CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE最新文献

{"title":"Association of LEP rs7799039 risk genotypes with altered fasting glucose and added sugar intake in individuals with overweight or obesity: A cross-sectional analysis of the GenON","authors":"Vanessa de Oliveira Farias, Karla Pereira Balbino, Flávia Galvão Cândido, Mariana Moura e Dias, Ana Claudia Pelissari Kravchychyn, Josefina Bressan, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <em>LEP</em> gene, alterations in glucose metabolism and added sugar intake among individuals with overweight or obesity.</div></div><div>To investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <em>LEP</em> gene, alterations in glucose metabolism and added sugar intake among individuals with overweight or obesity.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from 113 participants of both sexes (20–55 years old) included in the GenON Program, a randomized clinical trial approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa (No. 7,283,411) and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC: RBR-8csbc2g) in 2024. The LEP rs7799039 variant was considered for genetic testing and for determining the presence of the risk allele. Biological material was collected using the oral mucosa swab technique and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood plasma samples were collected for fasting glucose assessment. Dietary intake was evaluated using three 24- hour dietary recalls entered into the ERICA-R24<!--> <!-->h software. Willett's residual method for energy adjustment and calculation of total energy intake percentage were applied to nutrient intake data. Fasting glucose was categorized as normal (<<!--> <!-->100<!--> <!-->mg/dL) or altered (≥<!--> <!-->100<!--> <!-->mg/dL) and added sugar intake was classified as adequate (<<!--> <!-->10% of total energy intake) or inadequate (≥<!--> <!-->10%). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v.20, adopting a significance level of 5%. Binary logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations, and the multiple model was adjusted for sex.</div></div><div>This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from 113 participants of both sexes (20–55 years old) included in the GenON Program, a randomized clinical trial approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Viçosa (No. 7,283,411) and registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC: RBR-8csbc2g) in 2024. The LEP rs7799039 variant was considered for genetic testing and for determining the presence of the risk allele. Biological material was collected using the oral mucosa swab technique and analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood plasma samples were collected for fasting glucose assessment. Dietary intake was evaluated using three 24- hour dietary recalls entered into the ERICA-R24<!--> <!-->h software. Willett's residual method for energy adjustment and calculation of total energy intake percentage were applied to nutrient intake data. Fasting glucose was categorized as normal (<<!--> <!-->100<!--> <!-->mg/dL) or altered (≥<!--> <!-->100<!--> <!-->mg/dL) and added sugar intake was classified as adequate (<<!--> <!-->10% of total ener","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e52-e53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms with substantial postpartum weight retention in women attended by the Brazilian public health system","authors":"Ana Clara Fonseca, Ana Sophia Lacerda, Manuela Barreto, Luiza Barreto Fonseca, Maria Luiza Azeredo Britto, Giovana Andriole, Maira Coppola Auler, José Guilherme de Santana Santos, Felipe Rabelo Costa, Katherine Bittencourt, Karina dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms and substantial postpartum weight retention (SPPWR) in women attended by the Brazilian Public Health System.</div></div><div>To evaluate the association between LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms and substantial postpartum weight retention (SPPWR) in women attended by the Brazilian Public Health System.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study is part of an ongoing observational investigation conducted with postpartum adult women, between 42 and 365 days after delivery, at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 2024 and May 2025. Pre-pregnancy weight was obtained from maternal records or self-report. Current weight and height were measured, and BMI was classified according to World Health Organization criteria. SPPWR was defined as a difference of =5<!--> <!-->kg between current and pre-pregnancy weight. Buccal cell samples were obtained for DNA extraction and genotyping for LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations were tested under overdominant models using the Pearson's chi-square test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE 70713423.8.0000.5258; approval number 6.273.645).</div></div><div>This cross-sectional study is part of an ongoing observational investigation conducted with postpartum adult women, between 42 and 365 days after delivery, at a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between March 2024 and May 2025. Pre-pregnancy weight was obtained from maternal records or self-report. Current weight and height were measured, and BMI was classified according to World Health Organization criteria. SPPWR was defined as a difference of =5<!--> <!-->kg between current and pre-pregnancy weight. Buccal cell samples were obtained for DNA extraction and genotyping for LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations were tested under overdominant models using the Pearson's chi-square test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE 70713423.8.0000.5258; approval number 6.273.645).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 227 and 231 women were evaluated for LEPR rs1137101 and LEP rs7799039, respectively. Median age was 29 years (IQR: 25–34). A significant association was observed between LEPR rs1137101 and SPPWR, with a higher frequency among women carrying the heterozygous genotype (AG) than among homozygous carriers (40.7% vs. 26.1%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.021). No association was found between LEPR rs1137101 and the current BMI category (74.8% vs. 67.9%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.249). For LEP rs7799039, no significant associations were observed with the current BMI category (75.6% vs. 68.5%; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!-->","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXOMAIR: An exposome-based framework to investigate environmental","authors":"Mireia Bustos-Aibar, Adrià Setó-Llorens, Álvaro Torres-Martos, María Arteaga, Rosaura Leis, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Gloria Bueno, María L. Miguel-Berges, Guiomar Masip, Estefanía Sanchez-Rodríguez, Carmen Piernas, Daniel Peralta, Jesús Alcalá-Fdez, Concepción M. Aguilera, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Childhood obesity and insulin resistance emerge early in life and are major determinants of long-term cardiometabolic health. EXOMAIR project aims to characterize how external, personal and internal exposome domains across development are associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk trajectories, and to identify modifiable determinants and molecular signatures that may support early prevention.</div></div><div>Childhood obesity and insulin resistance emerge early in life and are major determinants of long-term cardiometabolic health. EXOMAIR project aims to characterize how external, personal and internal exposome domains across development are associated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk trajectories, and to identify modifiable determinants and molecular signatures that may support early prevention.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>EXOMAIR is designed as a longitudinal, integrative project based on three developmental stages: early childhood (∼7 years), adolescence (∼14 years) and young adulthood (∼20 years). The project combines data from PUBMEP and two cohorts from IBEROMIC. External, personal and internal exposome layers are integrated with clinical and cardiometabolic information and multi-omics data, including epigenetic, metabolomic and protein-related profiles. The analytical strategy includes multi-level exposome analyses, investigation of molecular mediating signatures, and risk prediction and subgroup discovery using machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. The study was approved by the Santiago-Lugo Research Ethics Committee (CEISL), with registration code 2024/061.</div></div><div>EXOMAIR is designed as a longitudinal, integrative project based on three developmental stages: early childhood (∼7 years), adolescence (∼14 years) and young adulthood (∼20 years). The project combines data from PUBMEP and two cohorts from IBEROMIC. External, personal and internal exposome layers are integrated with clinical and cardiometabolic information and multi-omics data, including epigenetic, metabolomic and protein-related profiles. The analytical strategy includes multi-level exposome analyses, investigation of molecular mediating signatures, and risk prediction and subgroup discovery using machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence. The study was approved by the Santiago-Lugo Research Ethics Committee (CEISL), with registration code 2024/061.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The current project dataset comprises 951 participants: 198 from PUBMEP (39 with insulin resistance and 159 without insulin resistance), 377 from IBEROMIC Cohort I (201 with insulin resistance and 176 without insulin resistance), and 376 from IBEROMIC Cohort II (203 with insulin resistance and 173 without insulin resistance). Although outcome analyses are ongoing, the available data structure enables the assessment of environmental exposures at multiple life stages, the exploration of molecula","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From homeostasis to microbial remodeling: The impact of defatted passion fruit seed flour (Passiflora edulis) on the gut microbiota depends on diet type","authors":"Andressa de Assis Lima, Pietra Vidal Cardoso do Prado, Danúbia Joanes Rosa Guerra Cabral, Anna Clapp Organski, Renata Celi Lopes Toledo, Bárbara Pereira da Silva, Thaisa Moro Cantu-Jungles, Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the effects of defatted passion fruit seed flour (Passiflora edulis) on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice fed normolipidic and hyperlipidic diets.</div></div><div>This study evaluated the effects of defatted passion fruit seed flour (Passiflora edulis) on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in mice fed normolipidic and hyperlipidic diets.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four experimental groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->10): AIN (standard diet), AIN<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->flour (DPFSF), HF (hyperlipidic diet), HF<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->flour (DPFSF). Fecal genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp PowerFecal Pro DNA kit according to manufacturer's instructions. <em>16S rRNA</em> gene sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region was performed via Element AVITI Sequencer and sequences generated were analyzed using Qiime2 pipeline. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee under approval number 02/2025.</div></div><div>Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four experimental groups (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->10): AIN (standard diet), AIN<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->flour (DPFSF), HF (hyperlipidic diet), HF<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->flour (DPFSF). Fecal genomic DNA was extracted using QIAamp PowerFecal Pro DNA kit according to manufacturer's instructions. <em>16S rRNA</em> gene sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region was performed via Element AVITI Sequencer and sequences generated were analyzed using Qiime2 pipeline. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee under approval number 02/2025.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DPFSF promoted the modulation of the gut microbiota in a diet-dependent manner. In the AIN group, DPFSF reduced alpha diversity indices, including Evenness (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) and Shannon (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01), and altered the bacterial community structure (PERMANOVA, <em>P</em> < 0.001). There was an increase in genera associated with carbohydrate fermentation and the production of beneficial metabolites, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Family XIII AD3011 group (belonging to the phylum Bacillota), and a marked reduction in taxa such as Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus torques, UBA1819, Erysipelatoclostridium, and Anaerotruncus. In contrast, in the hyperlipidemic model, DPFSF increased alpha diversity, with an increase in Observed Features (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), Evenness (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), Shannon (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.01) and Faith's PD (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), in addition to altering the microbial composition (PERMANOVA, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001), highlighting an increase in bacterial groups associated with the fermentation of food substrates, including <em>Blautia</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Eubacterium coprostanoligenes</em> an","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of cyanidin-3-glucoside content and evaluation of the antiinflammatory potential of an anthocyanin-rich purple elephant grass (genotype T_44.1) extract","authors":"Érika de Fátima dos Santos Castro, Ana Clara Fernandes Peixoto, Jacy Gameiro, Sheila Cristina Potente Dutra Luquetti, Alessandra Barbosa Ferreira Machado, Juarez Campolina Machado","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plants are important sources of bioactive compounds due to the production of secondary metabolites with therapeutic properties. Among these compounds, anthocyanins have attracted considerable interest because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Although commonly associated with fruits and vegetables, anthocyanins are also found in other plant matrices, including <em>Cenchrus purpureus</em> (Schumach.) Morrone. Purple genotypes, such as T_44.1 (Embrapa Gado de Leite), are promising sources of anthocyanins due to their high pigment accumulation and agronomic productivity. Moreover, as a forage crop not intended for direct human consumption, this species represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds without competing with the food supply chain. Given the central role of chronic inflammation in non-communicable diseases, investigating plant-derived compounds capable of modulating inflammatory pathways is of scientific interest.</div></div><div>Plants are important sources of bioactive compounds due to the production of secondary metabolites with therapeutic properties. Among these compounds, anthocyanins have attracted considerable interest because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Although commonly associated with fruits and vegetables, anthocyanins are also found in other plant matrices, including <em>Cenchrus purpureus</em> (Schumach.) Morrone. Purple genotypes, such as T_44.1 (Embrapa Gado de Leite), are promising sources of anthocyanins due to their high pigment accumulation and agronomic productivity. Moreover, as a forage crop not intended for direct human consumption, this species represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds without competing with the food supply chain. Given the central role of chronic inflammation in non-communicable diseases, investigating plant-derived compounds capable of modulating inflammatory pathways is of scientific interest.</div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify and quantify cyanidin-3- glucoside in <em>C. purpureus</em> genotype T_44.1 extract and evaluate its safety and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro.</div></div><div>To identify and quantify cyanidin-3- glucoside in <em>C. purpureus</em> genotype T_44.1 extract and evaluate its safety and anti-inflammatory potential in vitro.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Anthocyanin-rich extracts were obtained from purple elephant grass using an organic solvent system (70:30, pH 2.0). Cyanidin-3-glucoside content was determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT assay in RAW 264.7 macrophages and WI-38 fibroblasts. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with the extract, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were quantified.</div></div><div>Anthocyanin-rich extracts were obtained from purple elephant grass using an organic solvent system (70:30, pH 2.0). Cyanidin-3-glucoside content was determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Cyto","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e18-e19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional lipids in experimental models of hepatic steatosis (MASLD)","authors":"Carolina Gerstner, Ana C. Fariña, Juliana Saín, Jimena Lavandera, Claudio Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is characterized by hepatic steatosis associated with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Disease progression may lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. MASLD affects approximately 25% of the global population, and its prevalence continues to increase, representing an important public health challenge. Dietary interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate MASLD by modulating metabolic and epigenetics pathways involved in disease progression. Functional lipids (FL), including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 long chain-PUFAs, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TP), phytosterols (PS), have been shown to regulate gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, contributing to reduced hepatic lipid accretion, improved glucose homeostasis, and attenuated inflammation.</div></div><div>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide and is characterized by hepatic steatosis associated with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic dysregulation. Disease progression may lead to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. MASLD affects approximately 25% of the global population, and its prevalence continues to increase, representing an important public health challenge. Dietary interventions have emerged as promising strategies to mitigate MASLD by modulating metabolic and epigenetics pathways involved in disease progression. Functional lipids (FL), including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 long chain-PUFAs, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TP), phytosterols (PS), have been shown to regulate gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, contributing to reduced hepatic lipid accretion, improved glucose homeostasis, and attenuated inflammation.</div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To discuss and integrate current evidence of our group on the potential synergistic protective effects of FL combinations against MASLD, and to summarize the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in their beneficial actions.</div></div><div>To discuss and integrate current evidence of our group on the potential synergistic protective effects of FL combinations against MASLD, and to summarize the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in their beneficial actions.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental rodents were fed control or different high-fat diets with or without FL combinations. Nutritional, biochemical, and nutrigenomic analyses were performed in serum, liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle to investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of FL combinations.</div></div><div>Experimental rodents were fed control or different high-fat diets with or without FL combin","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e12-e13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum metabolic signatures associated with early-life weight gain trajectories among Brazilian children aged 6–59 months: Results from ENANI-2019","authors":"Samary da Silva Rosa Freire, Paula Normando, Felipe Malta, Lucas Goldenberg Vicente, Philip Britz-Mckibbin, Gilberto Kac","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the association between the serum metabolome and conditional weight gain trajectories from birth to early childhood.</div></div><div>To evaluate the association between the serum metabolome and conditional weight gain trajectories from birth to early childhood.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Untargeted metabolomics was performed on 4,977 serum samples from children aged 6–59 months studied by the Brazilian National Survey of Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS) was used. Conditional weight <em>z</em>-scores (CWZ) were estimated based on the standardized residuals from a linear regression of the weight-for-age <em>z</em>-score on the self-reported birth-weight <em>z</em>-score, adjusted for child sex and age. Negative CWZ indicates a weight below the expected, whereas positive CWZ indicates a weight above the expected. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models were used to select principal metabolites associated with CWZ, and metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) scores<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->1 were included in adjusted linear regression models controlling for covariates. The p-values were adjusted by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); all participants gave informed consent (CAAE 89798718.7.0000.5257).</div></div><div>Untargeted metabolomics was performed on 4,977 serum samples from children aged 6–59 months studied by the Brazilian National Survey of Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (MSI-CE-MS) was used. Conditional weight <em>z</em>-scores (CWZ) were estimated based on the standardized residuals from a linear regression of the weight-for-age <em>z</em>-score on the self-reported birth-weight <em>z</em>-score, adjusted for child sex and age. Negative CWZ indicates a weight below the expected, whereas positive CWZ indicates a weight above the expected. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models were used to select principal metabolites associated with CWZ, and metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) scores<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->1 were included in adjusted linear regression models controlling for covariates. The p-values were adjusted by the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); all participants gave informed consent (CAAE 89798718.7.0000.5257).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-four metabolites presented VIP scores<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->1 and were considered predictors of weight gain trajectories. The serum metabolites valine (<em>ß</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.11), threonine (<em>ß</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.11), tyrosine (<em>ß</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene-diet interactions between CETP, LPL, and LIPC genetic risk score and dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on lipid levels in Mexican adults","authors":"Zamudio-Felix Itzel, Andrade-Espinoza Mariana, Bojórquez-Iribe Aricel, González-Becerra Karina","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the interaction between dietary lipid and carbohydrate intake and a combined genetic risk score (uGRS) based on CETP, LPL, and LIPC variants in relation to HDLc, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations in Mexican adults.</div></div><div>To evaluate the interaction between dietary lipid and carbohydrate intake and a combined genetic risk score (uGRS) based on CETP, LPL, and LIPC variants in relation to HDLc, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations in Mexican adults.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults from western Mexico recruited between June 2024 and May 2026. Dietary intake and fasting biochemical parameters were assessed using standardized procedures. Genotyping of CETP (rs708272), LPL (rs13702), and LIPC (rs1800588) was performed using TaqMan real-time PCR assays. Participants were classified according to an unweighted genetic risk score (uGRS) and grouped by the number of risk alleles. Linear regression models, analysis of covariance, and moderation analyses were used to examine gene–diet interactions between dietary fat and carbohydrate intake and lipid related metabolic outcomes. Approval was obtained from the Ethics (CEI-01-2025-08) and Biosafety (CBIO-01-2025-08) Committee of the University Center of Altos of the University of Guadalajara (CUALTOS-UdeG, Mexico).</div></div><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults from western Mexico recruited between June 2024 and May 2026. Dietary intake and fasting biochemical parameters were assessed using standardized procedures. Genotyping of CETP (rs708272), LPL (rs13702), and LIPC (rs1800588) was performed using TaqMan real-time PCR assays. Participants were classified according to an unweighted genetic risk score (uGRS) and grouped by the number of risk alleles. Linear regression models, analysis of covariance, and moderation analyses were used to examine gene–diet interactions between dietary fat and carbohydrate intake and lipid related metabolic outcomes. Approval was obtained from the Ethics (CEI-01-2025-08) and Biosafety (CBIO-01-2025-08) Committee of the University Center of Altos of the University of Guadalajara (CUALTOS-UdeG, Mexico).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total 234 individuals were included in the analysis; significant gene–diet interactions were observed between the combined genetic risk score and dietary macronutrient intake. Participants with higher genetic risk (4–6 risk alleles) who consumed<!--> <!--><<!--> <!-->30% of total energy from lipids exhibited higher total cholesterol concentrations (230.57<!--> <!-->mg/dL) than those consuming<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->30% of total energy from lipids (150.54<!--> <!-->mg/dL; <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.045). Furthermore, participants carrying 4–6 risk alleles and consuming<!--> <!-->><!--> <!-->8% of total energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) presented lower HDL-c concentrations (24.00<!-","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Pages e27-e28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with processed and ultra-processed food consumption in brazilian pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"Katherine Bittencourt Mendes Leitão de Jesus, Karina dos Santos, Eliane Lopes Rosado, Ana Carolina Proença da Fonseca, Ana Sophia Soares Pessoa Nobre de Lacerda, Laísa Ramos Rodrigues, Letícia Barbosa Gabriel da Silva, Ana Luísa Silva Carvalho, J. Alfredo Martinéz, Cláudia Saunders","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study investigated the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene and the consumption of processed (PF) and ultraprocessed (UPF) foods in Brazilian pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (DM).</div></div><div>This study investigated the relationship between the rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene and the consumption of processed (PF) and ultraprocessed (UPF) foods in Brazilian pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (DM).</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 68 pregnant women with pre-gestational DM attended at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Genotyping of the rs9939609 (T/A) polymorphism was performed using realtime PCR. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire applied up to 12 weeks prior to delivery. Comparisons of means among genotypes (TT, AT, AA) were performed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for pre-gestational body mass index as a potential confounding variable, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE46913115.0.0000.5275).</div></div><div>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 68 pregnant women with pre-gestational DM attended at a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Genotyping of the rs9939609 (T/A) polymorphism was performed using realtime PCR. Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire applied up to 12 weeks prior to delivery. Comparisons of means among genotypes (TT, AT, AA) were performed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), adjusting for pre-gestational body mass index as a potential confounding variable, followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (CAAE46913115.0.0000.5275).</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 68 pregnant women, the A allele frequency was 31.62%. Total energy intake from combined processed and ultra-processed foods (ΣPF<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->UPF) differed significantly across genotypes (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.004). Pairwise comparisons revealed distinct dietary patterns where the AT genotype group exhibited the highest UPF consumption (392.01<!--> <!-->kcal; SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->36.09) compared to the AA group (202.59<!--> <!-->kcal; SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->54.18) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.010). Conversely, for PF, the AA group demonstrated a significantly higher intake (200.32<!--> <!-->kcal; SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->34.39) than TT carriers (100.17<!--> <!-->kcal; SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->18.39) (<em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.027).</div></div><div>Among 68 pregnant women, the A allele frequency was 31.62%. Total energy intake from combined processed and ultra-processed foods (ΣPF<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->UPF) differed significantly across genotypes (<em>P</em> <!-->=<","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular study and structural modeling of a variant in the GDF15 gene in the context of severe obesity","authors":"Laura Wendling Gouvêa, Izadora Stephanie da Silva Assis, Ritiele Bastos De Souza, Lohanna Palhinha, Kaio Cezar Rodrigues Salum, Tamara Silva, Mário Campos Júnior, João Régis Ivar Carneiro, Patrícia Torres Bozza, Verônica Marques Zembrzuski, Ana Carolina Proença Da Fonseca","doi":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cnd.2026.08.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>Elucidation of the genetic component in obesity is supported by the presence of variations in genes associated with energy homeostasis. Because it encodes a protein that reduces appetite and leads to weight loss, the growth differentiation factor 15 (<em>GDF15</em>) gene is of interest for investigation in obesity. In this context, the present study aimed to screen the coding region of GDF15 in patients with severe early-onset obesity and perform molecular modeling of rare variants identified as potentially pathogenic.</div></div><div>Elucidation of the genetic component in obesity is supported by the presence of variations in genes associated with energy homeostasis. Because it encodes a protein that reduces appetite and leads to weight loss, the growth differentiation factor 15 (<em>GDF15</em>) gene is of interest for investigation in obesity. In this context, the present study aimed to screen the coding region of GDF15 in patients with severe early-onset obesity and perform molecular modeling of rare variants identified as potentially pathogenic.</div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following approval by the ethic committee (HUCFF/UFRJ CAAE No. 69137623.2.0000.5257) the GDF15 coding region was analyzed in 103 participants after DNA extraction, using automated Sanger sequencing.</div></div><div>Following approval by the ethic committee (HUCFF/UFRJ CAAE No. 69137623.2.0000.5257) the GDF15 coding region was analyzed in 103 participants after DNA extraction, using automated Sanger sequencing.</div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 variants were identified, and among these, through in silico analyses, the non-synonymous GDF15 rs372120002 [p.(Cys211Gly)] variant is particularly noteworthy. Based on the conserved location of residue 211 at the cysteine knot of the protein, structure that confers its stability, this variant was predicted to be potentially pathogenic. Molecular modeling step was performed using Protein Data Bank 5VZ3 file in the UCSF Chimera X software, and priority was given to the study of the GDF15 rs372120002 variant. Analysis of the modeled mutant structure indicated that the cysteine residue at position 211 forms an intrasubunit disulfide bridge with the cysteine residue at position 274 in the mature domain of GDF-15, which is maintained by the thiol group present in the cysteine residue. As a result of the replacement of the residue with glycine, the disulfide bond is broken, altering the conformational stability of the protein, which suggests a possible impairment in the folding and secretion of GDF-15. Interestingly, serum GDF-15 levels in the individual carrying this genetic variant was 191.84<!--> <!-->pg/mL, below the reference range of 200–1,200<!--> <!-->pg/mL.</div></div><div>A total of 17 variants were identified, and among these, through in silico analyses, the non-synonymous GDF15 rs372120002 [p.(Cys211Gly)] variant is particularly noteworthy. Based on the conserved location of r","PeriodicalId":43722,"journal":{"name":"CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE","volume":"61 ","pages":"Page e51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149028198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}