Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Effect of customized 3D-printed MARPE appliance on hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway: A prospective CBCT study","authors":"Priyanka Mehta,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Abhita Malhotra,&nbsp;Sana Bint Aziz,&nbsp;Puneet Batra","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The advances in technology have enabled the customization of appliances including mini-screw-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) appliances for skeletal expansion in young adult patients. The study assessed the short-term effects of customized MARPE appliances on the hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway volume over a period of 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 15 patients in the age range of 15 to 25 years were treated for transverse maxillary deficiency using a three-dimensional (3D) printed customized MARPE appliance. The changes in hard tissues, soft tissues, and airway volume were evaluated using cone beam computed tomography before expansion (T0) and at 6 months post-expansion (T1). The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files were analyzed for post-expansion changes using the NemoCeph 3D and 3D Slicer 5.6.1 software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>An effective skeletal expansion was observed with significant changes in intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar width; and decreased mid-palatal suture density in the anterior region (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). The changes in tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness were mostly non-significant apart from a significant decrease in buccal bone thickness in the coronal third region (<em>P</em> &lt; .05). There was no significant root resorption or change in airway volumes (<em>P</em> &gt; .05). The philtrum height increased significantly by 1.17 mm (<em>P</em> = .019) with no significant change on right and left sides.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rapid palatal expansion with 3D-printed customized MARPE enables effective and symmetrical expansion with a significant increase in philtrum height and no significant adverse effects in terms of alveolar bone thickness, dental inclination, root resorption, and airway volumes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 3","pages":"Pages 161-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper incisal torque movement with clear aligners: A three‑dimensional finite element analysis.","authors":"Xin Yue Tang, Lei Zhang, Ting Jiang, Han Su, Jia Yi Chen, Yu Qi Qin, Bing Fang, Guo Hua Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Torque movement is less effective in clear aligner therapy (CAT). This study aimed to analyze the torque movement behavior of incisors under different morphological modifications of aligner trimming lines by using three-dimensional finite element analysis to provide insights for clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A finite element model of the maxillary dentition was constructed from cone beam computed tomography data of an adult. CAT models were generated with different trimming line designs (scalloped, straight, and extended). A 0.5° palatal root torque movement was designed for incisors in each setup model with different center of rotation (COR) positions of 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm from the incisal edge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incisors exhibited uncontrolled palatal tipping when COR was set at the incisal edge with all three trimming lines. Little compressive stress was observed on the palatal-incisal area of the incisors. Aligners with extended trimming line generated more compressive stress in the labial-cervical area of the incisors than those with straight and scalloped trimming lines, and the incisors showed less labial root displacement. As the programmed COR moved away from the incisal edge by 1, 3, and 5 mm, more compressive stress was found in the palatal-incisal area of the incisors. The incisor movement type shifted from palatal tipping, palatal root torque to labial tipping.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extended trimming line is favorable but insufficient to achieve palatal root torque of upper incisors in CAT. Setting the COR some distance from the incisal edge in setup improves the predictability of such torque movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of rapid maxillary expansion in experimentally induced sinusitis: A controlled animal study.","authors":"Esra Agaoglu Mogul, Hasan Babacan, Mehmet Tuzcu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a commonly used orthopedic method in orthodontics that may influence upper airway physiology. However, its effects on inflammation in sinusitis have not been clearly identified. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of RME on experimentally induced sinusitis in rats using biochemical and histopathological markers.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of RME on inflammatory cytokine levels (neopterin, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) and histopathological changes in rats with sinusitis. The secondary objective was to analyze histological changes in the sinus epithelium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male rats were divided into four groups (Control, Sinusitis, RME, RME+Sinusitis). Sinusitis was induced using Staphylococcus aureus. RME was performed using a helical spring appliance applying 120 g force for 5 days, followed by a 10-day retention period. Serum cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. Histopathological evaluation was conducted on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RME significantly reduced neopterin, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in rats with sinusitis. Histopathological analysis showed decreased PMNL infiltration, fibroblast activity, and epithelial damage in the RME+Sinusitis group compared to the Sinusitis group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RME application reduced inflammation and tissue damage in rats with induced sinusitis, suggesting a potential therapeutic role in upper airway inflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New regression equation for predicting post-treatment lower incisor position based on the pretreatment thickness of alveolar housing.","authors":"Kutraaleeshwaran Velmurugan, Annapurna Kannan, Vignesh Kailasam","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A regression model was formulated to assess the final lower incisor position based on its pretreatment alveolar bone housing. The objective of the study was to determine and quantify the thickness of alveolar bone in the mandibular incisor region using lateral cephalograms in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III patients. Formulate a calculated regression model on the final lower incisor based on its alveolar bone housing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 99 lateral cephalograms from patients with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Digital tracing was performed to measure pretreatment alveolar bone thickness, including labial and lingual cortical thickness and alveolar spongiosa. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to frame the equation. A one-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe tests were used to compare these variables across different skeletal classes and growth patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression analysis identified pretreatment incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) (β = 0.33; P = 0.011) and pretreatment lingual cortical thickness (β = -7.15; P = 0.001) as significant predictors of post-treatment IMPA and a regression equation to predict the post-treatment IMPA was developed. The skeletal Class I patients with average growth patterns exhibited greater labial and lingual cortical thickness than other classes and growth patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A new regression model has been developed to predict post-treatment lower incisor position based on pretreatment alveolar housing. This model can enhance treatment planning and stability by accounting for individual anatomical variations. Clinicians should consider planning the post-treatment lower incisor position for a stable and successful treatment outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the rs6184 growth hormone receptor gene polymorphism in mandibular morphogenesis.","authors":"Ashwin Mathew George, Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan, A Sumathi Felicita, Rebekah Raju, Aravind Kumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polymorphisms in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene influence the craniofacial system by affecting the growth of the mandibular body length and ramal height, with significant variations observed across different ethnic populations. This study investigated the relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6184) in the GHR gene and its effects on mandibular morphogenesis in a Dravidian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 250 subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 100 subjects with skeletal Class I malocclusion and average ramal height (control group). Group 2 included 150 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusions and reduced mandibular body length. On the basis of ramal height, group 2 was divided into two groups with 75 subjects each (short ramus: group 2a) and (long ramus: group 2b). DNA extracted from the salivary samples of individuals was analyzed to identify the genotype of the rs6184 using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and compare it in the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The genotype and allele frequencies showed statistically significant differences between the control (group 1) and groups 2a and 2b (P < 0.0001), with the polymorphic homozygous TT genotype found only in subjects with Class II malocclusions and reduced mandibular body length. However, no statistically significant difference was found between individuals with small and long ramal heights (group 2a and 2b, P = 0.7789).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rs6184 polymorphic variant of the GHR gene can be considered a candidate gene for mandibular morphogenesis in the Dravidian population.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How satisfied are our patients?","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 65-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of restraint stress and orthodontic treatment on physical and psychological states in rats","authors":"Ye Cheng ,&nbsp;Hua Nie ,&nbsp;Jun Qian,&nbsp;Jiangyue Lu,&nbsp;Yanfen Li,&nbsp;Huang Li,&nbsp;Fuhua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the effects of restraint stress and orthodontic tooth movement on the body weight and behavior of rats.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Twenty 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham stress nonorthodontic (CC), sham stress orthodontic (CO), stress nonorthodontic (SC) and stress orthodontic (SO). Rats in the stress group were subjected to restraint stress for 21 days, and those in the orthodontic group received molar retraction on days 8 to 21 (D8–D21). The weights of the rats were measured, and behavioral tests were performed on D0, D10, and D20. Serum corticosterone levels in the rats were measured on D0, D4, D8, D12, D16, and D21.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The weights of rats in the CO, SC, and SO groups were significantly lower than those in the CC group. In the open-field test, the number of times the rats entered the central zone in the CC group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups. In the elevated plus maze test, at D10, the number of times the rats entered the open arms in the SO, SC, and CO groups was significantly lower than that in the CC group. From D12, the serum corticosterone levels in the CO, SC, and SO groups were significantly higher than those in the CC group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both restraint stress and orthodontic tooth movement interventions may have adverse effects on weight, behavior, and neuroendocrine responses. However, overlapping the two intervention methods did not increase the magnitude of the effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated dentition segmentation: 3D UNet-based approach with MIScnn framework","authors":"Min Seok Kim ,&nbsp;Elie Amm ,&nbsp;Goli Parsi ,&nbsp;Tarek ElShebiny ,&nbsp;Melih Motro","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Advancements in technology have led to the adoption of digital workflows in dentistry, which require the segmentation of regions of interest from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. These segmentations assist in diagnosis, treatment planning, and research. However, manual segmentation is an expensive and labor-intensive process. Therefore, automated methods, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), provide a more efficient way to generate segmentations from CBCT scans.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A three-dimensional UNet-based CNN model, utilizing the Medical Image Segmentation CNN framework, was used for training and generating predictions from CBCT scans. A dataset of 351 CBCT scans, with ground-truth labels created through manual segmentation using AI-assisted segmentation software, was prepared. Data preprocessing, augmentation, and model training were performed, and the performance of the proposed CNN model was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The CNN model achieved high accuracy in segmenting maxillary and mandibular teeth from CBCT scans, with average Dice Similarity Coefficient values of 91.83% and 91.35% for maxillary and mandibular teeth, respectively. Performance metrics, including Intersection over Union, precision, and recall, further confirmed the model's effectiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study demonstrates the efficacy of the three-dimensional UNet-based CNN model within the Medical Image Segmentation CNN framework for automated segmentation of maxillary and mandibular dentition from CBCT scans. Automated segmentation using CNNs has the potential to deliver accurate and efficient results, offering a significant advantage over traditional segmentation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of coated orthodontic miniscrews with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate antimicrobial nanoparticles: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Ahmed Ali Al-Hilaly ,&nbsp;Akram Faisal Alhuwaizi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Using miniscrews to control anchorage made the application of force for various orthodontic treatment approaches easier and increased their effectiveness. Some problems may occur during the use of miniscrews, such as peri‑implant mucositis, mobility, postoperative pain, and failure. This study compared the success rate of miniscrews coated with chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate antimicrobial nanoparticles with that of uncoated miniscrews.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial using a split-mouth design, 80 miniscrews were inserted symmetrically into 40 individuals between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. Random allocation software was used to distribute the coated and uncoated miniscrews. The patients were monitored monthly, for a duration of 4 months. The main measure of interest was the success rate of miniscrews, which was assessed throughout follow-up periods of up to 4 months. The secondary objective was the assessment of the mobility of the miniscrews, peri‑implant health, and pain perception. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were applied to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Main outcome</em>: After the 4-month follow-up, the success rates of the miniscrews for coated and uncoated samples were 81.3% and 84.4%, respectively, which was a statistically insignificant difference. <em>Secondary outcome:</em> Mobility and peri‑implant health were not statistically different between the coated and uncoated miniscrew groups. Pain intensity was rated higher on the first day, then decreased gradually, diminishing completely on the sixth and seventh day. However, the pain perception between the coated and uncoated miniscrews did not differ statistically.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Chlorhexidine-hexametaphosphate nanoparticles did not increase the success rate and stability, nor did they enhance peri‑implant health or affect pain perception during the short observation period.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT06124235.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lip and incisor changes in patients with different ethnicities treated with extraction versus nonextraction: A cone-beam computed tomography study","authors":"Rahma ElNaghy ,&nbsp;Stephanie Grossman ,&nbsp;Majd Hasanin ,&nbsp;Riyad Al-Qawasmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) via voxel-based superimposition to evaluate lip and incisor changes after orthodontic treatment with four premolar extractions (Ext) versus nonextraction (Non-Ext) among African American (AA) and White (W) patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 240 CBCTs of 120 adolescent orthodontic patients with Class I skeletal/dental relationships were included. Patients were initially divided according to treatment, and then each group was subdivided according to patients’ ethnicity (Ext/W = 30, Ext/AA = 30, Non-Ext/W = 30, and Non-Ext/AA = 30). CBCTs were imported into Invivo6 for voxel-based superimposition. Lip and incisor measurements were recorded. Independent <em>t</em> tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Non-Ext/W group had a greater increase in all outcome variables compared with the Non-Ext/AA group, with a significant change in volume and position of upper (UL) and lower lips (LL), inclination of upper (U1) and lower incisors (L1), and position of U1. The Ext/AA group had a greater decrease in all measured outcomes compared with the Ext/W group, with significant change in inclination of U1 and L1, and position and volume of LL. W patients had more crowding than AA patients in both treatment approaches. Retraction ratios of 6.5:1 and 2.1:1 were recorded between the U1 and UL positions, and L1 and LL positions, respectively. There were no direct interaction effects between ethnicity and treatment, nor were there any significant effects of ethnicity after controlling for the covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ethnicity alone has no impact on incisor and lip position after treatment. However, ethnicity in the form of initial presentation of malocclusion can have a significant influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 2","pages":"Pages 76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}