Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Anteroposterior displacements of the jaws and incisors relative to the forehead during growth: A longitudinal cephalometric analysis of untreated subjects with Class I occlusions","authors":"Will A. Andrews ,&nbsp;Adam J. Rudmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess anteroposterior (AP) displacements of the jaws and incisors relative to the forehead in untreated growing subjects with normal (Class I) occlusions.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Serial lateral cephalograms from 74 untreated subjects (37 female, 37 male) with Class I dental relationships were obtained from the AAOF Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Mean age at T1 was 9.9 years; T2 was 17.6 years. T1 tracings were secured over millimeter graph paper with Frankfort Horizontal aligned horizontally. Superimpositions were guided by anterior cranial base structures, then shifted along Frankfort Horizontal so that glabella on T1 and T2 shared a common vertical plane (Glabella-Vertical [GV]). AP displacements of Point A (Pt A), Point B (Pt B), maxillary central incisor’s FA point (U1FA), and mandibular central incisor’s FA point (L1FA) were measured relative to GV. Changes in occlusal plane (OP) inclinations were also measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Average AP displacement at Pt A was –0.47 mm; Pt B +0.71 mm; U1FA +0.32 mm; and L1FA +0.82 mm. OP inclination decreased 2.3⁰ on average. Displacement of L1FA was significantly different between genders (M, +1.16 mm; F, +0.47 mm; <em>P</em> = 0.04). No significant differences between genders were found for any other variable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>AP jaw and incisor positions were effectively static relative to GV during normal growth between ages 9 and 18 with untreated Class I occlusions. On average, no site underwent AP displacement relative to GV that exceeded 1 mm. The OP tended to rotate counterclockwise. In subjects with Class I dental relationships, pretreatment jaw, and incisor positions do not undergo significant AP changes relative to GV during growth after 9 years of age regardless of gender. GV could thus serve as a reliable AP diagnostic landmark in growing patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 274-279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144565395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Mini-screw and Nance palatal arch for anchorage control following segmental maxillary canine retraction in adolescents with angle Class I crowding using 3D digital models: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Sanjeev Verma ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Satinder Pal Singh ,&nbsp;Shagun Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To compare anchorage control and treatment duration between Mini-screws and the Nance palatal arch during segmental canine retraction in adolescents.</div></div><div><h3>Trial Design</h3><div>Two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Fifty patients (11–18 years) requiring first premolar extraction were randomly assigned to Group 1 (Nance palatal arch) or Group 2 (Mini-screw) in the ratio of 1:1. Eligibility criteria included Angle’s Class I molar relation, tooth material arch length discrepancy more than 10 mm, requiring first premolar extraction. Allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Pretreatment and postretraction digital models were analyzed after individual canine retraction with Burstone’s T-loop using 3-matic software. <em>t</em> tests were used to assess tooth movement, and the Mann–Whitney test was employed to evaluate treatment duration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All 25 patients in the Nance group completed the trial. Two patients in the Mini-screw group were excluded due to screw loosening (<em>n</em> = 23 analyzed). The mean distal canine movement was similar in both groups, but molar mesial movement was significantly lower in Group 2 (0.68 and 0.41 mm) than in Group 1 (1.68 and 1.61 mm). The treatment duration was significantly less Group 2 (173.2 days) compared to Group 1 (186.0 days).</div></div><div><h3>Harms</h3><div>No harms were reported in the trail.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the mesial movement of molars was significantly less for the Mini-screws, the Nance palatal appliance was clinically equally effective in reinforcing the distal movement of canines. The differences in anchorage loss between the two modalities were small, and clinical judgment is thus imperative for decision-making and planning for absolute anchorage with a Mini-screw.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 5","pages":"Pages 259-265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144327174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing an AI-driven remote monitoring system for reliable clinical photo acquisition and patient usability.","authors":"Mohammed H Elnagar, Hilary Nieberg-Baskin, Mary Kay Becher, Zachary Joseph Mellion, Blake R Borello, Brian Wilk, Rayan Skafi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the validity and usability of DentalMonitoring (DM), an Artificial Intelligence Driven Remote Monitoring (AIDRM) system, in providing standardized, high-quality photo sets that are clinically suitable for the visual assessment of various clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two independent prospective multi-centric investigations were conducted: The first, a usability investigation, included 63 patients from five sites in the United States. Its goal was to evaluate the usability of DM across four age groups, including individuals with physical disabilities. Patients provided subjective feedback through a questionnaire, while healthcare professionals conducted an objective evaluation of task performance. The second, a validity investigation, involved 104 patients from five other sites in the United States. This study aimed to compare the visual assessment of DM picture sets against the gold standard of standardized live assessments conducted by the same dental expert. Five clinical parameters per arch were evaluated, resulting in a total of 1,040 visual assessment parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the usability investigation, most patients were able to achieve the steps with relative ease with no significant differences between types of participants. In the validity investigation, the global agreement between the two evaluations for the 1040 results generated for the five clinical parameters pooled was 98.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that DM was user-friendly for all participants and that the photosets produced by the DM scans were substantially equivalent to the clinical live assessments conducted by dental experts. This suggests that DM is a highly reliable AIDRM tool, allowing healthcare professionals and patients to consistently produce high-quality image sets without requiring assistance or prior experience. This achievement opens the door to a new paradigm in orthodontic patient follow-up and may bring new dental prevention and treatment follow-up strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145179281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term stability of molar position postdistalization: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kutraaleeshwaran Velmurugan, Venkateswaran Ananthanarayanan, Sridevi Padmanabhan, Vignesh Kailasam","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Molar distalization has generated additional attention with the advent of skeletal anchorage devices. However, relapse after distalization is one of the challenges and the quantum of relapse following distalization, especially over the long-term remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the long-term vertical and sagittal stability of molars postdistalization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane and LILACS) up to April 11, 2025. Studies assessing molar position changes after active distalization and during follow-up periods were included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed using the ROBINS-I tool for non-randomized studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify relapse in vertical and sagittal dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 2594 studies initially identified, six studies (all nonrandomized control trials) were included for the systematic review and five studies were included for the meta-analysis. All studies showed moderate risk of bias. The mean relapse in the sagittal plane was 1.58 ± 0.84 mm (35%) linearly and 2.98 ± 2.07° (53%) angularly. In the vertical plane, it relapsed by 1.44 ± 1.26 mm. Meta-analysis showed a net distalization in the molar position in long-term sagittal plane by 2.77 mm (95% CI 2.33-3.20) and 1° distally (95% CI -2.37° to 4.38°), and in the vertical plane by -0.65 mm (95% CI -2.27 to 0.96). The I² ranged from 60% to 98% indicating high heterogeneity. The relapse was minimal for the incisal, skeletal, and soft tissues parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term assessment following molar distalization demonstrated conclusive evidence of relapse in the sagittal and vertical direction. There was greater relapse in the vertical than in the sagittal direction. There was minimal literature assessing the relapse in the transverse direction. Hence, this systematic review advocates the need for long-term retention postdistalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-stratified microbial colonization in passive self-ligating, active self-ligating, and conventional brackets: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Gowri Sankar Singaraju, Shibitha Balakrishnan, Harneet Kaur, Prasad Mandava","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fixed orthodontic appliances can increase microbial colonization and periodontal inflammation. Bracket design-particularly the presence or absence of elastomeric ligatures-may influence this risk.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare microbial and periodontal outcomes among passive self-ligating brackets, active self-ligating brackets, and conventional brackets during orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect was conducted up to 24^th August 2024 following a predefined PICOS strategy. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-analyses were performed for time-stratified microbial counts (Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus) and periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], probing pocket depth [PPD]) using RevMan 5.0. Evidence quality was assessed via GRADE and Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU) criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies contributed data to the systematic review, of which six were included in the meta-analysis (751 patients, 1227 brackets) across different microbial and periodontal parameters. Passive Metal Self-Ligating Brackets (PMSLB) demonstrated modest but consistent microbial benefits over Conventional Metal Brackets (CMB), especially at 0-3 months (MD = -0.50; 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.04; low-certainty). Reductions in Lactobacillus and other microbes were observed but not statistically significant (moderate certainty). Active Metal Self-Ligating Brackets (AMSLB) showed intermediate outcomes (low certainty). Periodontal improvements were noted in select studies but lacked consistency and had high heterogeneity (very low certainty).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PMSLB offer modest microbial advantages over CMB in early treatment phases. AMSLB performed better than CMB but were less consistent than PMSLB. Due to limited evidence, further well-designed RCTs are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of Comprehensive Facial Soft Tissue Landmark Detection and Analysis Using Frontal View Photographs.","authors":"Sahel Hassanzadeh-Samani, Zeynab Pirayesh, Parisa Motie, Mohammad Soroush Ghorbanimehr, Arash Farzan, Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi, Mohammad Behnaz, Saeed Reza Motamedian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial soft tissue analysis plays a vital role in orthodontics, orthognathic surgeries, and forensic anthropology. This study aimed to determine a standardized midline to assess the reliability of symmetry analysis in frontal view photographs. Additionally, it evaluated the consistency of soft tissue landmark detection and analysis between different observers and over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A power analysis determined the need for a total of 50 standardized frontal-view photographs. These photographs were obtained from Iranian patients aged 9-40 who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Thirty-seven standardized landmarks were annotated across the face, facilitating 73 distinct facial analyses. Five midlines were compared to identify the most reliable one for symmetry assessments. A Python-based automated framework was created to calculate the analyses based on landmarks' x and y coordinates. Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 5 midlines for symmetry analysis, the perpendicular of the interpupillary line passing through the glabella was found to be the most reliable. Overall, the analyses demonstrated relatively good reliability. However, certain landmark points, specifically Gonion (Go), Malar Eminence (ME), Zygion (Zy'), Frontotemporale (Ft'L), and Trichion (Tr'), exhibited lower reliability. Consequently, the reliability of specific analyses, including Bizygomatic width/Facial width, Nasal bridge width/ Endocanthions' distance, and horizontal symmetry of Go', N', and Zy' was reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a comprehensive collection of soft tissue landmarks, facial analyses, and their corresponding inter- and intra-observer reliability. Furthermore, the most reliable facial midline for symmetry analysis was determined. This study demonstrated that certain indices defined in three dimensions have lower reliability when drawn in 2-dimensional images, affecting the reliability of derived analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A split-mouth randomized controlled trial on leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin's role in bone density, trabecular complexity, and canine retraction.","authors":"Seema Gupta, Meghna M Kothiwal, Adeel A Bajjad, Chirag Sahgal, Anil Sharma, Kajol Kumari, Prarthana Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthodontic treatment often leads to alveolar bone loss, necessitating interventions to optimize bone preservation during canine retraction. This study evaluated the efficacy of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) in enhancing bone density (BD), trabecular architecture, and canine movement following first premolar extraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, split-mouth RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov: CTRI/2024/01/061503) enrolled 35 patients (20 males, 15 females; mean age: 18.8 ± 2.04 years males, 19.13 ± 1.96 years females) with Class I bimaxillary protrusion or Class II Division 1 malocclusion, requiring bilateral first premolar extractions (70 sites). Contralateral sockets were randomized (computer-generated sequence, 1:1 ratio) to L-PRF or natural healing (control) to reduce inter-patient variability. Bone density, trabecular patterns, and fractal dimension were evaluated via cone-beam computed tomography scans (ImageJ analysis), and canine movement measured monthly over 4 months using study models. Blinded evaluators analyzed outcomes using t-tests, mixed-model analysis, and Pearson correlations (P < 0.05). Recruitment occurred January 2024-January 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 70 sites were analyzed (no loss to follow-up). L-PRF significantly increased bone density (562.28 ± 13.63 HU vs. 533.00 ± 5.84 HU, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.79), fractal dimension (1.8 ± 0.12 vs. 1.52 ± 0.15, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 2.01), and canine movement (3.53 ± 0.23 mm vs. 2.71 ± 0.22 mm, P = 0.001, Cohen's d = 3.48), but with greater tipping. Trabecular complexity improved significantly (P < 0.05). No adverse events occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>L-PRF significantly enhanced bone density, trabecular architecture, and canine retraction over a follow-up period of four months, offering a promising adjunct to orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic treatment of three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a multidisciplinary approach.","authors":"Yuki Niki, Yukiho Kobayashi, Kounosuke Yoshitani, Keiji Moriyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease-causing inflammation. The impact of SLE pathology and treatment drugs on orthodontic treatment has not been closely examined. We report three cases of orthodontic treatment in patients with SLE. Patient 1: A 16-year-6-month-old female patient presented with an anterior crossbite. She had been receiving treatment with immunosuppressants, systemic steroids, and bisphosphonates (BP). Following BP withdrawal, the left maxillary deciduous canine was extracted, and she was treated with preadjusted edgewise appliances for 1 year and 2 months. Patient 2: A 33-year-4-month-old female patient presented with anterior crowding. She had been receiving immunosuppressive and systemic steroids treatment. After the withdrawal of immunosuppressants and administration of antibiotics, the maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted bilaterally, and she was treated with preadjusted edgewise appliances for 4 years and 4 months. Patient 3: A 24-year-9-month-old female patient presented with anterior crowding. She had been receiving immunosuppressants and systemic steroids treatment. The maxillary first premolars were extracted bilaterally under antibiotic coverage, and she was treated with preadjusted edgewise appliances for 2 years 11 months. In all cases, multidisciplinary approaches were employed, and favorable occlusion was established without SLE flare-ups. Although this report only involved three patients, the findings suggested the importance of starting orthodontic treatment during the remission phase of SLE, administering antibiotics prophylactically before tooth extraction, ensuring thorough oral hygiene management, and monitoring the morphology of the temporomandibular joint and root resorption. Further research is warranted to better understand the oral health of patients with SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palatal versus buccal protraction using plates assisted with facemask in growing Class III patients: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Mohamed Adel Raghib, Mohamed Abdallah Elsaharty, Mohammad H Mohammad, Marwa Shamaa, Ahmed A El-Bialy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to compare palatal versus buccal protraction using plates assisted with a facemask in growing Class III patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty growing Class III patients were randomly allocated into two main groups. In Group 1, a surgical mini-plate was bent into a semicircular shape and adapted to the patient's model to extend from the canine area on one side to the contralateral canine area. The adapted mini-plate was placed on the palate immediately posterior to the palatal rugae. Four self-drilling surgical mini-screws were installed with an angulation of 60°-70° to the long axis of the teeth. In Group 2, a surgical mini-plate was bent and placed in the zygomatic buttress area, according to the anatomy of the region, and fixed with screws. The end of the mini-plate was exposed over the keratinized attached gingiva near the canine, and the end holes were modified to create a hook for elastics. Mucoperiosteal flaps were repositioned and sutured. For both groups, pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were analyzed to evaluate maxillary protraction and dentoskeletal changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found when comparing treatment periods in both groups, with Group 1 showing a shorter treatment duration (P<0.05). Comparison of cephalometric measurements between pre- and post-treatment revealed statistically significant differences in both angular and linear dimensions (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both skeletal anchorage protocols for maxillary protraction effectively resolved the severe maxillary deficiency in growing Class III patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper incisal torque movement with clear aligners: A three‑dimensional finite element analysis","authors":"Xin Yue Tang ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ting Jiang ,&nbsp;Han Su ,&nbsp;Jia Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Qi Qin ,&nbsp;Bing Fang ,&nbsp;Guo Hua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Torque movement is less effective in clear aligner therapy (CAT). This study aimed to analyze the torque movement behavior of incisors under different morphological modifications of aligner trimming lines by using three-dimensional finite element analysis to provide insights for clinical improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A finite element model of the maxillary dentition was constructed from cone beam computed tomography data of an adult. CAT models were generated with different trimming line designs (scalloped, straight, and extended). A 0.5° palatal root torque movement was designed for incisors in each setup model with different center of rotation (COR) positions of 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the incisal edge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incisors exhibited uncontrolled palatal tipping when COR was set at the incisal edge with all three trimming lines. Little compressive stress was observed on the palatal-incisal area of the incisors. Aligners with extended trimming line generated more compressive stress in the labial-cervical area of the incisors than those with straight and scalloped trimming lines, and the incisors showed less labial root displacement. As the programmed COR moved away from the incisal edge by 1, 3, and 5 mm, more compressive stress was found in the palatal-incisal area of the incisors. The incisor movement type shifted from palatal tipping, palatal root torque to labial tipping.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Extended trimming line is favorable but insufficient to achieve palatal root torque of upper incisors in CAT. Setting the COR some distance from the incisal edge in setup improves the predictability of such torque movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 4","pages":"Pages 227-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}