Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Cytotoxicity assessment of Tera Harz TC-85DAC direct-printed clear aligners and effects of post curing time.","authors":"Supakit Peanchitlertkajorn, Kanisorn Makkasaman, Siew Peng Neoh, Supatchai Boonpratham, Yodhathai Satravaha, Zaw Htet Aung, Chaiyapol Chaweewannakorn","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the cytotoxicity of direct 3D-printed aligners fabricated from Tera Harz TC-85DAC resin (TC) compared with conventional thermoformed aligners, and to investigate the effect of different post curing durations on TC cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to eluates from TC and three thermoformed aligners (Essix ACE, Duran, Invisalign). TC aligners were postcured for 14, 20, and 40 minutes (TC80, TC100, TC200). Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, and cell migration was evaluated using a scratch wound healing assay at 24 and 48 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cell viability was significantly reduced in the TC group compared with thermoformed aligners at days 3, 5, and 7. Cell migration was also significantly impaired in the TC group at 48 hours. Among TC subgroups, day-7 viability was significantly lower in TC80 compared with TC100 and TC200, whereas no significant differences in migration were observed among curing times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TC aligners significantly reduced cell viability over the 7-day incubation period compared to control and conventional thermoformed aligners. The cell migration was also significantly reduced in the TC group at 48 hours. Under-curing significantly decreased cell viability, whereas extending the post curing time beyond the manufacturer's recommendation did not result in additional improvement. Furthermore, the amount of cell migration across varying post curing durations was not different at both 24 and 48 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147784237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From genetics to occlusal medicine treatment: A case report on the multidisciplinary management of congenitally missing permanent maxillary canines.","authors":"David F Gómez-Gil, Gonzalo Vásquez-Palacio, Martha L Marín-Botero","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Permanent maxillary canine agenesis is a rare condition caused by genetic, epigenetic, or environmental factors affecting tooth development. It results in malocclusion and adverse physiological changes. We present our orthodontic diagnosis, treatment challenges, and successful outcomes of a case involving a 10-year-old male with Class II/0 malocclusion, mild class III skeletal pattern, anterior crossbite, left mandibular lateral displacement malocclusion, right dental-skeletal crossbite, mild transitional bilateral posterior open bite, moderate lower anterior crowding, mild maxillary spacing, and genetic polymorphisms in MSX1 and PAX9; bilateral permanent maxillary canine agenesis, molar taurodontism, and bilateral mesioangular mandibular permanent second molar impactions. Presumptive mild-to-moderate hypolordosis and phase 2 left adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were also identified. Treatment involved widening the maxilla, replacing maxillary canines with bicuspids, second bicuspid extraction and closing spaces in the mandible, and deimpacting second mandibular molars. Spine follow-up showed indirect effects on head posture. Class I occlusion with normal overjet and overbite was achieved. Cervical spine correction occurred spontaneously years later. The spatiotemporal effects of MSX1 and PAX9 polymorphisms on the patient's phenotype led us to apply age-related orthodontic transverse and sagittal treatment strategies to avoid dental replacements and correct dental relationships and molar impactions. This approach also contributed to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) self-correction in adolescence and long-term stability in adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of varying alternating rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions (Alt-RAMEC) durations on maxillary protraction in noncleft Class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Hamza Parvez Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman ,&nbsp;Saraa Angel ,&nbsp;Karthik Sennimalai ,&nbsp;Madhanraj Selvaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This systematic review aims to assess whether extending Alt-RAMEC (Alternating Rapid Maxillary Expansions and Constrictions) protocols from four to nine weeks yields superior skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue outcomes in growing noncleft Class III patients when compared to conventional rapid maxillary expansion (RME).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted across the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and LILACS databases over the past 20 years up to 7 January 2025. Clinical trials comparing cephalometrically conventional RME with Alt-RAMEC-assisted maxillary protraction in growing noncleft Class III subjects were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) and the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool. A random-effects meta-analysis using RevMan was conducted for quantitative synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 1847 articles screened, 24 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 11 studies for meta-analysis. The five-week Alt-RAMEC protocol showed a statistically significant improvement in the ANB angle compared to RME (mean difference 1.37°; 95% confidence intervals 0.85–1.89; <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01; c² = 2.14; I² = 0%). However, both 7-week and 9-week protocols demonstrated no significant advantage over conventional RME/facemask.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Only the five-week Alt-RAMEC protocol offers a statistically significant but clinically negligible improvement in maxillofacial, dental, and soft-tissue outcomes over conventional RME-assisted protraction in managing growing noncleft Class III malocclusion using a Hyrax-type expander. However, this is supported by only moderate to weak evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 95-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender disparity in the authorship of orthodontic papers and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A ten-year bibliometric study","authors":"Aline Goerll Henriques ,&nbsp;Tiago Fialho ,&nbsp;Beatriz Oliveira da Silva ,&nbsp;Eduardo Terumi Blatt Ohira ,&nbsp;Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas ,&nbsp;Fabrício Pinelli Valarelli ,&nbsp;Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ,&nbsp;Paula Cotrin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Women remain underrepresented in the academic world. This study aimed to compare the numbers of female and male authors in high-impact orthodontic journals during the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>A total of 7902 papers published in eight orthodontic journals (American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Angle Orthodontist, European Journal of Orthodontics, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics, Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists, Korean Journal of Orthodontics, Orthodontics &amp; Craniofacial Research, and Progress in Orthodontics) were screened. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (G1): Pre-pandemic (2015-2019) and Group 2 (G2): Post-pandemic (2020-2024). The data were collected manually, including the journal, type of study, gender, and authorship position. Descriptive statistical analyses were used. The sex of the authors before and after the pandemic was compared using the chi-square test. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the total number of authors and the total number of male and female authors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>5494 papers were evaluated and included in the study. There was no significant difference in gender distribution in single-authored papers. After the pandemic, there was a significant increase in women in first and last author positions. The total number of authors and proportion of female authorship in intermediate positions increased significantly post-pandemic. The European Journal of Orthodontics was the only journal that had more female first authors than males in the post-pandemic period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pandemic has not negatively affected female participation in orthodontic publications. There was a significant increase in female authorship after 2020, indicating a gradual reduction in gender disparities in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple and efficient distalization methods using temporary skeletal anchorage devices in nonextraction treatment: A report of two cases","authors":"Yoon-Ah Kook ,&nbsp;You-Sun Lee ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bayome ,&nbsp;Alex Hung Kuo Chou ,&nbsp;Jaewon Kim ,&nbsp;Jae Hyun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonextraction treatment has become more popular with the development of temporary skeletal anchorage devices (TSADs). This report presents simple and efficient mandibular molar distalization methods using ramal plates and buccal miniscrews in nonextraction treatment and describes their biomechanics. The application of TSADs facilitates distalization of both the maxillary and mandibular dentition. The placement of ramal plates prevents gingival impingement at the retromolar region and maximizes the distalization. Meanwhile, mandibular distalization via buccal miniscrews would require application of intermaxillary vertical elastics to avoid gingival impingement and close the resulting posterior openbite.</div><div>These two cases are presented as proof of concept, showcasing the biomechanics of ramal plate for mandibular total arch distalization as a viable treatment option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesthetic evaluation of orthodontic management of missing maxillary lateral incisors","authors":"Cristina Suárez Tuero ,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir ,&nbsp;Teresa Pinho ,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Bravo ,&nbsp;Miguel Hirschhaut ,&nbsp;Maria Dolores Campoy Ferrer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The most common maxillary lateral incisor agenesis (MLIA) orthodontic management options are space closure or space reopening and implant placement. This study aimed to 1. Examine and compare the aesthetic evaluation patterns of orthodontists, dentists, and laypeople for ``good'' and ``bad'' cases of MLIA treated with space closure, space reopening, and implant placement; 2. Determine if ``good'' and ``bad'' cases were scored differently within each group; and 3. Investigate potential gender differences in aesthetic evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A questionnaire was completed by 57 orthodontists, 75 dentists, and 85 laypeople. Participants ranked images of treated MLIA cases on a 1 to 10 scale and identified the best and worst outcomes. Nonparametric statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Mann–Whitney U tests) were employed for both descriptive and inferential analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Laypeople assigned statistically significantly higher ratings to ``bad'' images of both treatment modalities than orthodontists and dentists. Significant differences were found in the comparisons of `good' and `bad' images for both treatment types within the orthodontist and dentist groups. However, statistically significant differences were observed only among laypersons for space opening. Statistically significant sex differences were found among laypeople scoring ``bad'' cases for both treatment approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Dentists and orthodontists can differentiate between good and bad results of closed and open treatments, but laypeople only do so in open cases. Laypeople tend to assign better scores than orthodontists and dentists, and when they are men, they are less critical than women of unesthetic results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145606662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyone here is a social media influencer!","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2026.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147578648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of retromolar mini-screws for distalization in preparation for orthognathic surgery: A case series","authors":"Haya Drora Assaf ,&nbsp;Itamar Fridlander ,&nbsp;Rizan Nashef ,&nbsp;Eran Regev ,&nbsp;Oded Yitschaky","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment is often chosen by clinicians and patients to enhance both skeletal and occlusal relations in cases of moderate to severe jaw discrepancies. Presurgical orthodontic preparation is crucial for achieving arch coordination and eliminating dentoalveolar compensation. Three cases with varying dental and skeletal characteristics are presented, one with protruded mandible and Class III relationship, the second with maxillary vertical excess and retruded mandible, and the third with retruded mandible. Distalization using retromolar skeletal anchorage for molar distalization was employed to achieve arch coordination and eliminate dentoalveolar compensation. The final outcomes demonstrated a harmonious occlusion with ideal interdigitation and a well-balanced facial profile<strong>.</strong> In cases with a favorable initial arch coordination that require space for incisor decompensation or crowding relief, distalization becomes a preferred strategy<strong>.</strong> Retromolar screws provide an advantageous force vector, facilitating efficient retraction of the entire dental arch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 145-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145530857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital treatment planning and clear aligners therapy: Current evidence-based perspectives in growing patients — A narrative review with case reports","authors":"Roberta Lione ,&nbsp;Francesca Chiara De Razza ,&nbsp;Letizia Lugli ,&nbsp;Francesca Gazzani ,&nbsp;Manuela Mucedero ,&nbsp;Paola Cozza ,&nbsp;Chiara Pavoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mixed dentition phase represents a fundamental step for guiding occlusal development and addressing dento-skeletal discrepancies in growing patients. Among available modalities, clear aligners (CA) have emerged as a viable option in Phase I therapy, offering benefits in terms of aesthetics, hygiene, and comfort. The present narrative review explores current evidence on CA therapy in growing patients and analyses the biomechanical issues of CA therapy. Two clinical cases are presented to illustrate treatment protocols highlighting the importance of customized digital planning in the application of CA in early orthodontic intervention to obtain aesthetic and functional results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 171-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of four chatbots versus orthodontists in answering multiple-choice questions in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics","authors":"Maged S. Alhammadi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Sawady ,&nbsp;Mona M Salah Fayed ,&nbsp;Saleem Abdulrab ,&nbsp;Nada O. El Zawahry ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ahmed Fekry ,&nbsp;Amwaj Yahya Hassan Alamer ,&nbsp;Esam Halboub","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The present study assessed the performance of four prominent chatbots (ChatGPT-4o, Grok 3, Gemini Advanced, and Claude 3.7 Sonnet) in answering orthodontics- and dentofacial orthopedics-related multiple-choice questions (MCQs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One hundred MCQs were prepared by three orthodontic consultants. These questions, each with four potential answers, covered basic and advanced orthodontic knowledge and clinical case scenarios. The chatbots’ answers were assessed twice at a one-week interval. Three orthodontists’ answers were reported once on a Google Form. Performance was measured as the percentage of correct answers, while consistency was measured as the McNemar test and Cohen's Kappa. A <em>P</em> ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The chatbots’ performance ranged from 72% to 84% and from 79% to 85% in the first and second rounds, respectively. Orthodontists’ performances ranged from 71% to 84%. The highest intrachatbot consistency was observed for Grok 3 (McNemar <em>P</em> = 1, and Kappa = 0.793), while the lowest was for Gemini Advanced and ChatGPT-4o (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.001 and 0.167, respectively, and Kappa = 0.490 each). The interchatbot consistencies showed variability over time and were significantly different between Grok 3 and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.109, and Kappa = 0.677) in the first round and between Gemini Advanced and Claude 3.7 Sonnet (McNemar <em>P</em> = 0.344, and Kappa = 0.647) in the second round. The consistencies among the orthodontists and between the orthodontists and chatbots were highly variable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The performance of the evaluated chatbots in answering MCQs in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics is still below expectations, although it was slightly better than that of orthodontists. Substantial inconsistencies existed among the chatbots, thus making them unsuitable for completely replacing existing educational methods and strongly suggesting that further improvement, continuous updating, and assessments are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 119-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}