Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116998
Han-Ill Yoo
{"title":"Transient-state methods to determine all the mass/charge transport properties of a material","authors":"Han-Ill Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All the mass/charge transport properties of a material with, e.g., single-type ions (i) and electrons (e) as mobile charged components may be documented exhaustively and succinctly in terms of a coupling coefficient matrix L of the Onsagerian causality as</div><div><span><math><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ii</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ie</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>iT</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ei</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ee</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>eT</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><mo>−</mo><mo>∇</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>−</mo><mo>∇</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mo>−</mo><mo>∇</mo><mi>T</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></span>,</div><div>where J<sub>k</sub> and η<sub>k</sub> stand for the flux and electrochemical potential, respectively, of the mobile charged-component k(=i,e), and T the absolute temperature. Due to the Onsager reciprocity and the L-matrix transformation rule,</div><div><span><math><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ie</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ei</mi></msub><mo>;</mo><mspace></mspace><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>iT</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>eT</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mo>=</mo><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ii</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ie</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ei</mi></msub></mtd><mtd><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>ee</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced><mfenced><mtable><mtr><mtd><msub><mover><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>i</mi></msub></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><msub><mover><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></span>,</div><div>where <span><math><msub><mover><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>k</mi></msub></math></span>is the transported entropy of k, the sum of its partial entropy, <span><math><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>k</mi></msub><mspace></mspace></math></span>and entropy-of-transport, <span><math><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>∗</mo></msubsup></math></span> or<span><span><span><math><msub><mover><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>≡</mo><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>̄</mo></mover><mi>k</mi></msub><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>∗</mo></msubsup><mo>;</mo><mspace></mspace><msubsup><mi>S</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>∗</mo></msubsup><mo>≡</mo><mfrac><msubsup><mi>q</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>∗</mo></msubsup><mi>T</mi></mfrac></math></span></span></span></div><div>with <span><math><msubsup><mi>q</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>∗</mo></msubsup></math></span> being the reduced heat-of-","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 116998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface issues for advanced all-solid-state batteries researched under Interface Ionics","authors":"Yasutoshi Iriyama, Takeshi Yajima, Norikazu Ishigaki","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All-solid-state batteries are expected as next generation rechargeable batteries. The SSBs apply solid electrolyte and then several factors such as electrical, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical factors around the interface influence on the charge-discharge performances of the SSBs. This paper briefly reviews interface issues for advanced all-solid-state batteries reearched under a project of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) named as Interface Ionics at 2019–2023. The topics is focused on interface issues arising at the interface bonding process and at the charging reactions. Also, some of the related other topics will be shortly introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"430 ","pages":"Article 117013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thin-film X-ray diffractometry for evaluating effect of BaCO3 coating on the electrolyte of protonic ceramic fuel cells","authors":"Katsuhiro Nomura, Hiroyuki Shimada, Yuki Yamaguchi, Masaya Fujioka, Hirofumi Sumi, Yasunobu Mizutani","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manufacturing of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) involves high-temperature sintering at ∼1500 °C to form a dense electrolyte film. This process results in Ba evaporation, which complicates the control of the electrolyte surface composition. To address this problem, we herein examined the effect of modifying the electrolyte (Ba<sub>0.97</sub>Zr<sub>0.8</sub>Yb<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3−<em>δ</em></sub>, BZYb20d) surface in anode-supported PCFCs by BaCO<sub>3</sub> slurry coating followed by firing at 1300 °C. X-ray diffractometry (<em>θ</em>–2<em>θ</em> measurements) indicated a decrease in the amount of Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precipitated on the surface of the thus treated BZYb20d, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed a decrease in the segregation of Yb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at the treated electrolyte surface. Thin-film X-ray diffractometry (<em>ω</em>–2<em>θ</em> measurement) revealed a change in the lattice constant of the BZYb20d electrolyte (thickness = 10 μm) in a BZYb20d/NiO-BZYb20d half-cell as a function of the X-ray penetration depth from the surface to the bulk (i.e., near the BZYb20d/NiO-BZYb20d interface) at 25–900 °C in air, dry N<sub>2</sub>, and wet N<sub>2</sub>. At 900 °C, the lattice constant of BZYb20d after the BaCO<sub>3</sub> treatment hardly changed upon going from the surface to the bulk, which suggested that the Ba content at the BZYb20d electrolyte surface was almost the same as that in the bulk. The thermal expansion coefficients and chemical expansion rates of the BZYb20d film electrolyte bulk were lower (∼0.66 and ∼ 0.33 times, respectively) than those of BaZr<sub>0.8</sub>Y<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2.9</sub> and BaZr<sub>0.8</sub>Yb<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3−<em>δ</em></sub> bulk. The BaCO<sub>3</sub> treatment increased the maximum power density of the corresponding PCFC from ∼0.5 to ∼0.6 W cm<sup>−2</sup>. The cathode fabricated using the modified BZYb20d electrolyte showed a lower polarization resistance (0.07 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>) than that based on the unmodified electrolyte (0.22 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>). The Ba deficiency of the BZYb20d electrolyte surface that developed during high-temperature sintering was alleviated by the BaCO<sub>3</sub> coating, and the interfacial resistance between the air electrode and electrolyte therefore decreased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 117030"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117027
Sara Adeeba Ismail , Lulu Jiang , Hui Guo , Wenhao Li , Donglin Han
{"title":"Hydration and conduction behavior of Sc and Zr-substituted Ba7Nb4MoO20","authors":"Sara Adeeba Ismail , Lulu Jiang , Hui Guo , Wenhao Li , Donglin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.117027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>4</sub>MoO<sub>20</sub> has acceptably high ionic conductivity at 600–800 °C and is attractive for potential application in high temperature solid state electrochemical devices. Up to now, most of the research focuses on isovalent and donor-doping to improve the electrical properties of Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>4</sub>MoO<sub>20</sub>. In this work, an acceptor-doping strategy was taken by doping Sc and Zr to partially substitute Nb. More vacant oxygen sites thereby form for charge compensation, leading to the increasing proton concentration following the compositional sequence of hydrated Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>4</sub>MoO<sub>20</sub> < Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>3.97</sub>Zr<sub>0.03</sub>MoO<sub>19.985</sub> < Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>3.97</sub>Sc<sub>0.03</sub>MoO<sub>19.97</sub>. Notably, both the H<sub>2</sub>O/D<sub>2</sub>O isotope effect and EMF measurements indicate that the proton conduction – if there is any – is negligibly small, and the Sc and Zr-doped Ba<sub>7</sub>Nb<sub>4</sub>MoO<sub>20</sub> is essentially an oxide ion conductor in the temperature range studied in this work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"431 ","pages":"Article 117027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116952
Raül Artal , Henrik Lyder Andersen , Rafael Del Olmo , Irune Villaluenga , Isabel Sobrados , Virginia Diez-Gómez , Javier Gainza , María Teresa Fernández-Diaz , José Antonio Alonso , Ricardo Jimenez , Ainara Aguadero
{"title":"Cation disorder and lithium conductivity in mechanochemically synthesized chloride solid electrolytes","authors":"Raül Artal , Henrik Lyder Andersen , Rafael Del Olmo , Irune Villaluenga , Isabel Sobrados , Virginia Diez-Gómez , Javier Gainza , María Teresa Fernández-Diaz , José Antonio Alonso , Ricardo Jimenez , Ainara Aguadero","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing fast, stable, and scalable Li conductors is crucial for advancing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). Here, we present a rapid, one-hour mechanochemical synthesis of chloride electrolytes Li<sub>2</sub>B<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> (B = Zn, Mg, Zr and x = 1 and 2/3) <em>via</em> high-energy ball milling (HEBM), achieving the targeted spinel phase without the need for any annealing steps. In Li<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals an unexpected, reversible low-temperature ionic transition at ∼75 °C, leading to a dramatic increase in total Li<sup>+</sup> conductivity, from 2.95·10<sup>−9</sup> S·cm<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C to an extrapolated room temperature conductivity of 3.24·10<sup>−5</sup> S·cm<sup>−1</sup> following heating to 125 °C. To elucidate the structural origins of this transition, we employ neutron powder diffraction (NPD), variable-temperature powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and <sup>6</sup>Li MAS NMR spectroscopy. We explore the stabilization of the high conducting phase <em>via</em> the introduction of host cation vacancies and therefore increasing the Li/B ratio based on the spinel-related compounds, Li<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Zr<sub>1/3</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Zr<sub>1/3</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>, synthesized <em>via</em> the same one-hour mechanochemical approach. Rietveld refinement of NPD data reveals a monoclinic lattice distortion and cation disorder in both compounds, which open new Li conduction pathways. In both materials, 2–4 orders of magnitude increase of conductivity is achieved by aliovalent Zr<sup>4+</sup>-substitution compared to the undoped counterparts Li<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>MgCl<sub>4</sub>, leading to maximum bulk conductivities up to 10<sup>−4</sup> S·cm<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature. Notably, the investigated chloride-based solid electrolytes consist of non-critical elements and exhibit high thermal stability up to at least 190 °C which can be key for easy scalable processing. These results highlight the potential of spinel-based chloride electrolytes as candidates for next-generation solid-state battery applications, combining rapid and scalable synthesis with promising ionic transport properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"428 ","pages":"Article 116952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116914
Xingjie Zhou , Haifeng Wang , Jiawei Wang , Hao Wang , Dehua Ma , Zhengqing Pei , Ju Lu , Kexin Zheng
{"title":"Study on the liquid-phase oxidation preparation of nickel-manganese composite oxides and their performance in high-voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 synthesis","authors":"Xingjie Zhou , Haifeng Wang , Jiawei Wang , Hao Wang , Dehua Ma , Zhengqing Pei , Ju Lu , Kexin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its high operating voltage, high safety, and low cost, spinel-type lithium nickel manganese oxide(LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) has become a research hotspot in the field of lithium-ion battery cathode materials in recent years. In this study, a new lithium nickel manganese oxide precursor, a nickel‑manganese composite oxide, was prepared using a liquid-phase oxidation method, and the cathode material was synthesized through high-temperature calcination. The effects of different raw material ratios on the preparation of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and their mechanisms were investigated. Considering that acetylene black tends to undergo thermal decomposition and electrochemical reactions in high voltage systems, leading to degradation and performance decline, Super C65 was used as a conductive agent instead of acetylene black to achieve better electrochemical performance. The experimental results indicate that when the Ni/Mn molar ratio is 1:2.5, the resulting nickel‑manganese composite oxide exhibits good crystallinity and a Fd-3 m space group structure with uniform particle dispersion and weak agglomeration. When mixed with LiOH and subjected to high-temperature calcination, with a Li/M molar ratio (M = Mn + Ni) of 0.51, the formation of the Li<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>1-x</sub>O impurity phase and the polarization of the material were significantly improved. The prepared LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> has uniform particle size, well-defined octahedral morphology, and pure phase characteristics. At a current density of 0.2C, the initial discharge specific capacity reaches 135 mAh/g and remains at 118 mAh/g after 200 cycles. After replacing acetylene black with Super C65, the initial discharge specific capacity of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> at 0.2C increased to 140 mAh/g, with a discharge specific capacity of 122 mAh/g after 200 cycles, and the electrochemical impedance decreased from 304 Ω to 266 Ω. This improvement is attributed to the smaller particle size of Super C65, which can embed between the spinel material particles to form a good conductive network, increase the lattice parameters of the disordered space cluster structure, provide more diffusion paths for ions, facilitate the rapid change of element valence states, and thereby demonstrate higher electronic conductivity. Although the cycling retention slightly decreased, the overall electrochemical performance was enhanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"428 ","pages":"Article 116914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116965
Fusheng Song , Hongbing Wei , Zongyang Shen , Zhumei Wang , Yueming Li
{"title":"Exploring the reaction process and properties of γ-Ce2S3 derived from pure and Na-doped CeO2 sulfurization with CS2","authors":"Fusheng Song , Hongbing Wei , Zongyang Shen , Zhumei Wang , Yueming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sulfurization pathways of pure and Na-doped CeO<sub>2</sub> with CS₂ were investigated to elucidate the mechanism by which Na<sup>+</sup> doping lowers <em>γ</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> synthesis temperature. For undoped CeO<sub>2</sub>, the synthesis of <em>γ</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> typically encompasses three primary steps: (1) deoxidation, where oxygen in CeO<sub>2</sub> is substituted by sulfur to form CeS<sub>2</sub>; (2) reduction of CeS<sub>2</sub> to <em>α</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>; (3) a phase transition sequence from <em>α</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> to <em>β</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, and subsequently to <em>γ</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>. This process requires a high synthesis temperature of up to 1300 °C. Remarkably, Na<sup>+</sup> introduction fundamentally altered this pathway, bypassing <em>α</em> and <em>β</em> intermediates to directly yield pure <em>γ</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> at 900 °C. This is attributed to Na<sup>+</sup>-promoted formation of NaCeS<sub>2</sub> and Ce<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S intermediates that facilitate direct <em>γ</em>-phase crystallization. The resultant <em>γ</em>-[Na]-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> solid solution exhibits modified band structure and enhanced thermal stability compared to undoped <em>γ</em>-Ce<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116941
Daigo Ito, Daisuke Urushihara, Yusuke Daiko
{"title":"Ion emission efficiency of Ag+ ions from silver ion-conducting glass under atmospheric pressure","authors":"Daigo Ito, Daisuke Urushihara, Yusuke Daiko","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By sharpening ion-conductive glass and applying a high voltage, conducting species ions are released from the glass tip. The ion emission of Ag<sup>+</sup> ions under atmospheric pressure was investigated. Under atmospheric pressure, there is a possibility that various ions are produced as a result of corona discharge. To analyze the efficiency of Ag<sup>+</sup> ion emission from the tip of sharpening glass, a quartz crystal microbalance was used to simultaneously measure the mass of the emitted ions and the ion current value. In an air atmosphere at room temperature, the efficiency of Ag<sup>+</sup> ion emission was only ∼20 %. The efficiency tended to decrease further in an oxygen atmosphere. On the other hand, the emission efficiency reaches approximately 100 % in N<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. The efficiency of Ag<sup>+</sup> ion emission under atmospheric pressure with various conditions are discussed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"428 ","pages":"Article 116941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116950
Kyuichi Yasui, Koichi Hamamoto
{"title":"Change of electrochemical potential and entropy of Li around an edge dislocation in solid electrolytes","authors":"Kyuichi Yasui, Koichi Hamamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The equations of the electrochemical potential and entropy of Li atoms near an edge dislocation inside solid electrolytes are derived. Although a stress field becomes complex in the presence of many dislocations in polycrystalline materials, the equations are still valid and the qualitative conclusions are robust at least for lower dislocation density than about <span><math><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>16</mn></msup></math></span> <span><math><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. As the modified electrochemical potential of <span><math><msup><mi>Li</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> ions in a stress field is spatially uniform at equilibrium in solid electrolytes due to the high mobility of <span><math><msup><mi>Li</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> ions, the spatial variations of the entropies associated with the stress and electric-potential field are obtained. From the increase in the local entropy by a positively charged dislocation, the concentration of Frenkel pairs of <span><math><msup><mi>Li</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> interstitials and vacancies is derived, which could be considerably higher near the dislocation. It could be the reason for higher ionic conductivity along a dislocation. It is suggested that a dislocation should be positively charged in an ionic conductor of positive ions in the absence of impurities. When the dilation due to <span><math><msup><mi>Li</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math></span> interstitials is relatively large, reduction or oxidation of the solid electrolyte may possibly occur near a dislocation although considerable diffusion of atoms and electrons is necessary for it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"428 ","pages":"Article 116950"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solid State IonicsPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116973
Tatsuya Kawada
{"title":"High temperature oxygen exchange reaction on dense and porous La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ electrodes: An overview of the experimental evidence for modeling","authors":"Tatsuya Kawada","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen exchange kinetics was investigated to model the current-potential relationship of mixed conducting oxide electrodes used in SOFC and SOEC. Focusing on La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>CoO<sub>3</sub> as a model material, experimental evidence so far obtained in our group were summarized and reanalyzed. The reaction order analysis suggested a complex reaction mechanism, for which we came to think of two series kinetics, surface process and subsurface process. The former refers to an exchange process between gas-phase oxygen molecules and some sort of surface oxygen species. The latter refers to the exchange of surface oxygen with bulk oxide ions, and the reaction barrier is not necessarily oxygen transport, but may be electron transport/transfer for oxygen in/ex-corporation This hypothesis appeared to resolve some of our remaining questions regarding the experimental results, such as scattered <em>p</em><sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> dependence in high partial pressure range, the higher isotope exchange rates than electrochemical impedance, and the reaction rate enhancement in the presence of the LaSrCoO<sub>4</sub> phase. While a single piece of such experimental evidence is insufficient to prove the hypothesis, considering all the results together provides strong support. We then tried to separate the contributions of surface and subsurface processes by measuring the surface oxygen potential using a porous oxygen sensor. It revealed that the surface process is written as <span><math><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∙</mo><mi>δ</mi><mo>∙</mo><mfenced><mrow><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>p</mi><mrow><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>,</mo><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></math></span> and the subsurface process as <span><math><msub><mi>J</mi><mi>ss</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>ss</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∙</mo><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msubsup><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>ss</mi><mo>,</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mfenced><mrow><mi>exp</mi><mfenced><mfrac><mrow><mi>β</mi><mo>∆</mo><msub><mi>μ</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></mrow><mi>RT</mi></mfrac></mfenced><mo>−</mo><mi>exp</mi><mfenced><mrow><mo>−</mo><mfrac><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>β</mi></mrow></mfenced><mo>∆</mo><msub><mi>μ</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></msub></mrow><mi>RT</mi></mfrac></mrow></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, which are in good agreement with the experimental data even for f","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 116973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}