Solid State Ionics最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic effect of ball milling time and Mn-Fe ratio on the electrochemical performance of paper-based LiMn1-XFeXPO4/C cathodes for Lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Peng Xu,&nbsp;Haiwei Wu,&nbsp;Haiwen Li,&nbsp;Hanbin Liu,&nbsp;Zhijian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, with the continuous development of high-voltage cathode materials for lithium-ion (Li⁺) batteries, the LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄ solid solution obtained by using Mn element to replace part of Fe on the basis of LiFePO₄ (LFP) has received extensive attention. It shows significantly improved voltage and capacity than LFP, which is currently regarded as a leading update for the traditional LFP cathode. At present, preparation of high-performance LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄ using common high-temperature solid-state method is still challenging and the basic intricate coupling of the Mn-Fe ratio and ball milling time parameters on its electrochemical performance is still need to be fully studied due to the parametric complexity. Herein, the carbon wrapped LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄/C material was prepared by high-temperature solid-phase method, and paper-based LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄/C electrodes were also fabricated to fully study the synergistic effects of ball milling times (0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h) and Mn-Fe ratios (5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2) on their electrochemical performance. It was found that there happened to be optimized ball milling time for each Mn-Fe ratio based LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄/C materials. The higher Mn-Fe ratio, the longer ball milling time that is needed to achieve high electrochemical performance of paper-based LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄/C cathodes. Through detailed analysis of cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves, cycling and rate performance, it was found that LiMn_1-XFe_XPO₄/C cathode prepared by ball milling for 1 h and Mn-Fe ratio of 7:3 has the best optimized voltage, cycling and rate performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"427 ","pages":"Article 116898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of depth of discharge on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4-graphite pouch cells","authors":"Xin Qiao ,&nbsp;Yahao Mu ,&nbsp;Jian Peng ,&nbsp;Bo Pei ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium iron phosphate-graphite (LFP-C) batteries are widely used in energy storage and electric vehicles due to their high safety and good cycling stability. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research to investigate the impact of depth of discharge (DOD) on LFP-C pouch cells. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of DOD (2.5 V and 1.5 V) on the cycling performance of LFP-C pouch cells, and the evolution of the cathode–electrolyte interphase (CEI) and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. In comparison to a DOD of 2.5 V, the cell with a DOD of 1.5 V exhibits a rapid capacity degradation after 50 cycles. Combined with comprehensive characterizations, the mechanism of battery decay has been revealed. A deeper discharge to 1.5 V results in an increase in the disorder of graphite. Additionally, the organic components in the SEI layer decreases, while the Li₂CO₃, LiF, and Li₃PO₄ inorganic products enrich due to the continued decomposition of electrolyte. Meanwhile, the pouch cells generate a considerable quantity of H₂ and minor CH₄ gases. This study will pave the way to understand the effects of overdischarge on the electrochemical performance of commercial pouch cells and the evolution mechanism of CEI/SEI layers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"427 ","pages":"Article 116900"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical-electrochemical coupling patterns in all-solid-state lithium batteries employing sulfide- and halide-based solid electrolytes","authors":"Jing Zhu ,&nbsp;Hailong Yu ,&nbsp;Liubin Ben ,&nbsp;Junfeng Hao ,&nbsp;Qiangfu Sun ,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ronghan Qiao ,&nbsp;Guanjun Cen ,&nbsp;Xiayin Yao ,&nbsp;Heng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuejie Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of inorganic solid electrolytes are strongly coupled with their electrochemical performance in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, we report distinct mechanical-electrochemical coupling patterns between sulfide- and halide-based solid electrolytes through dynamic pressure modulation. We designed a multi-channel pressure-electrochemistry coupling platform (pressure range: 0–380 MPa, resolution: ± 0.01 MPa) to elucidate how pressure conditions govern interfacial contact stability and cycling performance. For sulfide-based systems (e.g., Li₆PS₅Cl, LPSC), a dynamic pressure controlling protocol allows the regulation of electrolyte creep behavior, enabling sustained interfacial contact for electrochemical reactions. This approach achieves an specific capacity of 227.3 mAh g⁻¹ and capacity retention of 89.1 % after 300 cycles for a typical Li-In||LiNi_0.93Co_0.02Mn_0.05O₂ cell. In contrast, halide-based systems employing Li₃InCl₆ (LIC) require a constant and high external pressure to maintain electrochemical stability. Mechanistic studies attribute the enhanced performance of LPSC to its stress-adaptive creep behavior, which dynamically stabilizes interfaces during cycling. Conversely, the lower resilience and toughness of LIC necessitate sustained external pressure to preserve solid-solid contacts in both bulk electrolyte and composite cathodes. These findings establish tailored pressure management protocol for sulfide- and halide-based electrolytes, providing guidelines for further optimization of the electrochemical performance of ASSLBs via mechanical-electrochemical coupling strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"427 ","pages":"Article 116887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step fabrication of sodium-ion conducting cotton-based solid-state electrolyte for primary battery applications","authors":"C.J. Vijaykumar ,&nbsp;Soumya S. Bulla ,&nbsp;Chetan Chavan ,&nbsp;Rajashekhar F. Bhajantri ,&nbsp;K. Sakthipandi","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries and liquid electrolyte-based energy storage systems face intrinsic limitations that necessitate alternative solutions. Sodium-ion batteries with solid-state electrolytes, particularly biopolymer electrolytes, have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable battery technologies. This study developed a biopolymer electrolyte using cotton cellulose and explored its structural, dielectric, and transport properties upon doping with sodium nitrate (<span><math><mi>NaN</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>) salt and bismuth oxide (<span><math><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>) nanoparticles (NPs). Three samples, pristine cotton (PC), <span><math><mi>NaN</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>-doped cotton (PCS), and <span><math><mi>NaN</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> with <span><math><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> NPs-doped cotton (PCSN) were prepared using a polymer adsorption palletization technique. XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDX confirmed successful doping, revealing changes in crystallinity, chemical interactions, and microstructural modifications respectively. The impedance spectroscopy and dielectric studies showed insulating behaviour for pristine cotton, while <span><math><mi>NaN</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>-doped cotton and <span><math><mi>NaN</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> with <span><math><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>i</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> NPs-doped cotton exhibited ionic conductivities of <span><math><mn>1.71</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>S</mi><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><mn>3</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>81</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><mi>S</mi><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> respectively. PCS-based cells demonstrated superior performance with open circuit voltage of <span><math><mn>2.2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>V</mi></math></span>, current density of <span><math><mn>3.55</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μA</mi><msup><mi>cm</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, power density of <span><math><mn>0.29</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>W</mi><msup><mi>Kg</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, energy density of <span><math><mn>7.09</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>Wh</mi><msup><mi>Kg</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, and discharge capacity of <span><math><mn>2.32</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μA</mi><msup><mi>h</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"427 ","pages":"Article 116897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-selective purification to high-capacity LiFePO4: Transforming natural Iron sources via alkali-mediated green synthesis","authors":"Zhihong Yang,&nbsp;Yongjia Li,&nbsp;Yingjuan Li,&nbsp;Zhenhua Zhang,&nbsp;Xingzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄), renowned for its thermal stability and structural safety, faces cost limitations in conventional synthesis routes. This study presents a transformative approach utilizing natural hematite concentrate through an integrated impurity engineering and structural activation strategy. Thermodynamic analysis guided a two-stage alkaline sintering process that selectively removes detrimental impurities via NaOH-mediated conversion to water-soluble Na₂O·Al₂O₃/Na₂O·SiO₂ complexes, while preserving beneficial Mg dopants for enhanced ionic conductivity. Subsequent rapid quenching induces metastable Fe₂O₃ amorphization (68.79 wt% Fe purity) with fractured nanorod morphologies. The optimized LiFePO₄ cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, delivering 155.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1C with minimal polarization, and maintains 110.7 mAh g⁻¹ at ultrahigh 15C rates. Long-term cycling reveals 89.9 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1.0C. reducing charge transfer resistance by 59 % versus conventional synthesis. This synergistic impurity removal-amorphization mechanism enables the preparation of LiFePO₄ from low-grade ores, opening up a scalable route for the production of cost-competitive LiFePO₄ anodes and concurrently realizing the value-added utilization of natural mineral resources. This method combines materials engineering with sustainable battery production, greatly reducing the cost of precursors compared to traditional iron sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"426 ","pages":"Article 116894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano Co3O4 coating endows LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 with high cycling performance and suppressed air sensitivity","authors":"Na Li,&nbsp;Xinze Li,&nbsp;Ling Li,&nbsp;Yanwei Li,&nbsp;Jiefeng Hai,&nbsp;Bin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, ultra-high nickel LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ is coated by Co₃O₄ nanoparticles through a facile solid-state process. A systematic investigation is conducted to evaluate the impacts of the Co₃O₄ coating on the crystal structure, microstructure, cycling performance, electrochemical reaction kinetics, and electrochemical diffusion kinetics of the material. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses reveal that the Co₃O₄ coating has no obvious effect on the crystal and microstructural properties of LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂. Under both room temperature (25 °C) and high temperature (55 °C) conditions, the Co₃O₄-coated LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂ exhibits superior cycling performance compared to the pure LiNi_0.9Co_0.05Mn_0.05O₂. Additionally, the Co₃O₄ coating accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics. This research provides insights into the preparation of ultra-high Ni layered cathode materials with high-performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"427 ","pages":"Article 116893"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excellent stability of layered Na0.67Ni0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 cathode materials with P2/O3 biphasic system in humid ambient air","authors":"Xuelei Li ,&nbsp;Wei Da ,&nbsp;Zhihui Xu ,&nbsp;Qingwen Li ,&nbsp;Huirong Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Lv ,&nbsp;Aruuhan Bayaguud","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have shown broad application prospects in the field of energy storage due to their low cost, high safety, wide operating temperature range, fast charging, and environmental friendliness. As one of the key components of SIBs, layered oxide cathodes have significant advantages such as high specific capacity, feasible energy density, and high operating voltage, but they also face challenges of poor interface stability and insufficient air stability. In this work, a P2/O3 biphasic system Na_0.67Ni_0.33Fe_0.33Mn_0.33O₂ (Na0.67NFM) is synthesized by a sol-gel and subsequent solid phase calcination method. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of Na0.67NFM calcined at 900 °C (Na0.67NFM-900) are investigated, revealing that it maintains a high stability even after exposure in humid ambient air for 5 days. Although a small amount of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ is produced on the surface of Na0.67NFM-900, the main P2/O3 structure still maintains overall integrity into the internal bulk phase. Therefore, the electrochemical performance of Na0.67NFM cathode is not significantly affected after short-term air exposure. After 200 cycles at 1C, the capacity retention of Na0.67NFM-900 cathode still remains 72.3 %, which is almost comparable to that of the unexposed one (75.7 %). This work indicates that Na0.67NFM is a promising candidate cathode material with exceptional air stability for SIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"426 ","pages":"Article 116895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of hydrogen diffusion and spatial heterogeneity of its distribution in pure LiNbO3 crystals of congruent composition","authors":"A.V. Yatsenko ,&nbsp;V.F. Shul'gin ,&nbsp;S.V. Yagupov ,&nbsp;O.V. Palatnikova ,&nbsp;N.V. Sidorov ,&nbsp;M.N. Palatnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diffusion of H⁺ ions in pure LiNbO₃ crystals of congruent composition in the temperature range of 948–998 K has been studied by IR spectroscopy. It has been shown that in this temperature range the diffusion of H⁺ ions is substantially anisotropic and the diffusion constants along the polar and non-polar directions differ by approximately 2 times. When the diffusion activation energy <em>Е</em>_а = 1.03 eV, the corresponding values are (<em>D</em>_o)_z = (0.050 ± 0.007) cm⁻² and (<em>D</em>_o)_x = (0.027 ± 0.003) cm⁻². It has been shown that a significant gradient of the volume concentration of H⁺ ions arises during proton exchange in large-volume LiNbO₃ crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"426 ","pages":"Article 116888"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The formula for peak current density of cyclic voltammogram on spherical electrodes with maximum occupation sites","authors":"Shijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Tong-Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Sheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) is essential for elucidating electron and ion transfer kinetics as well as diffusion properties at electrode interfaces. The peak currents in CV, measured at various scan rates, are influenced by ion transport rates, necessitating theoretical formulations for interpretation. Classical models assume simultaneous diffusion of oxidized and reduced species at equal rates within the electrolyte, which limits their applicability to ion-battery systems. In batteries, ion diffusion in electrodes is the slowest kinetic step, and electrode sites are limited, significantly impacting CV peak currents. This study introduces a novel framework to derive the formula for CV peak currents in battery electrodes, considering the finite number of occupation sites. The derived formula markedly differs from classical models and demonstrates robust agreement with finite difference solutions of relevant partial differential equations, enabling precise determination of ion kinetics in spherical electrodes within ion-battery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"426 ","pages":"Article 116879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the electrochemical behavior of PANI synthesized galvanostatic method through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy","authors":"J.C.M. da Costa ,&nbsp;J.C.M. Neto ,&nbsp;R.R. Passos ,&nbsp;L.A. Pocrifka","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssi.2025.116880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers across various fields have become interested in intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) due to their stability, ease of use, and conductivity. Polyaniline (PANI) is a prime example, with applications ranging from corrosion protection, electrochromic devices, and energy storage (electrodes). Despite its versatility, few studies explore its electrochemical behavior using the technique of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In this study, we synthesized PANI using a chronoamperometric technique (galvanic) at 0.70 V for 900 s. Cyclic voltammetry revealed the redox couple between leucoemeraldine and emeraldine states, along with the specific capacitance measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis allowed observe the potential window and resistive and capacitive responses between 0.2 and 0.7 V through Nyquist plots. Interestingly, the low-frequency pseudocapacitive analysis showed high specific capacitance at 0.2 V (emeraldine phase) and for benzoquinone and hydroquinone (intermediate phases). Complex capacitance analysis corroborates that the most capacitive potential, corresponding to emeraldine, achieved actual capacitances (C′) of 151 mF.cm⁻². Additionally, relaxation time constants were calculated, and the intersection points for complex power occurred at roughly 70 % for the most capacitive potentials. These results identify the potentials with capacitive and resistive characteristics, providing a deeper understanding of PANI's properties, which can help in future studies using polyaniline in electrochemical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":"426 ","pages":"Article 116880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}