Solid State Ionics最新文献

{"title":"When ions are in charge: Generalized ionic impedance spectroscopy for characterizing energy materials and devices","authors":"Paul Nizet ,&nbsp;Francesco Chiabrera ,&nbsp;Alex Morata ,&nbsp;Albert Tarancón","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is the conventional technique for studying the electrical response of individual materials or complete energy devices such as batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. However, EIS has several limitations, including its spatial resolution, the description of ion insertion phenomena (especially when multiple ion species are involved), and the presence of porous electrodes. In this paper, Generalized Ionic Impedance Spectroscopy (GIIS) is proposed to address these issues by complementing traditional EIS to analyze ionic concentration changes under an AC voltage stimulus. A broad range of characterization techniques can be employed to analyze such ionic concentration variations, as these significantly modify the functional properties of the material, such as optical, magnetic, and electrical behavior. Some of these techniques also offer high spatial resolution, enabling lateral and depth profiling analysis. This study provides a theoretical framework for the development of GIIS in the field of energy, analyzing battery-like and fuel cell-like devices while resolving the major limitations of EIS mentioned above. The proven versatility of GIIS opens new pathways for the detailed characterization of energy materials and devices, advancing the understanding of low-frequency fundamental electrochemical processes and broadening the scope of their applications. While many of the discussed cases are experimentally validated, others are presented as perspectives of GIIS applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Oxide-ion Conductivity in Cubic Perovskite Na- and Ga-doped BaZrO3","authors":"Akanksha Yadav ,&nbsp;Yeting Wen ,&nbsp;Xi Yang ,&nbsp;Dunji Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Kevin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid oxide ion electrolytes (SOEs) play a crucial role in determining the operating temperature, cost, and lifetime of solid oxide electrochemical devices. The most competitive SOEs are typically found in cubic-structured fluorides (e.g., ZrO₂-based and CeO₂-based) and perovskites (e.g., LaGaO₃-based and Ba(<em>Zr</em>,<em>Ce</em>)O₃-based). However, the discovery of new high-conductivity SOE systems has been very limited in the history of solid state ionics. Here, we explore a new cubic-structured perovskite, Ba_1-xNa_xZr_1-xGa_xO_3-x (BNZG), as a potential oxide-ion conductor. Compared to La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.8 (LSGM), a state-of-the-art perovskite electrolyte, BNZG exhibits a comparable bulk ionic conductivity (∼0.01 S/cm at 600°C) while reducing Ga content by 40 %. Additionally, compared to BaZr_0.8Y_0.2O_2.9 (BZY), another widely studied perovskite electrolyte, BNZG shows excellent sinterability at lower temperatures. Ab Initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations suggest that BNZG is an oxide-ion conductor, particularly at higher temperatures, which is also confirmed by high oxide-ion transport number (&gt;0.99) and conductivity independent of oxygen and water vapor partial pressures. Furthermore, BNZG is stable in CO₂/air and compatible with active perovskite cathodes such as La_1-xSr_xCoO_3-δ without the use of barrier layer. We also show that the high grain-boundary resistance originated from Ga segregation could be one critical issue for BNZG application in intermediate temperature solid oxide cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase field simulation of effect of ceramic composite separator on the growth of lithium dendrites","authors":"Chuanxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyang Hu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhixin Liu ,&nbsp;Xingxu Gao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites has a huge impact on the practical application of lithium metal batteries. The separator is an integral element of the battery and fulfils two functions: firstly, it ensures the normal operation of the battery, and secondly, it is effective in inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. The present paper proposes the establishment of a two-dimensional phase field model, with the objective of investigating the effects of the ceramic composite diaphragm phase and the PE separator diaphragm phase on lithium dendrite growth. This investigation is conducted under conditions of stress and temperature fields. It has been shown that the elastic modulus of ceramic particles is greater than that of lithium metal. Therefore, the ceramic separator can effectively prevent the growth of lithium dendrites under stress-coupled conditions. In addition, at higher temperatures, it is beneficial to the transport of lithium ions and increases the deposition of lithium dendrites in the tip and non-tip regions, thereby reducing the length of lithium dendrites at high temperatures. This study reveals the important influence of the ceramic separator on inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites under the conditions of stress field and temperature field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophoretically deposited polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte comprising polymerized ionic liquid","authors":"Moran Lifshitz ,&nbsp;Anna Greenbaum ,&nbsp;Inbar Anconina ,&nbsp;Thomas Leirikh ,&nbsp;Mounesha Garaga Nagendrachar ,&nbsp;Ivan Popov ,&nbsp;Harmandeep Singh ,&nbsp;Gaukhar Toleutay ,&nbsp;Yuri Feldman ,&nbsp;Alexei P. Sokolov ,&nbsp;Steve Greenbaum ,&nbsp;Diana Golodnitsky","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite solid electrolytes, in which superionic ceramics materials are combined with ion-conducting polymers, could revolutionize electrochemical-energy-storage devices enabling higher energy density, providing greater stability during operation and enhanced safety. However, the interfacial resistance between the ceramic and polymer phases strongly suppresses the ionic conductivity and presents the main obstacle for the practical uses.</div><div>In the current article, an attempt has been made to improve composite conductivity by significantly increasing ceramic concentration in combination with the polymerized ionic liquid (PolyIL). The film was prepared by the electrophoretic deposition method. We believe this is the first demonstration of a PolyIL as a multifunctional additive in EPD, enabling both field-driven deposition and an integrated electrolyte architecture that ensures mechanical cohesion and continuous ion transport pathways. We deposited thirty-micron-thick composite film, which contains more than 90 wt% of LAGP. It has porous structure, in which single ceramic particles and their aggregates are coated by PolyIL. Broad Band Dielectric Spectroscopy method is used for the understanding of ion transport in composite polymer-in-ceramic electrolyte. We observed no improvement in conductivity and assign this to the dominating effect of interfacial energy barriers limiting Li transport in composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the reaction process and properties of γ-Ce2S3 derived from pure and Na-doped CeO2 sulfurization with CS2","authors":"Fusheng Song ,&nbsp;Hongbing Wei ,&nbsp;Zongyang Shen ,&nbsp;Zhumei Wang ,&nbsp;Yueming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulfurization pathways of pure and Na-doped CeO₂ with CS₂ were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which Na⁺ doping lowers <em>γ</em>-Ce₂S₃ synthesis temperature. For undoped CeO₂, the synthesis of <em>γ</em>-Ce₂S₃ typically encompasses three primary steps: (1) deoxidation, where oxygen in CeO₂ is substituted by sulfur to form CeS₂; (2) reduction of CeS₂ to <em>α</em>-Ce₂S₃; (3) a phase transition sequence from <em>α</em>-Ce₂S₃ to <em>β</em>-Ce₂S₃, and subsequently to <em>γ</em>-Ce₂S₃. This process requires a high synthesis temperature of up to 1300 °C. Remarkably, Na⁺ introduction fundamentally altered this pathway, bypassing <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> intermediates to directly yield pure <em>γ</em>-Ce₂S₃ at 900 °C. This is attributed to Na⁺-promoted formation of NaCeS₂ and Ce₂O₂S intermediates that facilitate direct <em>γ</em>-phase crystallization. The resultant <em>γ</em>-[Na]-Ce₂S₃ solid solution exhibits modified band structure and enhanced thermal stability compared to undoped <em>γ</em>-Ce₂S₃.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Li3BO3 decoration endows fast reaction kinetics of LiFePO4 cathode for lithium ion batteries","authors":"Kaihua Li,&nbsp;Jiajin Li,&nbsp;Haoyu Qi,&nbsp;Jinze Song,&nbsp;Diaohan Wang,&nbsp;Lijun Fu,&nbsp;Yuping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Olivine-type lithium iron phosphate is widely used as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its moderate operating voltage, excellent stability, and high safety. However, the high rate capability of LiFePO₄ is limited by its low electrical conductivity. Additionally, its interface and internal structure would degrade under high-rate conditions. To address these issues, Li₃BO₃ was prepared via sol-gel method as the surface decoration to enhance the rate performance of LiFePO₄. The Li₃BO₃ decorated LiFePO₄ (B-LiFePO₄) maintains the structural integrity during cycling under large current densities, furthermore, it induces the formation of favorable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) with less Li₂CO₃ and more Li₂O contents, and reduces the activation energy of Li⁺ diffusion in the CEI layer and charge transfer, thus the high capacity and long cycle performances of LiFePO₄ are achieved when cycled at high current densities. At ambient environment and 30C, B-LiFePO₄ delivers a high reversible capacity of 63.1 mAh g⁻¹, and a capacity retention of 90 % can be realized over 600 cycles at 1C. In contrast, the original LiFePO₄ delivers only 27.8 mAh g⁻¹ at 30C and a capacity retention of 67.2 % after 600 cycles at 1C. Besides, B-LiFePO₄ demonstrates good low temperature performance, it exhibits high capacities of 122.1 and 80.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 1C, 0 °C and − 20 °C, respectively. This study provides a simple method to enhance the reaction kinetics of LiFePO₄ cathode, which would benefit the development of LiFePO₄ based lithium ion batteries with high rate performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144671017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene oxide-enhanced alginate-PVA biopolymer electrolytes with improved proton conductivity and electrochemical stability for supercapacitor applications","authors":"N.N.A. Hafidz ,&nbsp;N.M. Ghazali ,&nbsp;N.F. Mazuki ,&nbsp;M. Diantoro ,&nbsp;Y. Nagao ,&nbsp;A.S. Samsudin","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the effect of graphene oxide (GO) incorporation on the structural and electrochemical properties of alginate–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer electrolytes doped with ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) for supercapacitor applications. FTIR analysis revealed specific molecular interactions between graphene oxide (GO) and the polymer host, while XRD results confirmed the enhanced amorphous nature of the composite. At 2 wt.% GO loading, the system exhibited peak ionic conductivity of 1.07 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature, with a high ionic transference number (tₙ ≈ 0.98) and an extended electrochemical stability window of 2.85 V. Symmetric supercapacitors fabricated with these electrolytes achieved a specific capacitance of 240.78 F g⁻¹, an energy density of 131 Wh kg⁻¹, and long-term cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles. These results demonstrate that GO-induced structural modulation significantly enhances proton transport and electrochemical performance, offering a promising biopolymer-based platform for next-generation energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast-charging Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Wensun Zhu ,&nbsp;Shoumeng Yang ,&nbsp;Congcong Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Yao ,&nbsp;Xianhong Rui ,&nbsp;Yan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing fast-charging secondary batteries is a key strategy to enhance the utilization of renewable energy sources and achieve global carbon neutrality. Based on the intrinsic properties of sodium and its resource advantages, sodium-ion batteries hold promising prospects in this field. As a crucial component of batteries, efficient cathode materials are vital for the realization of fast-charging technology. Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇, as a high-performance polyanionic cathode material, shows great potential for fast-charging and warrants further research. However, its practical application is still hindered by intrinsically low electronic conductivity, sluggish Na⁺ diffusion kinetics, and the formation of undesired impurity phases during synthesis. The current research status and modification strategies for fast-charging Na₄Fe₃(PO₄)₂P₂O₇ cathodes mainly focus on three aspects: surface and morphology modification, active component modulation, and inhibition of impurity generation. This review provides a summary of these approaches, aiming to offer insights into the rational design and further development of NFPP as a fast-charging cathode for sodium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen and lithium tracer diffusivities as a function of hydrogen concentration in Li(Nb,Ta)O3 single crystals","authors":"Claudia Kofahl ,&nbsp;Lars Dörrer ,&nbsp;Steffen Ganschow ,&nbsp;Hendrik Wulfmeier ,&nbsp;Holger Fritze ,&nbsp;Harald Schmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For LiNb_1-xTa_xO₃ single crystals, the ion diffusivities of the species Li and H (as an impurity) have strong influence on the overall conductivity at temperatures below 600 °C. We investigated the diffusion of H and Li in LiNbO₃, LiTaO₃, and LiNb_0.15Ta_0.85O₃ single crystals as a function of H concentration over two order of magnitude at 510 °C. The hydrogen diffusion experiments were realized by isotope exchange of deuterium (D) and hydrogen (H) in a gaseous D₂O atmosphere and infra-red spectroscopy. The lithium diffusion experiments were done by ⁶Li/⁷Li tracer exchange and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. The diffusivities of both types of species decrease only slightly with increasing hydrogen concentration between 5 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ and 3 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ by a maximum factor of two to three for each type of diffusor. We suggest that the increased incorporation of hydrogen up to a concentration of about 3 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ into the lattice modifies only very slightly the migration of both species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of high-performance lithium-ion batteries with dual-layer separators composed of electron beam irradiated PVDF-HFP/PMMA/AlO(OH) and PVDF-CTFE/PEO/LiTFSI/AlO(OH) in fast charging and discharging","authors":"Yu Pan ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Cai ,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Zhan ,&nbsp;linlin Wang ,&nbsp;Shaojin Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of battery technologies, the demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has surged, particularly in fast-charging applications. This has driven the exploration of advanced materials to overcome the limitations of commercial separators. In this study, we present a pioneering approach: a dual-layer composite separator comprising Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-hexafluoropropylene)/ Poly(methyl methacrylate)/ Aluminum oxyhydroxide and Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<em>co</em>-chlorotrifluoroethylene)/ Poly(ethylene oxide)/ Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/ Aluminum oxyhydroxide (PVDF-HFP/PMMA/AlO(OH) and PVDF-CTFE/PEO/LiTFSI/AlO(OH)), modified via electron beam irradiation at varying doses to enhance separator performance, especially in mitigating rapid capacity degradation under fast-charging conditions. Electron beam irradiation induces cross-linking to enhance the material's mechanical strength, chemical stability and thermal stability without compromising its inherent polymer structure. Radiation triggers free radicals, allowing polymers to crosslink at room temperature and preventing membrane deformation. Due to the absence of initiators, the electrical and electrochemical properties of the system are not affected. This constitutes its primary advantage over alternative cross-linking approaches, which typically compromise structural integrity through chemical additives or thermal degradation. The most significant feature of this dual-layer separator is its ability to effectively address interfacial compatibility issues between the cathode and anode. Compared to commercial polypropylene (PP) separators, the dual-layer separator exhibits superior thermal stability, porosity (71 %), electrolyte wettability (421 % uptake), ionic conductivity (1.42 mS cm⁻¹) and electrochemical performance. The optimal formulation, containing 12 wt% boehmite nanoparticles and irradiated at 160 kGy, demonstrated exceptional cycling stability. At a current density of 10C, the battery retained 94.1 % of its initial discharge capacity (108.9 mAh g⁻¹) after 1000 cycles. Even under extreme fast-charging conditions (10C and 15C), the separator maintained &gt;90 % and &gt; 80 % capacity retention after 1000 and 1500 cycles, respectively. These results highlight the dual-layer separator's ability to sustain high energy density while addressing capacity fade, offering a viable pathway for commercializing fast-charging LIBs. The synergistic effects of boehmite-enhanced interfacial compatibility and radiation-induced crosslinking provide a robust framework for next-generation battery separators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116969"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}