Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"Performance in answering orthodontic patients' frequently asked questions: Conversational artificial intelligence versus orthodontists.","authors":"Xinlianyi Zhou, Yao Chen, Ehab A Abdulghani, Xu Zhang, Wei Zheng, Yu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Can conversational artificial intelligence (AI) help alleviate orthodontic patients' general doubts? This study aimed to investigate the performance of conversational AI in answering frequently asked questions (FAQs) from orthodontic patients, with comparison to orthodontists.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty FAQs were selected covering the pre-, during-, and postorthodontic treatment stages. Each question was respectively answered by AI (Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer [ChatGPT]-4) and two orthodontists (Ortho. A and Ortho. B), randomly drawn out of a panel. Their responses to the 30 FAQs were ranked by four raters, randomly selected from another panel of orthodontists, resulting in 120 rankings. All the participants were Chinese, and all the questions and answers were conducted in Chinese.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 120 rankings, ChatGPT was ranked first in 61 instances (50.8%), second in 35 instances (29.2%), and third in 24 instances (20.0%). Furthermore, the mean rank of ChatGPT was 1.69 ± 0.79, significantly better than that of Ortho. A (2.23 ± 0.79, P < 0.001) and Ortho. B (2.08 ± 0.79, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the two orthodontist groups. Additionally, the Spearman correlation coefficient between the average ranking of ChatGPT and the inter-rater agreement was 0.69 (P < 0.001), indicating a strong positive correlation between the two variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the conversational AI ChatGPT-4 may outperform orthodontists in addressing orthodontic patients' FAQs, even in a non-English language. In addition, ChatGPT tends to perform better when responding to questions with answers widely accepted among orthodontic professionals, and vice versa.</p>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) versus conventional NiTi archwires: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Erfan Bardideh ,&nbsp;Mahsa Ghorbani ,&nbsp;Hooman Shafaee ,&nbsp;Keyvan Sohrabi ,&nbsp;Helia Samini","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the effectiveness of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) wires compared to NiTi wires during orthodontic alignment, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Search Methods</h3><div>We comprehensively searched databases up to January 2024, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL, without language or date restrictions.</div></div><div><h3>Selection Criteria</h3><div>Clinical studies aligning with the PICO question were included, and their bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.</div></div><div><h3>Data Collection and Analysis</h3><div>Data were collected using custom forms, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse variance. Primary outcome was Little's Irregularity Index (LII) changes. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and root resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen clinical studies were reviewed, with nine included in the meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed in LII changes during the first four months, with similar findings in the first, second and third months. In the fourth month, NiTi wires exhibited higher reductions. Pain intensity did not differ between groups on the first or the seventh day. No significant difference in root resorption was found between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HANT and conventional NiTi wires showed comparable effectiveness in reducing LII, pain levels, and root resorption during the orthodontic alignment phase. While HANT wires may entail higher costs, their ease of insertion and ligation offer practical advantages. Ultimately, choosing between wire types should consider individual patient needs and clinician preferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal and dental open bite treatment using clear aligners and orthodontic miniscrew-anchored fixed appliances in permanent dentition: A systematic review","authors":"Eugene Nshimiyimana ,&nbsp;Pascal Ubuzima ,&nbsp;Christelle Mukeshimana ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Michelogiannakis ,&nbsp;Dieudonne Mbyayingabo ,&nbsp;Eric Mugabo ,&nbsp;Dan Gakunzi ,&nbsp;Evariste Ndanga ,&nbsp;Patrick Mazimpaka ,&nbsp;Janvier Habumugisha","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective was to systematically review studies assessing the efficacy of clear aligner therapy (CAT) and miniscrew-anchored fixed appliances (MAFAs) in the correction of skeletal and dental open bite in the permanent dentition.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted across different databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar, up to April 2024. Studies were chosen based on prespecified inclusion criteria. The dentoskeletal changes based on lateral cephalometry were evaluated from the included papers. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias (RoB) assessment were performed in duplicate. Risk of bias assessment was done using ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions) and Cochrane RoB 2 tools. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) assessed certainty of evidence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 22 studies that were selected, 13 papers covered MAFAs, while 9 articles focused on CATs. Since the included papers consist of prospective and retrospective observational studies, as well as two randomized controlled trials, the scientific evidence is at a low level. CATs primarily induced posterior teeth intrusion and anterior teeth extrusion, contributing to the reduction of the posterior vertical dimension and improved occlusal contacts. Conversely, MAFAs facilitated significant molars intrusion, and controlled anterior teeth extrusion, effectively addressing both dental and skeletal discrepancies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review supports the use of MAFAs and CATs for treating skeletal and dental open bite, highlighting their effectiveness and implications for orthodontic practice. The limitations of this study should be considered when interpreting the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 46-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of alveolar bone remodeling and root length changes in fixed appliances versus clear aligners: A retrospective cohort study on skeletal Class III malocclusion treatment","authors":"Xiaoya He,&nbsp;Xiaojing Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhou,&nbsp;Yunhui Xia,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Lixia Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The retrospective study examined changes in the root length and alveolar bone surrounding maxillary incisors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion treated by surgical orthodontic treatment with either fixed appliances (FAs) or clear aligners (CAs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 60 subjects were divided based on appliance type used. Cone beam computed tomography scans were taken at three stages: before treatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment, and post-treatment for both groups. Vertical alveolar bone level and horizontal alveolar bone thickness (ABT) were measured at four heights (3, 6, and 9 mm from the cementoenamel junction, and the root apex), along with root length, at these time points.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed a decrease in root length, with the CA group experiencing a significantly smaller reduction (0.4 ± 0.79 mm) compared with the FA group (0.64 ± 0.8 mm; <em>P</em> = 0.02). The FA group demonstrated more significant reduction in palatal ABT (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and greater root resorption, whereas the CA group exhibited considerable labial marginal bone resorption (<em>P</em> = 0.007) and a notable decrease in labiolingual inclination (<em>P</em> = 0.042).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings suggest that FA and CA might lead to decreased ABT and significant root resorption, with FA therapy likely resulting in more pronounced effects. Both modalities led to notable vertical bone loss, particularly, on the labial side of the maxillary incisors in the CA group during postsurgical orthodontic treatment. Preventing iatrogenic deterioration of periodontal support surrounding the incisors is crucial during presurgical and postsurgical phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Artificial intelligence (AI) to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – the road ahead","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of ChatGPT and Google Gemini in responding to orthognathic surgery-related questions: A comparative study","authors":"Ahmed A. Abdel Aziz ,&nbsp;Hams H. Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Mohamed G. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study employed a quantitative approach to compare the reliability of responses provided by ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini in response to orthognathic surgery-related questions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>The authors adapted a set of 64 questions encompassing all of the domains and aspects related to orthognathic surgery. One author submitted the questions to ChatGPT3.5, ChatGPT4, and Google Gemini. The AI-generated responses from the three platforms were recorded and evaluated by 2 blinded and independent experts. The reliability of AI-generated responses was evaluated using a tool for accuracy of information and completeness. In addition, the provision of definitive answers to close-ended questions, references, graphical elements, and advice to schedule consultations with a specialist were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although ChatGPT-3.5 achieved the highest information reliability score, the 3 LLMs showed similar reliability scores in providing responses to orthognathic surgery-related inquiries. Moreover, Google Gemini significantly included physician recommendations and provided graphical elements. Both ChatGPT-3.5 and -4 lacked these features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini can provide reliable responses to inquires about orthognathic surgery. However, Google Gemini stood out by incorporating additional references and illustrations within its responses. These findings highlight the need for an additional evaluation of AI capabilities across different healthcare domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment of alveolar bone changes and root resorption in extraction patients after fixed orthodontic treatment: A prospective study","authors":"Himani Gupta ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Chugh ,&nbsp;Rinkle Sardana ,&nbsp;Navleen Kaur Bhatia ,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar ,&nbsp;Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the alveolar crestal bone height, alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption in mandibular incisors after fixed orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 35 patients (mean age 17.02 ± 3.24 years) with moderate to severe mandibular anterior crowding requiring first premolar extraction were included. Cone beam computed tomography scans of the mandibular anterior region were obtained from the patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The alveolar crestal bone height, cortical bone thickness (CBT) (at apex and midroot level), labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption were assessed for all mandibular incisors. Paired Student's <em>t</em> test was used to compare pretreatment and post-treatment alveolar bone changes and root resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant decrease in lingual crestal bone height was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Lingual CBT decreased at the midroot level significantly for all mandibular incisors after completion of orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). A significant decrease in total lingual bone thickness was observed in all mandibular incisors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Root lengths of mandibular incisors decreased significantly in the sagittal and coronal sections after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fixed orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction results in a significant reduction of alveolar crestal bone height, CBT (at midroot level), and alveolar bone thickness on the lingual aspect of mandibular incisors. Significant orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and perception of orthodontic students, and orthodontists regarding role of artificial intelligence in field of orthodontics—An online cross-sectional survey","authors":"Seema Gupta,&nbsp;Santosh Verma,&nbsp;Arun K. Chauhan,&nbsp;Mainak Saha Roy,&nbsp;Wangonsana Rajkumari,&nbsp;Chirag Sahgal","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology in orthodontics. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of orthodontists and postgraduate students regarding the plausible employment of AI within the realm of orthodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey was conducted with 440 participants (264 postgraduates and 176 faculty members). The questionnaire was divided into four domains: Part A, focused on sociodemographic characteristics, Part B (eight questions) identifying the basic knowledge of the participants about the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, Part C (six questions) assessing the participants’ perceptions of the use of AI, and Part D (five questions) assessing the attitudes of participants towards AI. The KAP scores of the participants regarding the use of AI in the field of orthodontics were assessed using a three-point Likert scale for 17 questions and two multiple-choice questions. Responses were analyzed using the chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 266 participants completed the survey, and the majority agreed with the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, particularly for 3-dimensional diagnosis of orthognathic surgeries, cephalometric analysis, and prediction of treatment outcomes. Most participants felt that AI training should be incorporated into the postgraduate curriculum (73%), and were willing to incorporate it into clinical practice (74%). Barriers to the use of AI were high costs, lack of technical knowledge, and lack of awareness. The participants’ KAP scores showed a weak negative correlation with age, years of experience, and designation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study concluded that most of the participants were optimistic about the future of AI in orthodontics. Although most orthodontists and postgraduate students had knowledge of AI, there were many barriers to its use in the field of orthodontics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periosteum response to static forces stimulates cortical drifting: A new orthopedic target","authors":"Mani Alikhani ,&nbsp;Mona Alikhani ,&nbsp;Chinapa Sangsuwon ,&nbsp;Serafim P. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fanar Abdullah ,&nbsp;Cristina C. Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanism of cortical bone adaptation to static forces is not well understood. This is an important process because static forces are applied to the cortical bone in response to the growth of soft tissues and during Orthodontic and Orthopedic corrections. The aim of this study was to investigate the cortical bone response to expanding forces applied to the maxilla.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Overall, 375 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) static force group, 2) static force plus stimulation group, and 3) sham group. In addition to static force across the maxilla, some animals were exposed to anti-inflammatory medication. Samples were collected at different time points and evaluated by micro-computed tomography, fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and gene and protein analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The application of expansion forces to the maxilla increased inflammation in the periosteum and activated osteoclasts on the surface of the cortical plate. This activation was independent of the magnitude of tooth movement but followed the pattern of skeletal displacement. Bone formation on the surface of the cortical plate occurred at a later stage and resulted in the relocation of the cortical boundary of the maxilla and cortical drifting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that cortical bone adaptation to static forces originates from the periosteum, and it is an inflammatory-based phenomenon that can be manipulated by the clinician. Our findings support a new theory for cortical adaptation to static forces and an innovative clinical approach to promote cortical drifting through periosteal stimulation. Being able to control cortical drift can have a significant impact on clinical orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedics by allowing corrections of severe deformities without the need for maxillofacial surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orofacial dysfunction in cleft lip and palate patients using the nordic orofacial test-screening","authors":"Neda Eslami ,&nbsp;Erfan Bardideh ,&nbsp;Pourya Tatari ,&nbsp;Lohrasb Dehghani","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) protocol serves as a widely recognized tool for assessing orofacial dysfunction comprehensively. This study aimed to compare orofacial dysfunction between unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate patients using the NOT-S.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 104 patients, comprising 72 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 32 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) referred to the cleft lip and palate clinic of Mashhad Dental School. Orofacial dysfunction was assessed using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which includes a structured interview and clinical examinations encompassing 6 domains each. Statistical analysis utilized Mann–Whitney, Fisher's exact, and Chi-square tests, with significance set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found in structured interview (<em>P</em> = 0.45), clinical examination (<em>P</em> = 0.45), or total NOT-S score (<em>P</em> = 0.11) between the two types of cleft lip and palate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on NOT-S assessment, patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate exhibited comparable orofacial dysfunctions. In the structured interview, the most prevalent issues were identified in the domain of chewing and swallowing for both cleft types. In clinical examination, unilateral cleft lip and palate patients commonly experienced facial problems at rest, while bilateral cleft lip and palate patients frequently encountered challenges with speaking. However, these differences were not statistically significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}