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Aristotle’s Philosophy of Histories 亚里士多德的历史哲学
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340380
Andrew Hull
{"title":"Aristotle’s Philosophy of Histories","authors":"Andrew Hull","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340380","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Aristotle is often considered to have a very pessimistic view about what histories can tell us, considering them too particular and lacking the generality required for scientific knowledge. Most importantly, they are considered to lack causal explanations. I argue against this view and instead that Aristotle considers histories to provide a highly practical level of knowledge. Histories can provide instances of both accidental and hypothetically necessary causation. I draw on the Athenian Constitution and the Constitution of the Spartans to show that the historiai which were written under Aristotle’s direction display these causal explanations. While these explanations are still not at the level of generality characteristic of the most rigorous forms of epistemē, the causal pictures presented are still rich enough to provide valuable insights for both the politician and the political scientist.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86251677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Political, All Too Political. Again on Protagoras’ Myth in Its Intellectual Context 政治的，太政治了。再论普罗泰哥拉的《神话》的知识语境
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340376
M. Bonazzi
{"title":"Political, All Too Political. Again on Protagoras’ Myth in Its Intellectual Context","authors":"M. Bonazzi","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340376","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper argues for an analytic interpretation of Protagoras’ myth in Plato’s dialogue by showing that its goal is not so much to reconstruct the origins of civilization as to identify some essential features of humankind. Against the widespread opinion that human progress depends on the development of technai, Protagoras claims that political art is the most important one, insofar as it is the condition for the existence of society. More concretely, the emphasis on the political art also serves to bring light to what is distinctive of Protagoras as opposed to the other sophists and poets. As clearly shown in the dialogue, Protagoras can thus present himself as the only teacher who is capable of imparting the teachings suited to the needs of the new world of the polis.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80516871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kratos and Other Forms of Power in the Two Constitutions of the Athenians 雅典两部宪法中的奎托斯和其他形式的权力
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340378
Daniela Cammack
{"title":"Kratos and Other Forms of Power in the Two Constitutions of the Athenians","authors":"Daniela Cammack","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340378","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 What did kratos imply in the classical democratic context? Focusing on the two Constitutions of the Athenians traditionally attributed to Xenophon and Aristotle respectively, this article explores differences among kratos and three proximate terms: archē (de facto governance or magistracy), kuros (authority, perceived as legitimate), and dēmagōgia (leadership). With Benveniste and Loraux, it argues that kratos specifically signalled ‘superiority’ or ‘predominance’, as revealed in combat or other form of contest. Dēmokratia thereby connoted the forceful predominance of the dēmos (‘assembly’, ‘collective common people’) over the rest of the community, including office-holders (archontes, archai) and political leaders (dēmagōgoi). The association of kratos with force directs attention to the martial underpinnings of classical demotic authority, incidentally highlighting a weakness in modern democracy: the dēmos’ lack of kratos over the political elite when that elite controls military and police power.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89106765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sortition & Democracy: History, Tools, Theories, edited by Liliane Lopez-Rabatel and Yves Sintomer 《解决与民主:历史、工具、理论》，由Liliane Lopez-Rabatel和Yves Sintomer编辑
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340382
James Kierstead
{"title":"Sortition & Democracy: History, Tools, Theories, edited by Liliane Lopez-Rabatel and Yves Sintomer","authors":"James Kierstead","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340382","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87570066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aristotle’s Political Theory as a Craft and Science in Politics 4–6 亚里斯多德的政治理论作为一门手艺和政治科学4-6
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340381
Kazutaka Inamura
{"title":"Aristotle’s Political Theory as a Craft and Science in Politics 4–6","authors":"Kazutaka Inamura","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340381","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article maintains that Aristotle develops his political theory as a craft and science in Politics 4–6. The literature, however, has argued that he views political knowledge as a form of practical wisdom or prudence. This article discusses the way that Aristotle proposes political theory as a skill to help deal with unfavorable circumstances. In Greek political thought, craft and science are characterized as skills of cooperating with nature, taking up opportunities, and coping with uncertainty. Aristotle uses this conception when he develops his political theory in Politics 4–6. He understands that political theorists should advise prudent legislators on practical reforms of constitutions and help them address non-ideal situations. Serious efforts to gain causal knowledge are indispensable for statesmanship. This view of statesmanship better illustrates political theory as part of human efforts and cooperation to resolve uncertainty rather than the one that sharply distinguishes among theoretical, practical, and productive sciences.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91019742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Flower of Suffering. Theology, Justice, and the Cosmos in Aeschylus’ Oresteia and Presocratic Thought, written by Nuria Scapin 苦难之花。埃斯库罗斯的《俄瑞斯忒亚与前苏格拉底思想》中的神学、正义和宇宙，努里亚·斯卡平著
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340383
K. S. Kingsley
{"title":"The Flower of Suffering. Theology, Justice, and the Cosmos in Aeschylus’ Oresteia and Presocratic Thought, written by Nuria Scapin","authors":"K. S. Kingsley","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87446861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Plato and Aristophanes: Comedy, Politics, and the Pursuit of a Just Life, written by Marina Marren 《柏拉图和阿里斯托芬:喜剧、政治和对公正生活的追求》，作者:玛丽娜·马伦
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340384
J. Schlosser
{"title":"Plato and Aristophanes: Comedy, Politics, and the Pursuit of a Just Life, written by Marina Marren","authors":"J. Schlosser","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82038482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Martha Nussbaum and Aristotle on Distributive Justice and Equality 玛莎·努斯鲍姆与亚里士多德论分配正义与平等
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340379
M. Knoll
{"title":"Martha Nussbaum and Aristotle on Distributive Justice and Equality","authors":"M. Knoll","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340379","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article gives a detailed analysis of Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’ and her claim that it is a genuinely Aristotelian contemporary po-litical philosophy. The paper examines how Nussbaum bases her ‘capabilities approach’ on human nature and questions her assertion that both Aristotle’s account of human nature and her own approach are not metaphysical. In order to analyze the normative dimension of Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’, this article focuses on Aristotle’s doctrine of distributive justice and equality. It shows how Nussbaum adopts and modifies this doctrine in an egalitarian way and demonstrates that her reading and appropriation of it is problematic. With reference to contemporary literature on Aristotle’s Politics, the article criticizes how Nussbaum assimilates Aristotle’s political philosophy into modern values and notions, laying out six primary reasons supporting the thesis that Nussbaum’s ‘capabilities approach’ cannot be regarded as an Aristotelian one.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77902739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plato’s Market Optimism 柏拉图的市场乐观主义
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340377
Brennan McDavid
{"title":"Plato’s Market Optimism","authors":"Brennan McDavid","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340377","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite the extensiveness of top-down control in his ideal city, Plato takes seriously the idea that the market does not require total regulation via legislation and that participants in the market may be capable of self-regulation. This paper examines the discussion of market regulation in the Republic and argues that the philosopher rulers play a very limited role in regulating market activities. Indeed, they are concerned only with averting excesses of wealth and poverty. The rules and regulations that are foundational to the daily functioning of the market – enforcement of contracts, resolution of disputes, etc. – are endogenous to the market participants themselves. In allowing for this self-regulation, Plato expresses tempered optimism about the market and a profound confidence in his ideal city’s educational program.","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77276806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aristotle on the Concept of Shared Life, written by Sara Brill 《亚里士多德论共同生活的概念》莎拉·布里尔著
IF 0.1 3区 历史学
POLIS Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1163/20512996-12340375
William B. Cochran
{"title":"Aristotle on the Concept of Shared Life, written by Sara Brill","authors":"William B. Cochran","doi":"10.1163/20512996-12340375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43237,"journal":{"name":"POLIS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74844561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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