Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) versus conventional NiTi archwires: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Erfan Bardideh ,&nbsp;Mahsa Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Hooman Shafaee ,&nbsp;Keyvan Sohrabi ,&nbsp;Helia Samini","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the effectiveness of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) wires compared to NiTi wires during orthodontic alignment, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Search Methods</h3><div>We comprehensively searched databases up to January 2024, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL, without language or date restrictions.</div></div><div><h3>Selection Criteria</h3><div>Clinical studies aligning with the PICO question were included, and their bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.</div></div><div><h3>Data Collection and Analysis</h3><div>Data were collected using custom forms, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse variance. Primary outcome was Little's Irregularity Index (LII) changes. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and root resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen clinical studies were reviewed, with nine included in the meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed in LII changes during the first four months, with similar findings in the first, second and third months. In the fourth month, NiTi wires exhibited higher reductions. Pain intensity did not differ between groups on the first or the seventh day. No significant difference in root resorption was found between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HANT and conventional NiTi wires showed comparable effectiveness in reducing LII, pain levels, and root resorption during the orthodontic alignment phase. While HANT wires may entail higher costs, their ease of insertion and ligation offer practical advantages. Ultimately, choosing between wire types should consider individual patient needs and clinician preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal and dental open bite treatment using clear aligners and orthodontic miniscrew-anchored fixed appliances in permanent dentition: A systematic review","authors":"Eugene Nshimiyimana ,&nbsp;Pascal Ubuzima ,&nbsp;Christelle Mukeshimana ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Michelogiannakis ,&nbsp;Dieudonne Mbyayingabo ,&nbsp;Eric Mugabo ,&nbsp;Dan Gakunzi ,&nbsp;Evariste Ndanga ,&nbsp;Patrick Mazimpaka ,&nbsp;Janvier Habumugisha","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective was to systematically review studies assessing the efficacy of clear aligner therapy (CAT) and miniscrew-anchored fixed appliances (MAFAs) in the correction of skeletal and dental open bite in the permanent dentition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted across different databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar, up to April 2024. Studies were chosen based on prespecified inclusion criteria. The dentoskeletal changes based on lateral cephalometry were evaluated from the included papers. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias (RoB) assessment were performed in duplicate. Risk of bias assessment was done using ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions) and Cochrane RoB 2 tools. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessed certainty of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 22 studies that were selected, 13 papers covered MAFAs, while 9 articles focused on CATs. Since the included papers consist of prospective and retrospective observational studies, as well as two randomized controlled trials, the scientific evidence is at a low level. CATs primarily induced posterior teeth intrusion and anterior teeth extrusion, contributing to the reduction of the posterior vertical dimension and improved occlusal contacts. Conversely, MAFAs facilitated significant molars intrusion, and controlled anterior teeth extrusion, effectively addressing both dental and skeletal discrepancies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review supports the use of MAFAs and CATs for treating skeletal and dental open bite, highlighting their effectiveness and implications for orthodontic practice. The limitations of this study should be considered when interpreting the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 46-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of alveolar bone remodeling and root length changes in fixed appliances versus clear aligners: A retrospective cohort study on skeletal Class III malocclusion treatment","authors":"Xiaoya He,&nbsp;Xiaojing Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yunhui Xia,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Lixia Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The retrospective study examined changes in the root length and alveolar bone surrounding maxillary incisors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated by surgical orthodontic treatment with either fixed appliances (FAs) or clear aligners (CAs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 60 subjects were divided based on appliance type used. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken at three stages: before treatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment, and post-treatment for both groups. Vertical alveolar bone level and horizontal alveolar bone thickness (ABT) were measured at four heights (3, 6, and 9 mm from the cementoenamel junction, and the root apex), along with root length, at these time points.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed a decrease in root length, with the CA group experiencing a significantly smaller reduction (0.4 ± 0.79 mm) compared with the FA group (0.64 ± 0.8 mm; <em>P</em> = 0.02). The FA group demonstrated more significant reduction in palatal ABT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and greater root resorption, whereas the CA group exhibited considerable labial marginal bone resorption (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and a notable decrease in labiolingual inclination (<em>P</em> = 0.042).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that FA and CA might lead to decreased ABT and significant root resorption, with FA therapy likely resulting in more pronounced effects. Both modalities led to notable vertical bone loss, particularly, on the labial side of the maxillary incisors in the CA group during postsurgical orthodontic treatment. Preventing iatrogenic deterioration of periodontal support surrounding the incisors is crucial during presurgical and postsurgical phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Artificial intelligence (AI) to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – the road ahead","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of ChatGPT and Google Gemini in responding to orthognathic surgery-related questions: A comparative study","authors":"Ahmed A. Abdel Aziz ,&nbsp;Hams H. Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Mohamed G. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study employed a quantitative approach to compare the reliability of responses provided by ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini in response to orthognathic surgery-related questions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>The authors adapted a set of 64 questions encompassing all of the domains and aspects related to orthognathic surgery. One author submitted the questions to ChatGPT3.5, ChatGPT4, and Google Gemini. The AI-generated responses from the three platforms were recorded and evaluated by 2 blinded and independent experts. The reliability of AI-generated responses was evaluated using a tool for accuracy of information and completeness. In addition, the provision of definitive answers to close-ended questions, references, graphical elements, and advice to schedule consultations with a specialist were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although ChatGPT-3.5 achieved the highest information reliability score, the 3 LLMs showed similar reliability scores in providing responses to orthognathic surgery-related inquiries. Moreover, Google Gemini significantly included physician recommendations and provided graphical elements. Both ChatGPT-3.5 and -4 lacked these features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini can provide reliable responses to inquires about orthognathic surgery. However, Google Gemini stood out by incorporating additional references and illustrations within its responses. These findings highlight the need for an additional evaluation of AI capabilities across different healthcare domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment of alveolar bone changes and root resorption in extraction patients after fixed orthodontic treatment: A prospective study","authors":"Himani Gupta ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Chugh ,&nbsp;Rinkle Sardana ,&nbsp;Navleen Kaur Bhatia ,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar ,&nbsp;Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the alveolar crestal bone height, alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption in mandibular incisors after fixed orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 35 patients (mean age 17.02 ± 3.24 years) with moderate to severe mandibular anterior crowding requiring first premolar extraction were included. Cone beam computed tomography scans of the mandibular anterior region were obtained from the patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The alveolar crestal bone height, cortical bone thickness (CBT) (at apex and midroot level), labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption were assessed for all mandibular incisors. Paired Student's <em>t</em> test was used to compare pretreatment and post-treatment alveolar bone changes and root resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant decrease in lingual crestal bone height was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Lingual CBT decreased at the midroot level significantly for all mandibular incisors after completion of orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). A significant decrease in total lingual bone thickness was observed in all mandibular incisors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Root lengths of mandibular incisors decreased significantly in the sagittal and coronal sections after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fixed orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction results in a significant reduction of alveolar crestal bone height, CBT (at midroot level), and alveolar bone thickness on the lingual aspect of mandibular incisors. Significant orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and perception of orthodontic students, and orthodontists regarding role of artificial intelligence in field of orthodontics—An online cross-sectional survey","authors":"Seema Gupta,&nbsp;Santosh Verma,&nbsp;Arun K. Chauhan,&nbsp;Mainak Saha Roy,&nbsp;Wangonsana Rajkumari,&nbsp;Chirag Sahgal","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology in orthodontics. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of orthodontists and postgraduate students regarding the plausible employment of AI within the realm of orthodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey was conducted with 440 participants (264 postgraduates and 176 faculty members). The questionnaire was divided into four domains: Part A, focused on sociodemographic characteristics, Part B (eight questions) identifying the basic knowledge of the participants about the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, Part C (six questions) assessing the participants’ perceptions of the use of AI, and Part D (five questions) assessing the attitudes of participants towards AI. The KAP scores of the participants regarding the use of AI in the field of orthodontics were assessed using a three-point Likert scale for 17 questions and two multiple-choice questions. Responses were analyzed using the chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 266 participants completed the survey, and the majority agreed with the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, particularly for 3-dimensional diagnosis of orthognathic surgeries, cephalometric analysis, and prediction of treatment outcomes. Most participants felt that AI training should be incorporated into the postgraduate curriculum (73%), and were willing to incorporate it into clinical practice (74%). Barriers to the use of AI were high costs, lack of technical knowledge, and lack of awareness. The participants’ KAP scores showed a weak negative correlation with age, years of experience, and designation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study concluded that most of the participants were optimistic about the future of AI in orthodontics. Although most orthodontists and postgraduate students had knowledge of AI, there were many barriers to its use in the field of orthodontics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning for treatment decisions in anterior open bite orthodontic cases: A retrospective study.","authors":"Matthew Rhee, Mohammed H Elnagar, Veerasathpurush Allareddy, Omid Halimi Milani, Ahmet Enis Cetin, Flavio Jose Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This article explores the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms to aid in treatment planning and extraction decisions for anterior open bite cases, leveraging demographic, clinical, and radiographic data to predict treatment outcomes and informed decision-making.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted using patient data from the University of Illinois Chicago Department of Orthodontics. Data included demographic, clinical, and radiographic information from 115 anterior open bite patients who successfully completed their treatment. ML algorithms, including random forest, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), were trained on a subset of the data to predict treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in the percentages of males and females between the extraction and nonextraction groups and cephalometric variables between the two groups, which include maxillary depth, maxillary height, SN-palatal plane, facial angle, facial axis-Ricketts, FMA, total facial height, lower facial height, SNA, SNB, and SN-MP e ML algorithms examined consisted of CNN2, CNN1, and Random Forest, which demonstrated the highest accuracy rates (∼83%), while k-Nearest Neighbor had the lowest (∼73%). Key features influencing accuracy included crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, and facial height measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study's evaluation of AI algorithms showed that CNN2, CNN1, and random forest had an accuracy of approximately 83% in classifying extraction versus nonextraction cases. Notably, features such as U-crowding, L-crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, total facial height, lower facial height, and facial axis-Ricketts were most influential in achieving accuracy rates comparable to traditional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of customized 3D-printed MARPE appliance on hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway: A prospective CBCT study.","authors":"Priyanka Mehta, Ashish Kumar Singh, Abhita Malhotra, Sana Bint Aziz, Puneet Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advances in technology have enabled the customization of appliances including mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances for skeletal expansion in young adult patients. The study assessed the short-term effects of customized MARPE appliances on the hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway volume over a period of 6 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 15 patients in the age range of 15 to 25 years were treated for transverse maxillary deficiency using a three-dimensional (3D) printed customized MARPE appliance. The changes in hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway volume were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography before expansion (T0) and at 6 months post-expansion (T1). The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files were analyzed for post-expansion changes using the NemoCeph 3D and 3D Slicer 5.6.1 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An effective skeletal expansion was observed with significant changes in intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar width; and decreased mid-palatal suture density in the anterior region (P < .05). The changes in tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness were mostly non-significant apart from a significant decrease in buccal bone thickness in the coronal third region (P < .05). There was no significant root resorption or change in airway volumes (P > .05). The philtrum height increased significantly by 1.17 mm (P = .019) with no significant change on right and left sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rapid palatal expansion with 3D-printed customized MARPE enables effective and symmetrical expansion with a significant increase in philtrum height and no significant adverse effects in terms of alveolar bone thickness, dental inclination, root resorption, and airway volumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nasal septum deviation via reformatted computed tomography (CT) imaging following expansion using RPE and MARPE.","authors":"Diana Schron, Marrina Ran-Sukkawala, Elliott Pereira, Yan Zhang, Nicholas Hwang, In-Won Chang, Karla Lindquist, Ryan Williams, Julia Peng, Michael Nedjat-Haiem, Kevin Kang, Christine Hong, Audrey Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) affects nasal septum deviation (NSD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study population includes 22 RPE patients ages 9.62 ± 1.38 years and 20 MARPE patients ages 19.38 ± 7.82 years with initial diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (T0). Another CBCT scan (T1) was taken after patients underwent RPE or MARPE expansion treatment alone. NSD was evaluated three-dimensionally using a custom landmark analysis on T0 and T1 CBCT scans. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used to identify nasal septum shape differences before and after expansion treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCA and CVA showed that while there was change in nasal septum shape from T0 to T1 for MARPE and RPE treatments, the general pattern in morphological change was not found when comparing the variety of phenotypes between individuals. The Procrustes ANOVA regression found P-values for MARPE centroid size and shape were 0.7861 and 1, and RPE centroid size and shape were 0.3508 and 1, respectively, suggesting that there were no significant differences in nasal septum size and shape following expansion. CVA found P-values were 0.99 for MARPE and 0.99 for RPE after 10,000 permutation tests for Procrustes distances, indicating that there were no significant differences between T0 and T1 group means for both treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MARPE and RPE expansion treatments had no effect on nasal septum deviation from T0 to T1.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}