Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"CDSNet: An automated method for assessing growth stages from various anatomical regions in lateral cephalograms based on deep learning.","authors":"Yuchen Zhang, Zhen Lu, Jianglin Zhou, Yi Sun, Wuci Yi, Juan Wang, Tianjing Du, Dongning Li, Xinyan Zhao, Yifei Xu, Chen Li, Kun Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The assessment of growth stages, typically determined by Cervical Vertebrae Maturation (CVM), plays a crucial role in orthodontics. However, there is a potential deviation from actual growth stages when using CVM. This study aimed to introduce CDSNet, an interpretable deep learning model for assessing growth stages based on cervical vertebrae, dentition, and frontal sinus in lateral cephalograms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dataset of 1,732 pairs of lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs from patients who underwent orthodontic treatment was annotated by four dentists. Benchmarks were conducted using CVM and logistic regression. Experiments were designed to evaluate CDSNet's performance in assessing growth stages using various methods and anatomical regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CDSNet achieved remarkable Accuracy (90.99%), Precision (89.98%), Recall (92.50%), and F-1 Score (91.22%) in assessing growth spurt, representing significant improvements of 26.56%, 27.96%, 30.26%, and 29.30% compared to the CVM-based method. Additionally, when compared to a deep learning method based on cervical vertebrae, improvements of 12.25%, 11.40%, 14.14%, and 12.56% were observed. The interpretable module's side output revealed the involvement of cervical vertebrae, dentition, and frontal sinus in assessing growth spurt.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the clinical domain, CDSNet is able to assist clinicians in determining patients' growth stages, particularly those near the boundary between two stages with less distinct features. This study demonstrated the role of interpretable deep learning in investigating the external manifestations of craniofacial growth. Integrating algorithmic or clinical research to analyze multiple features on lateral cephalograms proved a feasible approach to assist orthodontists and improve diagnostic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of incipient enamel-carious–like lesion treated with hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-invasive restoration of tooth enamel is a topic of high relevance in dental material science. Multiple approaches have been proposed to reach optimum reconstruction results. The current study was performed to evaluate the cross-sectional microhardness besides mineral quality and content in artificially induced carious enamel after treatment with hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HAp-CS) nanocomposite gel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Artificially carious lesions were induced by immersion of teeth in acidic carboxymethyl cellulose gel (pH 4.95–5) for 24- and 72-hours periods. Two different compositions of HAp-CS nanocomposite hydrogel were prepared with two different ratios 50/50 (%) and 70/30 (%), respectively. Additionally, sodium fluoride gel (1000 ppm concentration) was prepared and used as reference. Gels were applied to carious lesions twice/day for 3 min/each. After 45 days of application, surface morphology, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman analysis in addition to cross-sectional microhardness were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and <em>Tukey's</em> post hoc statistical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Surface morphological evaluation of treated surfaces showed obliteration of surface irregularities. Groups demineralized for 24 hours and treated with 70/30 (HAp-CS) showed highest significant cross-sectional-microhardness (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05). Evaluated subsurface cross-sectional microhardness showed better mineral quality for groups demineralized for 24 hours and treated with HAp-CS nanocomposite gels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nanocomposite gel with 70/30 (HAp-CS) could efficiently improve cross-sectional microhardness and both minerals composition and quality for lesions demineralized for 24 hours. More severely induced lesions, as demineralized for 72 hours, need more powerful agent compositions and/or prolonged application protocols for improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of digital analysis versus manual analysis on orthodontic casts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As artificial intelligence within digital processes continues to advance and replace conventional manual workflows, it is crucial that digital data are consistent with analog data. The aim was to evaluate the validity and time efficiency of digital cast analysis on digital models in comparison with the manual, gold standard, cast analysis on plaster models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cast analysis was performed on 30 patients in three various methods: manually measured variables on plaster models (MP), manually measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (MD), and automatically measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (AD) on digital models. Digital cast analysis was performed in CS Model+. Analyses included metrical and categorical variables and the required work time. Measurements in MD and AD were validated to MP. Validity of the metrical variables was analyzed with Bland-Altman, Dahlberg's formula, and paired sample <em>t</em> test. Categorical variables were validated by Cohen's Kappa. Work time was analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Metrical variables had measurement errors ranging 0.4 to 1.4 mm between MP-MD, and 0.6 to 3.2 mm between MP-AD. Observations of categorical variables had a moderate to strong (0.65 to 0.9) level of agreement between MP-MD, and a weak to moderate (0.4 to 0.68) level of agreement between MP-AD. Data for dental stage, vertical, and transversal relation was not provided in AD. Cast analysis was performed quicker digitally, <em>P ≤</em> 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Digital cast analysis is consistent with manual cast analysis for metrical variables. Analyses of categorical variables show a weak level of agreement with automatic digital analysis, such as space conditions and midline assessments. Digital cast analysis optimizes time compared with manual cast analysis, with automatic analysis being the fastest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 221-228"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of incipient enamel-carious-like lesion treated with hydroxyapatite-chitosan nanocomposite hydrogel.","authors":"Salma M Fathy, Alsayed Abdelhafez, Fawzy A Darwesh, Tarek A Elkhooly","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-invasive restoration of tooth enamel is a topic of high relevance in dental material science. Multiple approaches have been proposed to reach optimum reconstruction results. The current study was performed to evaluate the cross-sectional microhardness besides mineral quality and content in artificially induced carious enamel after treatment with hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HAp-CS) nanocomposite gel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Artificially carious lesions were induced by immersion of teeth in acidic carboxymethyl cellulose gel (pH 4.95-5) for 24- and 72-hours periods. Two different compositions of HAp-CS nanocomposite hydrogel were prepared with two different ratios 50/50 (%) and 70/30 (%), respectively. Additionally, sodium fluoride gel (1000 ppm concentration) was prepared and used as reference. Gels were applied to carious lesions twice/day for 3 min/each. After 45 days of application, surface morphology, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman analysis in addition to cross-sectional microhardness were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surface morphological evaluation of treated surfaces showed obliteration of surface irregularities. Groups demineralized for 24 hours and treated with 70/30 (HAp-CS) showed highest significant cross-sectional-microhardness (P ≤ 0.05). Evaluated subsurface cross-sectional microhardness showed better mineral quality for groups demineralized for 24 hours and treated with HAp-CS nanocomposite gels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nanocomposite gel with 70/30 (HAp-CS) could efficiently improve cross-sectional microhardness and both minerals composition and quality for lesions demineralized for 24 hours. More severely induced lesions, as demineralized for 72 hours, need more powerful agent compositions and/or prolonged application protocols for improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are you stressed at work?","authors":"Vinod Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 197-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsurgical treatment of an adult patient with severe transversal skeletal discrepancy: Tooth bone-borne tandem expander and hybrid aligner approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although they have proven effective in the resolution of mild to moderate malocclusions, aligners demonstrate substantial limitations. More complex malocclusions therefore require a combination of auxiliaries, or a hybrid approach involving both aligners and fixed appliances, such as miniscrew-supported appliances or sectionals. This case report presents a 25-year-old female patient with a severe transversal discrepancy associated with an anterior open-bite tendency effectively treated with a tooth bone-borne palatal expander characterized by two expansion screws (tandem expander) and a hybrid treatment with aligners.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>After accurate matching between the pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography scan and digital models, four self-drilling miniscrews were inserted palatally using a computer- aided design and computer-aided manufacturing surgical template to guide their correct and safe placement, and a tooth bone-borne appliance was fitted. After this first phase, the hybrid clear aligner approach was used to obtain alignment, leveling, and arch coordination, with the use of a partial lingual fixed appliance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Transverse maxillary deficiency was corrected, crowding has been resolved, Class I molar and canine relationship were obtained, and marginal ridges has been aligned.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Double jackscrew of the tandem expander enabled effective expansion of both the posterior segments as required to correct the skeletal discrepancy and the anterior region, thus relieving the dental crowding. Lingual sectional appliances have been shown to increase the effectiveness of clear aligners which, on the other hand, have been shown to be effective in closing the anterior bite by retroclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors and, only minimally, by extrusion movements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 250-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the accuracy of bracket axial positioning with and without radiographic support and according to practitioner experience: A three-dimensional study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Accurate bracket positioning remains challenging. To avoid angulation errors, some recommend examining the panoramic radiograph during bonding. However, it can cause distortions. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a more precise panoramic reconstruction but with higher radiation doses. The main objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of axial positioning between direct bonding without radiography, with conventional panoramic radiograph, and with panoramic reconstruction from CBCT. The secondary objectives are to evaluate positioning accuracy of each tooth and to assess the influence of practitioner level of experience.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty practitioners, divided into two groups based on their experience performed direct bonding on a model thrice: without radiography, then with the conventional panoramic radiograph, then with the panoramic reconstruction from CBCT. Models were scanned, and angulation errors were measured using OrthoAnalyzer. Values were compared using the Friedman's test followed by the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (<em>P</em>-value = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the low level of experience group, angulation errors were significantly greater than the accepted limit without radiographic reference, and significantly lower with CBCT reconstruction. For the high level of experience group, angulation errors were significantly lower than the accepted limit for the three bonding methods. For every tooth, using the panoramic reconstruction from CBCT as a reference, was the most accurate method, regardless of the level of experience. More experienced practitioners made fewer errors for the three methods.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Panoramic reconstruction from CBCT is the most accurate method to limit angulation errors during direct bonding. Conventional panoramic radiography remains a reliable tool if used with caution. Bonding without any radiographic reference should be avoided especially for less experienced practitioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): The “Why, What and How” of decision making for orthodontists","authors":"Nikhillesh Vaiid ,&nbsp;Adith Venugopal ,&nbsp;Narayan Gandedkar ,&nbsp;Mauro Farella ,&nbsp;M. Ali Darendeliler ,&nbsp;Samar M. Adel ,&nbsp;Ludovica Nucci","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) presents a significant clinical challenge in orthodontics, with its complex etiology, variable presentation, and profound impact on enamel homeostasis. Utilizing Simon Sinek's “Golden Circle” method, this article systematically explores the implications of MIH within orthodontic practice. The “Why” emphasizes the critical need for orthodontists to understand MIH, given its prevalence and potential to disrupt treatment outcomes. MIH affects up to 40.2% of the global population, and its association with increased caries risk, hypersensitivity, and restorative failures necessitates an informed approach to management. The “What” section addresses the importance of recognizing the phenotypic variability of MIH and its influence on oral health-related quality of life. MIH impacts social and psychological well-being, particularly when anterior teeth are involved, and complicates orthodontic treatment due to challenges in bonding, banding, and restorative protocols. The “How” provides practical guidelines for orthodontic management, including diagnostic considerations, tooth restoration strategies, and the complexities of first permanent molar extractions. Strategic planning is essential to avoid complications such as mesial drift, overeruption, or space loss, with a multidisciplinary approach often required. This article highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and patient-centered care in managing MIH-affected teeth, underscoring the evolving nature of clinical protocols. By framing the discussion through the Golden Circle, this critical review offers a structured and impactful approach to understanding and addressing MIH within orthodontic contexts, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and patient quality of life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on orthodontic tooth movement rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on acceleration of the orthodontic tooth movement and assess the evidence based on the available literature.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The trial was registered and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled studies of PRP on the rate of tooth movement. The search was restricted to articles published in English between January 2000 to 31 December 2023. The search was completed by two reviewers independently and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0) and meta-analysis was performed. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was done to determine the certainty of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and 10 were included in the quantitative analysis. A random-effects model for meta-analysis of seven studies evaluating the rate of canine retraction revealed a statistically significant increase in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement of 0.38 mm/month in 1 month (121 patients; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.49; I² = 35%; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.001) which decreased to 0.09mm/month in the fourth month (80 patients; 95% CI 0.02–0.17; I² = 0%; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.02). Three studies that considered en masse retraction revealed a mean difference of 0.36mm over 3 months (40 patients; 95% CI <strong>−</strong>0.23 to 0.94; I² = 74%; <em>P &lt;</em> 0.23).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study suggests that PRP application can accelerate tooth movement, but its effects decreased over 4 months. The results should be interpreted cautiously due to the study's inherent limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 5","pages":"Pages 229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of printing technology, layer height, and orientation on assessment of 3D-printed models","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have become popular in orthodontics. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of printing technology, orientation, and layer height on the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The maxillary arch of a post-treatment patient was scanned and printed at different orientations (0°, 90°) and layer thicknesses (25 µm, 50 µm, 100 µm, and 175 µm) using two different printing technologies (digital light processing and stereolithography). The 120 models were digitally scanned, and their average deviation from the initial model was analyzed using 3D algorithm. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of all variables on the average deviation from the initial model for the common layer thicknesses (50/100 µm). Finally, one-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test was used to compare the stereolithography (SLA) 25 µm and digital light processing (DLP) 175 µm groups with the groups that showed the least average deviation in the former analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the DLP 50 µm (mean ± SD: −0.022 ± 0.012 mm) and 100 µm (mean ± SD: −0.02 ± 0.009 mm) horizontally printed models showed the least average deviation from the initial model. Finally, the DLP 175 µm horizontally printed models (mean ± SD: 0.015 ± 0.005 mm) and the SLA 25 µm horizontally (mean ± SD: 0.011 ± 0.005 mm) printed models were more accurate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>All the models showed dimensional accuracy within the reported clinically acceptable limits. The highest accuracy was observed with DLP printer, 175 µm layer thickness, and horizontal orientation followed by SLA printer, 25 µm layer thickness, and horizontal orientation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}