Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"22 - Antibiofilm activity of an orthodontic adhesive loaded with copper nanoparticles: In vitro study","authors":"Melissa Solar ,&nbsp;Romina Valdenegro ,&nbsp;Miguel Neira ,&nbsp;Valentina Vega ,&nbsp;Juan Guillermo Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Cristian Covarrubias","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of bacterial biofilm around brackets is a leading cause of caries during orthodontic treatment. Poor patient adherence to oral hygiene protocols necessitates preventive solutions independent of patient cooperation. Copper, known for its antimicrobial and \"antifouling\" properties, prevents biofilm formation or aids in microorganism removal. Advances in nanotechnology have enhanced copper's efficacy by enabling its production as nanoparticles (nCu), offering superior properties compared to its macro- or micro-scale forms. Nanoparticles also provide controlled release and sustained effects, making them ideal for developing bioactive dental materials. This study incorporated nCu into an orthodontic adhesive and evaluated its antibiofilm activity in vitro. Discs (8 mm diameter, 1 mm height) were fabricated with the adhesive, both with and without two nCu concentrations. Nanoparticle incorporation was confirmed via SEM-EDX. Discs were placed in culture plates, treated with natural saliva, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After saliva removal, BHI broth was added, and samples were incubated for another 24 hours. Samples were then washed with PBS, fixed with 4% formaldehyde, and stained with crystal violet. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed. Results confirmed homogeneous nCu incorporation. Discs with nCu showed lower absorbance, indicating reduced biofilm growth, particularly at higher nCu concentrations. No significant differences were observed between the two nCu concentrations. Incorporating nCu into the adhesive reduced biofilm growth, suggesting its potential to minimize biofilm formation around brackets compared to conventional adhesives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 404-405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"89 - Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on airway, polysomnography parameters, and quality of life in children with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Bruno Almeida Rezende ,&nbsp;Rafael Guedes Azzi ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Romano da Silva ,&nbsp;Bruno Frasão Gribel ,&nbsp;André Henrique Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep. Untreated OSA is associated with cognitive impairment, behavioral issues, and cardiovascular complications. Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) has been proposed in patients with constricted maxilla as a treatment option to improve airway dimensions and respiratory function in affected children. However, evidence on its effectiveness remains inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of RME on polysomnographic outcomes, airway morphometric changes QoL in children aged 6 to 13 years with OSA and maxillary atresia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with children aged 7 to 12 y enrolled in a Post Graduation Institution Orthodontic Clinic in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Participants were diagnosed with moderate to severe maxillary atresia and OSA (apnea-hypopnea index - AIH &gt;1) through home polysomnography. The intervention involved RME using Hyrax appliance, following an activation protocol until overcorrection was achieved. Assessments were performed before RME (T1) and six months post-expansion (T2). Variables analyzed included polysomnographic data, airway volume (Computed Tomography), and QoL (Peds-QL 4.0 and OSA-18). This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (Report n. 6.113.613)</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data analysis focused on changes in AIH, oxygen saturation, airway volume, and QoL scores. Preliminary evidence suggests that RME may improve QoL and airway patency in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. However, there was no significant improvement in polysomnographic parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study contributes to the understanding of orthodontic interventions as adjunctive therapy for pediatric OSA. Further research is needed to optimize treatment outcomes and to determine the long-term impact of RME on sleep-disordered breathing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"90 - Effects of structured telephone call and chewing gum on trait anxiety in orthodontic patients with separator placement","authors":"Cheong Joo Ming Cheong ,&nbsp;Mohamad Shafiq Mohd Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anxiety is a common side effect during orthodontic treatment that can negatively impact patient cooperation and treatment success. Non-pharmacological interventions may help reduce anxiety levels in these patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate the differences in self-reported trait anxiety levels among patients undergoing orthodontic separator placement across postprocedural structured telephone call, sugar-free chewing gum and control groups. Sixty healthy female orthodontic patients aged 20-40 years were randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The intervention groups received either a structured telephone call or sugar-free chewing gum for 5 minutes, 24 hours after separator placement. Trait anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before separator placement, immediately after, at 24 hours, and daily for seven days. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the interventions on the mean trait anxiety level over time. A significant effect of time was found (F(8,50) = 2.59, p = 0.019), indicating that trait anxiety decreased over time. The interaction between time and group was also significant (F(16,102) = 2.11, p = 0.013). Pairwise comparisons of the group and time interaction revealed that both telephone and chewing gum groups experienced significant reductions in trait anxiety, particularly from day 5 to day 7. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes over time, with anxiety levels significantly higher than those of the intervention groups during the same period (p &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were found between the telephone call and chewing gum groups at any time point. In conclusion, both structured telephone call and chewing gum effectively reduced anxiety in patients with orthodontic separator placement compared to no intervention. These non-invasive strategies can be integrated into orthodontic practice to enhance patient comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"14 - Accuracy of digital indirect bonding using different bracket transfer methods and a novel shape memory polymer tray material","authors":"Mohammed Elnagar ,&nbsp;Sara Kahng ,&nbsp;Budi Kusnoto ,&nbsp;Veerasathpurush Allareddy ,&nbsp;Maria Viana ,&nbsp;Flavio Snachez","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to evaluate the transfer accuracy of three digital indirect bonding (IDB) techniques: 3D printed resin, CAD-driven silicone, and a novel 3D printed shape memory polymer (SMP) Tera Harz TC-85DAC resin. Brackets were digitally placed on pre-existing patient models, and transfer trays were produced for each material. The IDB was performed for each technique. Bracketed models were scanned and superimposed to measure accuracy in both linear and angular dimensions. A one-sample t-test was conducted to assess any significant error in bracket placement. A repeated measures ANOVA, with Greenhouse-Geisser correction, was conducted to assess mean differences between the three techniques in linear and angular dimensions. The results showed that the bar material had the greatest frequency of bracket placement errors. Premolars had the highest frequency of bracket placement errors, specifically with the bar technique. Overall, the SMP technique demonstrated the greatest accuracy in linear and angular dimensions compared to the bar and silicone methods. The standard for clinical acceptability was set to &lt;0.5mm and &lt;2°. All methods were clinically acceptable in the linear directions, but none were acceptable in the angular measurements. The SMP resin material shows promising results as a novel IDB tray material. Further development of the SMP material is needed for in vivo testing, and future studies should evaluate transfer tray design to control deviations in angular dimensions. Mastering the indirect bonding technique will enable orthodontists to streamline clinical workflow, reduce costs, and increase patient satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"78 - Differences in perceived orthodontic need, satisfaction with dental aesthetics, and influence of social media between Brazilians and Finns","authors":"Anne Linnea Närhi ,&nbsp;Gil Gasparello ,&nbsp;Krista Hylkilä ,&nbsp;Lucas Campos ,&nbsp;Orlando Tanaka ,&nbsp;Anna-Sofia Silvola","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patient perception and satisfaction with their dental aesthetics varies in different populations, and the use of social media may affect the patient values. This study aims to compare the self-perceived orthodontic treatment need, satisfaction with dental aesthetics, and the influence of social media between Brazilian and Finnish populations. A total of 730 participants (365 Brazilians and 365 Finns) of mean age 26.76 ± 7.25 years in the Brazilian and 27.03 ± 11.25 years in the Finnish group participated the survey. In the standardized questionnaire, the self-perceived orthodontic treatment need, and satisfaction with dental aesthetics were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The influence of social media was assessed through questions separated from the Social Media Use Scale (SMUS) regarding time spent on social media, playing with filters and comparison of individual appearance and life experiences to others. Independent Student t-tests and Pearson correlation were conducted. Brazilians reported a significantly higher self-perceived orthodontic treatment need (p &lt; 0.001), but no statistical difference was found in satisfaction with dental aesthetics (p = 0.438) compared to Finns. Time spent on social media was higher among Brazilians (p = 0.029). In addition, Brazilians were more likely to use filters (p &lt; 0.001) and compare their appearance (p = 0.011) and life experiences to others (p &lt; 0.001) than Finns. The self-perceived orthodontic treatment need showed a negative correlation with satisfaction with dental aesthetics (r = -0.476) indicating that those less satisfied with their dental aesthetics felt a greater need for treatment. Social media influence as playing with filters, comparing appearance, and life experiences showed no or weak influence on satisfaction with dental aesthetics and self-perceived orthodontic treatment need (r &lt; 0.20). Brazilians reported a higher perceived need for orthodontic treatment, though satisfaction with dental aesthetics did not differ between groups. Social media had no or a weak influence on satisfaction with and perceived orthodontic treatment need.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"81 - Digital protocol for occlusal adjustment to optimize orthodontic treatment outcomes","authors":"Katia Jael Jaldin Sandoval ,&nbsp;Coffiel Morales M.Jimena ,&nbsp;Morales M. Jimena Torrez Willy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving a stable, functional, and balanced occlusion is critical for the long- term success of orthodontic treatment, especially during the finishing phase where precise occlusal contacts determine stability. Traditional occlusal adjustment techniques, although widely practiced, depend heavily on the clinician's experience, often resulting in variability in outcomes and limited reproducibility. With the emergence of digital technologies, there is an opportunity to implement more standardized, predictable, and minimally invasive adjustment protocols. This study aimed to design and evaluate a digital protocol for occlusal adjustment using intraoral scanning and CAD/CAM planning to enhance the final phase of orthodontic treatment. A prospective clinical study was conducted involving 110 orthodontic patients treated by 25 orthodontists with varying levels of digital training. Digital workflows enabled accurate identification of premature contacts and virtual simulation of selective grinding. Data collection included pre- and post-treatment occlusal mappings, structured surveys, and interviews to assess the clinicians’ familiarity with digital systems and the perceived value of the protocol. Results showed a significant reduction in premature contacts and occlusal discrepancies post-adjustment. Over 80% of orthodontists reported increased confidence and efficiency after digital training, while 93% of patients expressed higher satisfaction due to the precision and non-invasive nature of the approach. In conclusion, the proposed digital protocol contributes to more accurate, consistent, and clinically favorable occlusal outcomes. Training clinicians in digital technologies is essential to optimize results and ensure the long-term functional success of orthodontic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"50 - Comparison between intermaxillary elastics and buccal shelf miniscrews in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","authors":"Tayla Mileski ,&nbsp;Rafael DRM ,&nbsp;Paula Cotrin ,&nbsp;Karina Freitas ,&nbsp;Fabricio Valarelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intermaxillary elastics are one of the most widely used methods for Class III compensatory treatment. However, their application often leads to undesirable side effects, potentially compromising smile aesthetics. More recently, skeletal anchorage has gained popularity as an alternative approach, particularly for mandibular molar distalization in Class III correction.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare cephalometric data of patients with Class III malocclusion using intermaxillary elastics or skeletal anchorage.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The sample included 38 patients with Class III malocclusion. Group 1: 10 patients treated with fixed appliances (Roth prescription) and skeletal anchorage with extra-alveolar miniscrews in the buccal shelf. Group 2: 14 patients treated with fixed appliances (Class III Biofunctional prescription) and intermaxillary elastics. Group 3: 14 patients treated with fixed appliances (Roth prescription) and intermaxillary elastics. Initial and final lateral cephalograms were traced and compared using ANOVA and Tukey tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At treatment end, upper molars were more mesially angulated in the Biofunctional group than in the Buccal Shelf and Roth groups. Lower incisors were more upright and retruded in the Buccal Shelf group than in the other groups. Greater extrusion of lower incisors was seen in the Biofunctional group than in the Buccal Shelf group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Class III elastic treatments with the Biofunctional prescription resulted in greater counterclockwise occlusal plane rotation than skeletal anchorage. Skeletal anchorage in the buccal shelf led to more upright and retruded lower incisors compared to elastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 415-416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"84 - Effect of orthodontic aligners on periodontal health in patients with and without trisomy 21","authors":"Cristiane Travalão Tripoli Paes Barbosa ,&nbsp;Wericon Pedro Santos ,&nbsp;Daniele Gregório ,&nbsp;Roberto Bespalez Neto ,&nbsp;Thaís Maria Freire Fernandes ,&nbsp;Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effect of Orthodontic Aligners on Periodontal Health in Patients With and Without Trisomy 21 Introduction: Patients with Down Syndrome (T21) have a higher susceptibility to periodontal disease due to dental anomalies and difficulties with oral hygiene, which promote plaque accumulation. These patients often require orthodontic treatment to correct malocclusions and skeletal issues, which can be challenging. Orthodontic aligners are an alternative to traditional braces, offering benefits such as better hygiene and comfort.</div><div><strong>Objective:</strong> To assess the periodontal condition of patients with T21 during treatment with orthodontic aligners.</div><div><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> The study included 30 patients (ages 11-35), divided into two groups: T21 (n=10, treated prospectively) and CONTROL (n=20, accessed retrospectively). Both groups used Invisalign™ aligners and had their periodontal condition assessed before treatment and after 60, 120, 180, and 365 days, using the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) and Plaque Index (PI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk, Chi-Square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney, ANOVA, and independent t-tests (p&lt;0.05).</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> The T21 group showed a higher incidence of periodontal pockets at the start of the study (p=0.038) and consistently higher plaque indices at all follow-up periods (p&lt;0.05). No significant difference in gingival bleeding was observed between the groups (p&gt;0.05).</div><div><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Orthodontic aligners are a viable option for patients with T21, as they facilitate oral hygiene and help reduce the risk of periodontal complications. The study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to optimize clinical outcomes and improve the quality of life for these patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palatal versus buccal protraction using plates assisted with facemask in growing Class III patients: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Mohamed Adel Raghib ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdallah Elsaharty ,&nbsp;Mohammad H. Mohammad ,&nbsp;Marwa Shamaa ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Bialy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to compare palatal versus buccal protraction using plates assisted with a facemask in growing Class III patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty growing Class III patients were randomly allocated into two main groups. In Group 1, a surgical mini-plate was bent into a semicircular shape and adapted to the patient’s model to extend from the canine area on one side to the contralateral canine area. The adapted mini-plate was placed on the palate immediately posterior to the palatal rugae. Four self-drilling surgical mini-screws were installed with an angulation of 60°–70° to the long axis of the teeth. In Group 2, a surgical mini-plate was bent and placed in the zygomatic buttress area, according to the anatomy of the region, and fixed with screws. The end of the mini-plate was exposed over the keratinized attached gingiva near the canine, and the end holes were modified to create a hook for elastics. Mucoperiosteal flaps were repositioned and sutured. For both groups, pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were analyzed to evaluate maxillary protraction and dentoskeletal changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A statistically significant difference was found when comparing treatment periods in both groups, with Group 1 showing a shorter treatment duration (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>). Comparison of cephalometric measurements between pre- and post-treatment revealed statistically significant differences in both angular and linear dimensions (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>)<em>.</em></div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both skeletal anchorage protocols for maxillary protraction effectively resolved the severe maxillary deficiency in growing Class III patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"72 - Determining the optimal indicator for facial size changes: Height, weight, or Body Mass Index (BMI) alterations?","authors":"Malgorzata Bilinska ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Garlicka ,&nbsp;Peter Direr ,&nbsp;Petra Kaminkova ,&nbsp;Piotr Fudalej","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Identifying a simple and reliable indicator of facial size changes in children is crucial for optimizing orthodontic treatment. This is because the best timing for treatment often can aligns with periods of accelerated growth, which coincide with significant facial size changes.</div><div><strong>Case Summary:</strong> The study seeks to determine the relationship between changes in facial soft tissue size and changes in height, weight, and BMI in developing children. Study involved 113 children (57 girls, 56 boys), average age of 11.8 years (SD = 1.9), recruited from schools in the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. Facial morphology was captured at two 1-year intervals using a 3D stereophotogrammetric scanner, height and weight were recorded annually, BMI was calculated. Geometric morphometrics (14 fixed landmarks, 400 semi-landmarks) was applied to evaluate facial size. Centroid size (CS) was used as a measure of facial size. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sample, Generalized Procrustes analysis with multivariate regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between annual changes in CS (dependent variable) and changes in height, weight, BMI, sex and age (independent variables). The mean annual changes in CS were 35.6 (SD=23.1) and 53.4 (SD=27.9), mean annual height changes were 6.8 cm (SD=1.9) and 7.1 cm (SD=2.7), mean annual weight changes: 4.7 kg (SD=2.8) and 6.8 kg (SD=4.1) and mean annual BMI changes: 0.5 (SD=1) and 1.1 (SD=1.6). Regression models showed that the best predictor of CS change was weight change (R²=0.26, p&lt;0.001), followed by height change (R²=0.15, p&lt;0.001), and BMI change (R²=0.09, p=0.003). Age had no significant effect on CS change, but sex was associated with CS change, with boys showing more CS changes than girls (R²=0.15, p=0.003).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Monitoring changes in body weight appears to be a better indicator of facial size changes than tracking height in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}