Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Aesthetic evaluation of orthodontic management of missing maxillary lateral incisors","authors":"Cristina Suárez Tuero ,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir ,&nbsp;Teresa Pinho ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Bravo ,&nbsp;Miguel Hirschhaut ,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Campoy Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The most common maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) orthodontic management options are space closure or space reopening and implant placement. This study aimed to 1. Examine and compare the aesthetic evaluation patterns of orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople for ``good'' and ``bad'' cases of MLIA treated with space closure, space reopening, and implant placement; 2. Determine if ``good'' and ``bad'' cases were scored differently within each group; and 3. Investigate potential gender differences in aesthetic evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A questionnaire was completed by 57 orthodontists, 75 dentists, and 85 laypeople. Participants ranked images of treated MLIA cases on a 1 to 10 scale and identified the best and worst outcomes. Nonparametric statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Mann–Whitney U tests) were employed for both descriptive and inferential analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Laypeople assigned statistically significantly higher ratings to ``bad'' images of both treatment modalities than orthodontists and dentists. Significant differences were found in the comparisons of `good' and `bad' images for both treatment types within the orthodontist and dentist groups. However, statistically significant differences were observed only among laypersons for space opening. Statistically significant sex differences were found among laypeople scoring ``bad'' cases for both treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dentists and orthodontists can differentiate between good and bad results of closed and open treatments, but laypeople only do so in open cases. Laypeople tend to assign better scores than orthodontists and dentists, and when they are men, they are less critical than women of unesthetic results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyone here is a social media influencer!","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147578648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of retromolar mini-screws for distalization in preparation for orthognathic surgery: A case series","authors":"Haya Drora Assaf ,&nbsp;Itamar Fridlander ,&nbsp;Rizan Nashef ,&nbsp;Eran Regev ,&nbsp;Oded Yitschaky","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment is often chosen by clinicians and patients to enhance both skeletal and occlusal relations in cases of moderate to severe jaw discrepancies. Presurgical orthodontic preparation is crucial for achieving arch coordination and eliminating dentoalveolar compensation. Three cases with varying dental and skeletal characteristics are presented, one with protruded mandible and Class III relationship, the second with maxillary vertical excess and retruded mandible, and the third with retruded mandible. Distalization using retromolar skeletal anchorage for molar distalization was employed to achieve arch coordination and eliminate dentoalveolar compensation. The final outcomes demonstrated a harmonious occlusion with ideal interdigitation and a well-balanced facial profile<strong>.</strong> In cases with a favorable initial arch coordination that require space for incisor decompensation or crowding relief, distalization becomes a preferred strategy<strong>.</strong> Retromolar screws provide an advantageous force vector, facilitating efficient retraction of the entire dental arch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 145-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital treatment planning and clear aligners therapy: Current evidence-based perspectives in growing patients — A narrative review with case reports","authors":"Roberta Lione ,&nbsp;Francesca Chiara De Razza ,&nbsp;Letizia Lugli ,&nbsp;Francesca Gazzani ,&nbsp;Manuela Mucedero ,&nbsp;Paola Cozza ,&nbsp;Chiara Pavoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixed dentition phase represents a fundamental step for guiding occlusal development and addressing dento-skeletal discrepancies in growing patients. Among available modalities, clear aligners (CA) have emerged as a viable option in Phase I therapy, offering benefits in terms of aesthetics, hygiene, and comfort. The present narrative review explores current evidence on CA therapy in growing patients and analyses the biomechanical issues of CA therapy. Two clinical cases are presented to illustrate treatment protocols highlighting the importance of customized digital planning in the application of CA in early orthodontic intervention to obtain aesthetic and functional results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 171-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of four chatbots versus orthodontists in answering multiple-choice questions in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics","authors":"Maged S. Alhammadi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Sawady ,&nbsp;Mona M Salah Fayed ,&nbsp;Saleem Abdulrab ,&nbsp;Nada O. El Zawahry ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ahmed Fekry ,&nbsp;Amwaj Yahya Hassan Alamer ,&nbsp;Esam Halboub","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study assessed the performance of four prominent chatbots (ChatGPT-4o, Grok 3, Gemini Advanced, and Claude 3.7 Sonnet) in answering orthodontics- and dentofacial orthopedics-related multiple-choice questions (MCQs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One hundred MCQs were prepared by three orthodontic consultants. These questions, each with four potential answers, covered basic and advanced orthodontic knowledge and clinical case scenarios. The chatbots’ answers were assessed twice at a one-week interval. Three orthodontists’ answers were reported once on a Google Form. Performance was measured as the percentage of correct answers, while consistency was measured as the McNemar test and Cohen's Kappa. A <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The chatbots’ performance ranged from 72% to 84% and from 79% to 85% in the first and second rounds, respectively. Orthodontists’ performances ranged from 71% to 84%. The highest intrachatbot consistency was observed for Grok 3 (McNemar <em>P</em> = 1, and Kappa = 0.793), while the lowest was for Gemini Advanced and ChatGPT-4o (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.001 and 0.167, respectively, and Kappa = 0.490 each). The interchatbot consistencies showed variability over time and were significantly different between Grok 3 and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.109, and Kappa = 0.677) in the first round and between Gemini Advanced and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.344, and Kappa = 0.647) in the second round. The consistencies among the orthodontists and between the orthodontists and chatbots were highly variable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The performance of the evaluated chatbots in answering MCQs in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics is still below expectations, although it was slightly better than that of orthodontists. Substantial inconsistencies existed among the chatbots, thus making them unsuitable for completely replacing existing educational methods and strongly suggesting that further improvement, continuous updating, and assessments are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical evaluation of attachment geometries for labio-lingual inclinations in maxillary incisors of Class II Division 2 malocclusion: A 3D finite element analysis","authors":"Dhaval Fadia ,&nbsp;Puneet Batra ,&nbsp;Nikhillesh Vaiid","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Class II Division 2 malocclusion presents biomechanical challenges due to retroclined maxillary incisors, often complicated by soft tissue constraints. Clear aligner therapy (CAT), though patient-friendly, shows limitations in predictably modifying labiolingual inclination. Recent attachment design advancements offer potential solutions but require biomechanical validation. Finite element modelling (FEM) serves as an effective analytical tool to evaluate these mechanics. The present study aims to compare the efficacy of three attachment geometries in expressing labiolingual inclination of maxillary incisors in a FEM model simulating Class II Division 2 malocclusion EIC.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A FEM of the maxilla was generated from CBCT data of a Class II Division 2 patient. Labiolingual inclinations of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, and 25° were simulated on maxillary central and lateral incisors. Three attachment designs were evaluated: labial horizontal attachments (LHA), palatal horizontal attachments with labial power ridges (PHALPR) and labial-palatal reciprocal power ridges (LPRPR). Displacement and von Mises stress were calculated for teeth and supporting structures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LPRPR showed the highest displacement (0.1418 mm) and stress (384.89 MPa), followed by PHALPR (0.1211 mm; 327.35 MPa) and LHA (0.1048 mm; 204.65 MPa) respectively. Lateral incisors demonstrated greater displacement and stress than central incisors. Supporting structures showed peak stress under LPRPR conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Attachment geometry significantly affects labiolingual inclination expression in CAT. Among the tested designs, the LPRPR configuration demonstrated superior biomechanical efficiency for managing labiolingual inclination in Class II Division 2 malocclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 110-118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tech -Neck: Orthodontic implications of screentime overload","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"My long and winding road in orthodontics","authors":"Eustaquio A. Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript presents the transcript of the World Federation of Orthodontists Honorary Lecture delivered at the opening ceremony of the 10th International Orthodontic Congress in Rio de Janeiro, titled <em>“My Long and Winding Road in Orthodontics.”</em> The lecture reflects on the author’s professional journey in orthodontics and the evolution of the speciality over several decades, illustrated through representative clinical cases. The narrative traces major paradigm shifts in orthodontic practice, including the transition from banding to bonding, advances in anchorage control, the introduction of skeletal anchorage systems, the emergence of aligner-based therapies, and the integration of digital technologies into diagnosis and treatment planning. Clinical cases are presented to demonstrate how these developments have influenced treatment strategies for complex malocclusions, including vertical discrepancies, anterior open bite, severe skeletal deformities, and interdisciplinary orthodontic–surgical cases. Long-term follow-up records are included when available, emphasizing treatment stability and the enduring importance of accurate diagnosis and patient cooperation. Beyond technical advances, the lecture underscores the broader role of orthodontics in improving function, esthetics, and quality of life, while highlighting the values of mentorship, collaboration, and lifelong learning. This Honorary Lecture transcript is intended to offer inspiration and clinical insight to orthodontic students, residents, and practitioners by sharing lessons learned from a lifetime dedicated to the speciality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145991165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm activity of chitosan nanoparticles incorporated into three-dimensional printed clear aligners on Streptococcus mutans after in vivo aging: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Malak A. Alhuwaizi ,&nbsp;Hayder F. Saloom","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To investigate if chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs), incorporated into three-dimensional-printed clear aligners (CAs), retain their antibiofilm activity against <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> after extended use in the oral environment. Additionally, to measure the impact of the aligners on patient-reported outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: conventional CA and CA containing 3% ChNPs. They were instructed to wear their aligners for either one week (N = 16) or two weeks (N = 16) before CAs were retrieved. Clinical parameters, including plaque index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP), were measured, and the devices were weighed at baseline and at endpoints. A self-reported questionnaire was also completed. Samples from the retrieved devices underwent antibiofilm assays against <em>S. mutans</em> (American Type Culture Collection strain and a clinical isolate).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After two weeks, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower PI and BOP scores compared to the control group (4.61 ± 1.22 vs 16.16 ± 5.26, and 3.83 ± 1.03 vs 5.35 ± 3.03, respectively). The number of colony-forming units was significantly reduced in the ChNPs-containing CAs (effect size &gt; 0.9), with a greater effect against the American Type Culture Collection strain than the clinical isolate at both time points (effect size week 1: 0.953, week 2: 0.621). The ChNPs did not affect the device weight after <em>in vivo</em> aging, and the participants reported higher satisfaction levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Three-dimensional-printed CAs with ChNPs retained strong antibiofilm activity against <em>S. mutans</em> after two weeks of in vivo use. This was clinically reflected by lower PI and BOP scores and improved self-reported outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A diagnostic and treatment planning checklist for vertical problems in orthodontic patients","authors":"Flavia Artese ,&nbsp;Carlo Bosoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical discrepancies in orthodontics represent a complex and multifactorial diagnostic challenge. Traditional approaches often lack a consistent correlation between facial patterns, overbite, and occlusal vertical dimension, limiting a comprehensive treatment planning. This article proposes a diagnostic checklist structured around five key factors—lower anterior facial height, incisor display at rest, posterior dental height, overbite, and occlusal wear—to assess vertical problems across macro-, mini-, and microesthetic levels. The amount of incisor display at rest serves as the guiding parameter for planning vertical tooth movements and determining jaw positioning. Each diagnostic factor contributes uniquely to evaluating vertical proportions, esthetic balance, and functional occlusion. The checklist offers clinicians a hierarchical tool to decode clinical and cephalometric findings and translate them into individualized treatment strategies. Possible therapeutic options include anterior or posterior tooth intrusion or extrusion, restoration of worn teeth, and orthodontic or orthognathic repositioning of dental or skeletal structures. Three clinical cases—addressing deep bite, open bite, and occlusal wear—illustrate the application of the checklist. These examples underscore the critical role of incisor display in planning and executing movements that harmonize the face, smile, and occlusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 1","pages":"Pages 76-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145427118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}