Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of direct and indirect skeletal anchorage for maxillary molar distalization in Class II malocclusion: A prospective clinical study.","authors":"Zeyad M Ali, Marwa S Shamaa, Mohammad H Mohammad","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To compare the dentoalveolar and skeletal changes induced by the direct bone-anchored pull distal slider (PDS) and the indirect bone-anchored dual force distalizer (DFD) in Class II malocclusion patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty subjects (mean age: PDS = 12.8 ± 0.9 years, DFD = 12.9 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned to either the PDS or DFD group. Both appliances employed temporary skeletal anchorage devices to achieve molar distalization. Lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental casts were analyzed before (T1) and after (T2) treatment to evaluate skeletal and dental effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both devices successfully distalized the maxillary first molars (PDS = 7 ± 1 months, DFD = 9 ± 2 months). The distalization amounts were not significantly different (P = 0.339). However, the PDS group exhibited minimal distal tipping (1.75° ± 0.63°, P < 0.001), while the DFD group showed mesial tipping (2.27° ± 5.37°, P = 0.270). The PDS group demonstrated significant maxillary incisor retroclination (-3.21° ± 0.99°, P < 0.001), whereas the DFD group exhibited significant proclination (2.95° ± 1.83°, P = 0.003) and mesial movement (0.91 ± 0.51 mm, P = 0.001). Additionally, the PDS group experienced spontaneous distal premolar drifting, while the DFD group showed mesial movement and tipping of the premolars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both PDS and DFD effectively distalized maxillary molars, but the PDS provided better control by minimizing tipping and anchorage loss, while the DFD caused anterior anchorage loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Mini-screw and Nance palatal arch for anchorage control following segmental maxillary canine retraction in adolescents with angle Class I crowding using 3D digital models: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Sanjeev Verma, Vinay Kumar, Raj Kumar Verma, Satinder Pal Singh, Shagun Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare anchorage control and treatment duration between Mini-screws and the Nance palatal arch during segmental canine retraction in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>Two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Fifty patients (11-18 years) requiring first premolar extraction were randomly assigned to Group 1 (Nance palatal arch) or Group 2 (Mini-screw) in the ratio of 1:1. Eligibility criteria included Angle's Class I molar relation, tooth material arch length discrepancy more than 10 mm, requiring first premolar extraction. Allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Pretreatment and postretraction digital models were analyzed after individual canine retraction with Burstone's T-loop using 3-matic software. t tests were used to assess tooth movement, and the Mann-Whitney test was employed to evaluate treatment duration (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 25 patients in the Nance group completed the trial. Two patients in the Mini-screw group were excluded due to screw loosening (n = 23 analyzed). The mean distal canine movement was similar in both groups, but molar mesial movement was significantly lower in Group 2 (0.68 and 0.41 mm) than in Group 1 (1.68 and 1.61 mm). The treatment duration was significantly less Group 2 (173.2 days) compared to Group 1 (186.0 days).</p><p><strong>Harms: </strong>No harms were reported in the trail.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the mesial movement of molars was significantly less for the Mini-screws, the Nance palatal appliance was clinically equally effective in reinforcing the distal movement of canines. The differences in anchorage loss between the two modalities were small, and clinical judgment is thus imperative for decision-making and planning for absolute anchorage with a Mini-screw.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term stability of dental arch widths after extraction and nonextraction orthodontic treatment: A retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Theodora T Giannakopoulou, Alexandra K Papadopoulou, Dan Mike Busenhart, Theodore Eliades, Spyridon N Papageorgiou","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental arch width is considered biologically determined and is associated with a balanced occlusion. However, it is often actively altered during orthodontic treatment and these modifications are associated with postorthodontic relapse. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term dental arch width changes among patients treated orthodontically with fixed appliances and assess the effect of dental extractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Young (<18 years) patients with malocclusion, who had been treated orthodontically with 0.018\"-slot edgewise fixed appliances, were included in this retrospective longitudinal study. The maxillary/mandibular intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were digitally measured before treatment (T1), at debond (T2), and an average of 7 years post-debond (T3). Data was analyzed statistically at 5% with regression modeling, while a subsample of borderline patients was analyzed to assess the effect of extractions on long-term stability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 patients were included (59.6% female; 11.5-year-old at T1), 39.4% (41/104) of which were treated with premolar extractions. All dental arch widths were increased during fixed appliance treatment, with considerable differences between extraction and nonextraction cases (P < 0.05 in all cases). On average 7 years post-debond, nonextraction cases showed significant relapse in intermolar width, while intercanine and interpremolar widths remained stable. After baseline matching of extraction/nonextraction cases, tooth extractions were not associated with post-treatment relapse (P > 0.05). Treatment-related (T1-T2) increases in all three dental arch widths were associated with post-treatment (T2-T3) relapse for both jaws, with 0.20-0.34 mm T2-T3 relapse for each additional 1 mm of width increase during T1-T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Modest dental arch width increases during fixed appliance treatment showed satisfactory stability in the long term, while greater archwire expansion was associated with increased relapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condylar volume changes in class II division 2 cases treated with unlocking the mandible using clear aligners.","authors":"Hanie Morsi, Karla Carpio Horta, William Wiltshire, Giseon Heo, Tarek El-Bialy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Class II Division 2 malocclusion involves retroclined maxillary incisors and deep overbite, often accompanied by mandibular retrusion. \"Unlocking\" the mandible by proclining the maxillary incisors, correcting the deep bite, and expanding the maxillary arch has been used to treat this malocclusion. However, the impact of this treatment, using Invisalign® clear aligners, on condylar volume remains unclear. This study evaluates three-dimensional changes in condylar volume after using Invisalign® to unlock the mandible in Class II Division 2 growing patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were collected from 22 adolescent patients (11 in the treatment group; 11 in the control group) at T1 (pre-treatment) and T2 (1.5-2 years post-T1). Dolphin imaging software was used for cephalometric tracing, while 3D Slicer and ITK-SNAP software calculated condylar volume. Repeated measure ANOVA compared condylar volume changes, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient assessed the relationship between condylar volume change and ANB angle in the treatment group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant condylar volume increases between T1 and T2 (treatment: P < 0.001, 127.45 ± 30.97, control: P = 0.015, 98.8 ± 36.31), with no significant difference between groups at T1 (P = 0.289, 89.19 ± 81.2) or T2 (P = 0.167, 117.9 ± 81.7). The change in ANB angle did not correlate with the condylar volume increase in the treatment group (Pearson's R = -0.15, P = 0.681).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlocking the mandible successfully corrected Class II Division 2 malocclusion, but condylar volume increases in both groups were likely due to normal growth rather than treatment. Condylar volume change was not correlated with malocclusion correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the effectiveness of standard anterior bracket placement versus smile arc protection method: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Fahimeh Farzanegan,&nbsp;Alireza Ghasemzadeh,&nbsp;Mahsa Ghorbani,&nbsp;Hooman Shafaee","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This randomized two-arm parallel trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of standard anterior bracket positioning with the smile arc protection (SAP) method in terms of occlusal and smile morphometric indices, and perceived post-treatment smile aesthetics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients needing nonextraction orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to either the SAP or standard bracket placement group. Inclusion criteria were ages 11 to 25 years, nonextraction treatment, and good oral hygiene, all treated using the Roth 0.018 system. Primary outcomes assessed occlusal and smile morphometric changes using cephalograms, study models, and photographs. Perceived smile aesthetics was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, paired t-tests, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and analysis of covariance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Forty-two patients (mean age, 19.5 ± 5.5) were randomized evenly between the SAP and standard groups. Baseline characteristics were similar, and one patient from the SAP group was excluded. No significant differences were found between the groups for occlusal and smile morphometric variables before and after treatment (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Post-treatment, the smile arc significantly improved in the SAP group compared to both the standard method (<em>P</em> = 0.005) and its pretreatment state (<em>P</em> = 0.005). VAS scores from orthodontists and laypersons showed no significant differences (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), but general dentists rated the SAP group's smiles as more attractive (<em>P</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The SAP method was more effective in achieving a consonant smile arc than conventional bracket positioning. While other occlusal and morphometric changes showed no significant differences, general dentists found the SAP group's smiles more attractive. Further research is needed to confirm these results.</div></div><div><h3>Registration</h3><div>The research was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) database with the identification code IRCT20220108053669N3.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning for treatment decisions in anterior open bite orthodontic cases: A retrospective study","authors":"Matthew Rhee ,&nbsp;Mohammed H. Elnagar ,&nbsp;Veerasathpurush Allareddy ,&nbsp;Omid Halimi Milani ,&nbsp;Ahmet Enis Cetin ,&nbsp;Flavio Jose Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This article explores the integration of machine learning (ML) algorithms to aid in treatment planning and extraction decisions for anterior open bite cases, leveraging demographic, clinical, and radiographic data to predict treatment outcomes and informed decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A retrospective study was conducted using patient data from the University of Illinois Chicago Department of Orthodontics. Data included demographic, clinical, and radiographic information from 115 anterior open bite patients who successfully completed their treatment. ML algorithms, including random forest, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, and convolutional neural networks (CNN), were trained on a subset of the data to predict treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences were observed in the percentages of males and females between the extraction and nonextraction groups and cephalometric variables between the two groups, which include maxillary depth, maxillary height, SN-palatal plane, facial angle, facial axis-Ricketts, FMA, total facial height, lower facial height, SNA, SNB, and SN-MP e ML algorithms examined consisted of CNN2, CNN1, and Random Forest, which demonstrated the highest accuracy rates (∼83%), while k-Nearest Neighbor had the lowest (∼73%). Key features influencing accuracy included crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, and facial height measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study's evaluation of AI algorithms showed that CNN2, CNN1, and random forest had an accuracy of approximately 83% in classifying extraction versus nonextraction cases. Notably, features such as U-crowding, L-crowding, SN-palatal plane, SNA, FMA, molar relation, total facial height, lower facial height, and facial axis-Ricketts were most influential in achieving accuracy rates comparable to traditional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Opinion Leaders: The new age influencers!","authors":"Vinod Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 123-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of clear aligner versus removable inclined plane in treatment of anterior crossbite in mixed dentition: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Asmaa S. Salem ,&nbsp;Nehal F. Albelasy ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. El-Bialy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the efficacy of clear aligners and removable inclined planes (RIP) in management of anterior crossbite in late mixed dentition patients using a 3D digital model.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four patients with functional anterior crossbite, aged 8 to 12 years old, were randomly assigned to two parallel groups: the clear aligner (CA) group with a mean age of 10.74 ± 1.1 years, treated with clear aligner, and the RIP group with a mean age of 10.54 ± 1.06 years. Digital models were obtained for each patient before (T0) and after 4 months of starting the treatment (T1) using an intraoral scanner. The T0 to T1 digital model was superimposed to assess the primary outcome, labial movement of the maxillary incisors. For each model, the following secondary outcomes were evaluated: overbite, intermolar width (IMW), incisor leveling, arch perimeter (AP), and mesiodistal angulation. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, paired <em>t</em> tests, independent <em>t</em> tests, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was no significant difference between CA and RIP groups regarding overjet, overbite, incisor leveling, and mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary incisors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, a significant difference was found between two groups in IMW, AP, and incisor superimposition (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CA group showed a more significant increase in labial movement of maxillary incisors, IMW, and AP compared to the RIP group. However, both treatment protocols were effective in treating anterior crossbite.</div><div>This study was recorded in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (identifier: NCT06015386).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 125-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haplotype-based association between paternal DNMT1 variants and nonsyndromic cleft lip or without cleft palate in Chile","authors":"Verónica Inostroza ,&nbsp;Roberto Pantoja ,&nbsp;Noemí Leiva ,&nbsp;Rosa Pardo ,&nbsp;José Suazo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is responsible for epigenetic remodeling of the genome during spermatogenesis and maintenance of DNA methylation. The current study aimed to assess the possible association between paternal polymorphic variants of the gene encoding DNMT1 enzyme and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) expression in offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine <em>DNMT1</em> polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants were analyzed in 101 fathers of NSCL/P Chilean cases and 187 fathers of controls. Single marker association for additive, dominant, and recessive models was performed using logistic regression analysis. The haplotype-based association was assessed using 3-SNPs sliding windows with a likelihood-ratio test. Multiple comparison corrections were applied using false discovery rates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>None of the <em>DNMT1</em> SNPs remained significant for any genetic models for single marker association. However, after false discovery rates correction, rs2228611-rs2228612-rs16999714 (q = 0.0042) and rs2228612-rs16999714-rs17291414 (q = 0.0014) haplotypes showed association with the phenotype, based on the dominant model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Paternal haplotypes, sharing the rs2228612 and rs16999714 <em>DNMT1</em> SNPs, are associated with NSCL/P expression in the Chilean population. The absence of <em>in vitro/in vivo</em> experimental evidence about the role of these variants on gene expression or protein function opens the opportunity for further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nasal septum deviation via reformatted computed tomography (CT) imaging following expansion using RPE and MARPE","authors":"Diana Schron ,&nbsp;Marrina Ran-Sukkawala ,&nbsp;Elliott Pereira ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Nicholas Hwang ,&nbsp;In-Won Chang ,&nbsp;Karla Lindquist ,&nbsp;Ryan Williams ,&nbsp;Julia Peng ,&nbsp;Michael Nedjat-Haiem ,&nbsp;Kevin Kang ,&nbsp;Christine Hong ,&nbsp;Audrey Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate whether rapid palatal expansion (RPE) or miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) affects nasal septum deviation (NSD).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The study population includes 22 RPE patients ages 9.62 ± 1.38 years and 20 MARPE patients ages 19.38 ± 7.82 years with initial diagnostic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (T0). Another CBCT scan (T1) was taken after patients underwent RPE or MARPE expansion treatment alone. NSD was evaluated three-dimensionally using a custom landmark analysis on T0 and T1 CBCT scans. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis (CVA) were used to identify nasal septum shape differences before and after expansion treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PCA and CVA showed that while there was change in nasal septum shape from T0 to T1 for MARPE and RPE treatments, the general pattern in morphological change was not found when comparing the variety of phenotypes between individuals. The Procrustes ANOVA regression found <em>P</em>-values for MARPE centroid size and shape were 0.7861 and 1, and RPE centroid size and shape were 0.3508 and 1, respectively, suggesting that there were no significant differences in nasal septum size and shape following expansion. CVA found <em>P</em>-values were 0.99 for MARPE and 0.99 for RPE after 10,000 permutation tests for Procrustes distances, indicating that there were no significant differences between T0 and T1 group means for both treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MARPE and RPE expansion treatments had no effect on nasal septum deviation from T0 to T1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 148-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}