 104 patients undergoing laminectomy for degenerative spinal conditions. The patients were equally divided into two groups of 52: one group receiving pedicle screw fixation before laminectomy, and the other following laminectomy. Key intraoperative parameters-such as blood loss, operative time, and screw placement accuracy-were evaluated and compared between groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing Independent Samples T-Tests and Chi-square tests, with statistical significance defined at P0.05. This retrospective cohort study compares two surgical sequences-pedicle screw fixation before versus after laminectomy-in patients undergoing lumbar decompression, aiming to evaluate intraoperative efficiency and short-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The laminectomy-first group had a lower infection rate (5.76% vs. 9.61%) and required fewer blood transfusions (96.1% vs. 90.3%) than the screw-first group, though these differences were not significant (P0.05). Blood loss and drain output were significantly higher in the laminectomy-first group (P0.05), but surgery duration was shorter (P=0.01), with similar hospital stays between groups. The laminectomy-first approach also required fewer screw path corrections and fluoroscopy uses, indicating greater intraoperative efficiency (P=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that pedicle screw fixation after laminectomy demonstrated greater intraoperative efficiency with fewer adjustments and reduced fluoroscopy use. However, due to the retrospective nature of the study and lack of systematic documentation of baseline stability and symptom dominance, future prospective or randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and guide evidence-based surgical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":44017,"journal":{"name":"Galen Medical Journal","volume":"15 ","pages":"e3856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13319539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}