Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Compressed air concentrated solar pyrolysis furnace: A techno-environment-economic case study in Qinghai","authors":"Yi Yao ,&nbsp;Dominic C.Y. Foo ,&nbsp;Wai-Siong Chai ,&nbsp;Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Cheng Heng Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass pyrolysis is widely implemented for production of bio-fuels due to its flexibility and renewability. However, conventional biomass pyrolysis is predominantly achieved via electrical heating, which mostly derives from non-renewable fossil fuels. Hence, this paper proposes a solar pyrolysis furnace to achieve heating from solar concentration via a solar parabolic dish. The energy provision is accomplished by a flow of solar heated compressed air inside metal coils wrapping around the pyrolysis tube. The conceptual design was conducted using Solidworks software with the numerical simulation performed with its Flow Simulation studio. The simulation results indicate that the proposed design is able to achieve operation temperature of more than 500 °C with a heating rate of 18.0 °C <span><math><mrow><mo>∙</mo></mrow></math></span> min^-1, which is comparable to commercially-available electrical furnaces. The available heat provision to the unit mass of biomass during pyrolysis is up to 1.24 MJ∙kg^-1. A case study in Qinghai was also performed to understand the economic and environmental performance of the proposed design where the results are promising. This work establishes the potential of the proposed concentrated solar furnace, from technical, environmental and economic perspectives, for wider applications, particularly for biomass pyrolysis in deriving clean energy and functional carbon materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterbased electrically conductive adhesive for PERC-type shingled solar cells","authors":"Hüseyin Utkucan Kayacı ,&nbsp;Gurcan Utku Ozdemir ,&nbsp;Meryem Ezgi Karahalli ,&nbsp;Ahmet Hamdi Aksoy ,&nbsp;Serdar Guler ,&nbsp;Doga Doganay ,&nbsp;Sahin Coskun ,&nbsp;Talat Ozden ,&nbsp;Simge Çınar Aygün ,&nbsp;Rasit Turan ,&nbsp;Husnu Emrah Unalan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the development of innovative, environmentally friendly water-based electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) designed specifically for interconnecting shingled passivated emitter rear cell (PERC) solar cells. Formulated with silver (Ag) microflakes and optimized polymeric additives, these adhesives aim to enhance electrical conductivity, adhesion strength, and reliability under real-world operating conditions of solar cells. By reducing reliance on conventional solvent-based adhesives, the water-based ECAs offer significant environmental benefits, including reduced volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and improved handling safety, aligning with sustainable manufacturing practices. Through systematic experimental analysis and detailed characterization, the water-based adhesives demonstrated a yield stress of 4.8 MPa and a low volume resistivity of 22 μOhm-cm at a film thickness of 25 μm. A 0.4 % increase in power conversion efficiency is obtained compared to commercial counterparts. This efficiency improvement is attributed to the uniform dispersion and stabilization of Ag microflakes within the adhesive matrix, enabled by water-based dispersion techniques. These findings highlight the feasibility and effectiveness of water-based ECAs as a viable interconnection method, providing a balance of high conductivity and eco-friendliness. This research advances sustainable, cost-effective adhesive solutions in photovoltaic technology and beyond, aiding the industry's shift toward cleaner and more efficient solar cell production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a solar dish system with hybrid nanofluid cooling and sustainable thermoelectric power generation: Incorporating experimental property data","authors":"M. Sheikholeslami ,&nbsp;N. Ataollahi ,&nbsp;P. Scardi ,&nbsp;M.A. Malagutti","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a sustainable approach by integrating thermoelectric modules with solar dish systems to boost energy efficiency. The study investigates the incorporation of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) into a solar dish system, employing thin-film TEGs made from eco-friendly materials, specifically CTS (Cu₂SnS₃) for the p-type and CAFS (Cu_0.85Ag_0.15FeS₂) for the n-type legs. Soda Lime Glass (SLG) and polyimide are used as substrates. A thermal resistance model is developed, and energy balance principles guide the derivation of equations to determine temperatures at the TEG's hot and cold sides, alongside the electrical current. Simulations were validated against experimental data, demonstrating good accuracy. The TEG geometry is optimized by adjusting leg widths, showing that the best dimensions for maximum power are 3 mm for the p-type leg, 4 mm for the n-type, and 1 mm for substrate gaps. To further boost voltage, multiple TEGs are connected in series at the solar dish's focal point. Cooling on the cold side is enhanced by a hybrid nanofluid channel (water mixed with Fe₃O₄-SiO₂ nanoparticles). Results showed notable performance improvements, with solar irradiation increasing maximum power (P_max) by 3.23 %. Additionally, increasing the hybrid nanofluid fraction (ϕ) with SLG substrates elevated P_max by 1.95 %, while using polyimide instead of SLG under optimal conditions increased P_max by 25.28 %. This study highlights the potential for integrating thermoelectric modules in solar dish systems to enhance efficiency and sustainability. The combination of eco-friendly materials and advanced cooling methods, like hybrid nanofluids, not only improves energy generation but also helps reduce environmental issues. These advancements support renewable energy technologies and contribute to process safety by minimizing dependence on non-renewable sources and utilizing innovative cooling techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113508"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of crystal-melt interface and reducing dislocation density of casting quasi-single crystalline silicon ingots using a novel thermal field","authors":"Guanghui Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Qi ,&nbsp;Yao Yang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Tang ,&nbsp;Jiancheng Li ,&nbsp;Junlan Wang ,&nbsp;Rugang Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The casting of quasi-single crystalline silicon (QSC-Si) is a technology with great potential for producing high-quality and low-cost crystals in the photovoltaic market. In this paper, we propose a new circular rotating thermal field structure in an industrial directional solidification (DS) furnace. The influence of crucible rotation speed on melt flow, thermal gradient, and crystal-melt interface was first investigated by using a global three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics model. Then the corresponding QSC-Si growth experiments in the rotating DS furnace were also carried out to obtain high-quality silicon ingots and verify the numerical model. The results show that the maximum deflection of 3D crystal-melt interface decreases from 19.0 mm to about 2.0 mm when the rotational speed increases from 0 rpm to 0.7 rpm. A higher rotational speed is beneficial for obtaining an almost highly flat and symmetrical 3D crystal-melt interface deflection in the rotating DS furnace due to a more uniform thermal gradient within the silicon region. However, the maximum crucible rotation speed should be restricted to less than 1.0 rpm since the rotating chassis has limited ability to bear the weight of the silicon feedstock. Then, the optimal crucible rotating speed with a value of 0.7 rpm was adapted to implement the QSC-Si growth experiments. The crystal quality of silicon ingots was analyzed by a photoluminescence (PL) detector. The experimental results indicate that the average percentage of dislocation defects for Ingot A (without crucible rotation speed) is 4.95 %, while that for Ingot B (with 0.7 rpm crucible rotation speed) is only 1.99 %. This research proposes an innovative approach for improving the uniformity of the 3D crystal-melt interface and decreasing the dislocation density in large-scale casting QSC-Si ingots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogenation characteristics of p-type poly-Si passivating contacts on textured surface for double-sided TOPCon devices","authors":"Anna Damm ,&nbsp;Mathias Bories ,&nbsp;Jan Benick ,&nbsp;Mario Hanser ,&nbsp;Armin Richter ,&nbsp;Anyao Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongshu Yang ,&nbsp;Stefan Lange ,&nbsp;Paul-Tiberiu Miclea ,&nbsp;Jana-Isabelle Polzin","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An effective hydrogenation process for polycrystalline silicon based passivating contacts (TOPCon) is crucial to achieve a very high level of surface passivation. This work examines the hydrogenation characteristics of p-type TOPCon on textured surface morphology by applying dielectric layers such as AlO_x, SiN_x and stacks thereof followed by an activation in a furnace anneal or by fast-firing. In a direct comparison with n-type TOPCon, p-type TOPCon requires higher activation temperatures and a higher activation energy. For a successful integration of n-type and p-type TOPCon into bottom cell precursors with 726 mV implied <em>V</em>_oc for tandem devices, stacks featuring AlO_x are beneficial to increase the thermal stability especially for n-type TOPCon. With regards to fast-firing processes, the influence of an additional pre- or post-annealing step is investigated. The peak firing temperature can significantly be reduced when applying an annealing step beforehand and a post-firing anneal improves surface passivation to recombination current densities <em>J</em>_0s as low as 7.9 fA/cm² for p-type TOPCon on textured surface which is one of the lowest reported in literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113542"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer-separated treatment accelerating growth of P-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon in SHJ cells","authors":"Jialing Tao ,&nbsp;Rui Jia ,&nbsp;Ke Tao ,&nbsp;Xing Li ,&nbsp;BaoJie Yan ,&nbsp;Baohai Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Gao ,&nbsp;Yongyao Li ,&nbsp;Chunlin Guo ,&nbsp;Jiawang Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doped nanocrystalline silicon has higher conductivity and lower parasitic absorption than doped amorphous silicon when used in photovoltaic heterojunction cells, which has been demonstrated in many previous studies. In this paper, the growth mechanism of p-type hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (p-nc-Si:H) thin films as doped emitter layer of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells is researched. Firstly, we focused on the effect of different PECVD deposition conditions on the growth rate and rapid crystallization of p-nc-Si:H given the frequency of 13.56 MHz, such as gas flow during deposition, chamber pressure, and power-density. We find that solar cell performs worse if deposition rate of p-nc-Si:H is dramatically increased. Then, we create layer-separated treatment method that balances growth rate and film quality through layered growth at different power levels. Finally, we designed layer-separated treatment for fast deposition rate of 2.11 Å/s with high crystallinity, then realized SHJ cell whose efficiency reached 25.88 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113543"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic algorithm-driven design of NIR-Reflective transparent colored multilayers for enhanced radiative cooling","authors":"Guanghao Zhu,&nbsp;Zhen Yan,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Meng,&nbsp;Yeming Shi,&nbsp;Desong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive radiative cooling is a promising path to tackle worsening energy crisis and global warming. Despite advancements in cooling mechanisms, material design, preparation technologies, and practical applications, the traditional white or silver appearance fails to meet both aesthetic and functional requirements, and the lack of transparency limits their applicability in scenarios where optical clarity is crucial. In this work, a genetic algorithm is employed to optimally design a dielectric/metal/dielectric/metal/dielectric stacked multilayer structure as a near-infrared (NIR) reflector, which is integrated with a plain glass substrate and an infrared high-emission PDMS layer on the outermost layer to form a transparent-colored radiative cooler (TCRC). By integrating a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity within the NIR reflector, we achieved customization of TCRC with varying colors. A grey TCRC exhibits optimal performance with visible transmissivity of 0.63, high NIR reflectivity of 0.88, and atmospheric transparency window emissivity of 0.95, all demonstrating angular independence (&lt;60°). In outdoor experiments during midday, TCRC achieves a room temperature reduction of 17.6 °C compared to the original glass. Additionally, TCRC exhibits an extraordinary potential for building energy-saving in most climate zones. This work provides a valuable reference for the further development of radiative cooling and the design of metamaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transparent and flexible double-layer protective film composed of PVDF-TPU for efficient radiative cooling","authors":"Chao Shi ,&nbsp;Shengyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiongbo Yang ,&nbsp;Guiguang Qi ,&nbsp;Yiteng Tu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Hu ,&nbsp;Junxia Mao ,&nbsp;Yunqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Qiao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling (RC) is a passive cooling technique that operates without requiring energy input, which can effectively alleviate the strain on car cooling systems caused by high temperatures during summer, particularly in the context of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. A flexible transparent double-layer radiative cooling film based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) as car protective film is proposed in this work. The transparency of the PVDF-TPU (PT) film reaches 71 %, preserving the aesthetic appearance of the vehicle, while exhibiting an emissivity rate of 98 %. The outdoor cooling experiments conducted on a clear summer day in China Three Gorges University (Yichang city) resulted in a significant sub-ambient temperature reduction of 17.3 °C. Furthermore, the flexible PT double-layer film can be tailored and applied to precisely conform to the unique contours of each vehicle, effectively protecting its paint from potential scratches caused by external elements such as sand or branches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral splitting thermophotovoltaic systems using GaSb and InGaAs cells","authors":"Jiapeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lv ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Shao ,&nbsp;Liangliang Tang ,&nbsp;Yonghui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Ximeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells have garnered increasing attention due to their diverse range of potential applications. However, the efficiency of current TPV systems remains relatively low. It is widely recognized that a key solution to this issue lies in designing the radiation spectrum to match the spectral response of TPV cells. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to tune the spectrum of photons incident to the cells. By using a dichroic mirror, the photon flux is split into two spectral bands: high energy photons are directed onto 0.72eV-GaSb cells, while lower-energy photons are directed onto 0.59eV-InGaAs cells, which have a lower bandgap. The split-band TPV structure, based on broadband a selective emitter, is experimentally investigated. The experiments demonstrated that the spectrum-splitting system composed of these two cells, the peak power density improved by up to 59.6% at 1000°C source temperature, indicating that spectral splitting is an effective method to enhance the overall performance of TPV systems. Additionally, the design of a TPV prototype based on this spectrum-splitting system is proposed for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic hot corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels in binary nitrate-carbonate molten salts at 600°C","authors":"Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Cancan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Ma ,&nbsp;Yuting Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the compatibility of austenitic stainless steels, including AISI 304, AISI 316L and AISI 347H, with binary nitrate-carbonate molten salts at 600 °C, dynamic corrosion tests were carried out for 1000 h under different flow conditions. The corrosion rates of three types of stainless steels in nitrate salts were investigated using the weight loss method. The microstructures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study the corrosion behavior of these steels. The results showed that, at a flow rate of 2 m/s, the corrosion rates (R_depth) of 304, 316L, and 347H stainless steels were 0.0217 mm/y, 0.0122 mm/y, and 0.0076 mm/y, respectively. The corrosion rates of these steels were 3.85, 3.4, and 2.2 times higher compared to static conditions, indicating that the increase in flow rate exacerbated the corrosion of stainless steel. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the primary corrosion products are iron oxides. Due to the presence of Cr and Ni in 316L stainless steel, it exhibits better corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel under dynamic conditions. Similarly, the addition of nickel and Nb in the composition of 347H stainless steel enhances its corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113533"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}