Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Thermophysical property degradation and structure evolution of the NaNO3-KNO3-Ca(NO3)2 molten salts after long-term high-temperature heat treatment","authors":"Bo Li ,&nbsp;Xingguang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Weihua Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongfeng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The degradation mechanism of the thermophysical property for the NaNO₃-KNO₃-Ca(NO₃)₂ molten salts after long-term operation remains unclear. To analyze the long-term service characteristics, the thermophysical property and strucutral changes of the NaNO₃-KNO₃-Ca(NO₃)₂ molten salts were investigated after subjected to isothermal treatment at 480.0 °C for 15 days in air and argon. It was demonstrated that argon atmosphere facilitated the formation of nitrite (NO₂⁻), leading to reduced melting point (with a maximum decrease of 7.9 °C), diminished specific heat capacity and lowered viscosity. Accelerated decomposition under argon atmosphere was identified as the primary cause of higher mass loss (2.5 %), attributed to the intensified decomposition reactions promoted by the dynamic argon environment. In contrast, decomposition was suppressed in air flow (1.8 % mass loss), where CO₂ participation in the formation of CaCO₃ and CO₃²⁻ species was confirmed. However, viscosity elevation in air-treated sample was observed due to progressive impurity accumulation. The structure evolution was furthered characterized by the variable-temperature Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The coordination network of NO₃⁻ was disrupted by the bent configuration of NO₂⁻, resulting in weakened interionic interactions. The peak broadening and red-shift indicate extended N–O bonds and structural disorder. These atomic-scale modifications directly explain the reduced specific heat capacity and altered thermal stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113668"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel rGO-Fe3O4-mixed cellulose ester membrane for solar evaporation and seawater desalination","authors":"Cheng Xue,&nbsp;Cong Qi,&nbsp;Wenzhu Li,&nbsp;Jia Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to boost the photothermal conversion and solar evaporation efficiency of membrane, mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filter membranes was modified by reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and a novel rGO-Fe₃O₄-MCE membrane was developed. Firstly, the solvothermal synthesis process of hybrid material rGO-Fe₃O₄ was presented, and then the preparation process of rGO-Fe₃O₄/MCE membrane was introduced. Effects of different rGO mass fractions, rGO-Fe₃O₄ loadings and light intensity on the photothermal evaporation of the thin membrane were experimentally researched. Results indicated that rGO-Fe₃O₄/MCE membrane shows excellent sunlight absorption and photothermal conversion efficient owing to its fast water transport capability, the evaporation rate is 1.501 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, and the solar vapor conversion efficiency is 89.69 %, which exceeds the conversion efficiency of most previous solar evaporators. The membrane desalination performance and durability study were also conducted. Cycling tests confirmed that the system is able to maintain stable performance for 20 cycles under the same lighting conditions. The novel rGO-Fe₃O₄/MCE membrane of this paper has great potential application value owing to its great photothermal conversion efficiency, stable mechanical properties, cost-effectiveness, simple preparation process, and strong reusability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113708"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying kinetics, thermal performance, drying characteristic of different shaped potato samples: An experimental validation with mathematical model","authors":"Anand Kushwah","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, three different sample shapes were tested to compare their drying behavior, drying kinetics, morphology, efficiency, and the heat and mass transfer processes involved. A model was also adjusted to match the experimental outcomes. Key observations include that maximum solar radiation was noted at 771 W/m², with the ambient temperature reaching 40 °C. In Case-I, the highest crop surface temperature of 56 °C was observed at 14:00, while in Sample-II and Sample-III, the temperatures peaked at 64.1 °C and 69.5 °C, respectively, at same time, due to higher solar radiation intensity. The drying rates for the different samples varied throughout the day. For Sample-I, the highest drying rate was 0.017 g/g db.hr at 11:00, after which it gradually decreased. For Sample-II and Sample-III, the peak drying rates were 0.012 and 0.017 g/g db.hr, respectively, at 11:00. The drying efficiency was also measured, with Case-I showing the highest efficiency of 27 %, due to optimal heat utilization. Case-II and Case-III recorded efficiencies of 25.6 % and 21.9 %, respectively. Economically, this drying system is more cost-effective than others on the market, offering a short payback period of just 1.26 years. In summary, the study highlights the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of the drying system, with encouraging results in terms of energy utilization, drying rates, and model accuracy for predicting drying behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diatomite-based phase change composite coatings applied to concrete walls with solar thermal storage and preservation","authors":"Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Guangheng Ge ,&nbsp;Weili Gu ,&nbsp;Peng Gong ,&nbsp;Dongya Fan ,&nbsp;Pan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research was focused on fabricating phase change composites (PCCs) by using paraffin wax (PW) and diatomaceous (DT) modified with polydopamine (PDA). The goal was to enhance the shape stability, thermal conductivity, solar thermal conversion efficiency, and heat preservation performance of phase change materials (PCMs) for applications in concrete wall (CW) coatings. The experimental results showed that the PDA-modified DT enhanced the encapsulation of PCMs. Among the prepared PCCs, PW/DT/PDA12 and PW/DT/PDA16 exhibited excellent leakage resistance. Notably, the thermal conductivity of PW/DT/PDA16 reached 0.74 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, which was 3.3 times that of pure PW. The PDA-modified PCCs also had a good solar-thermal effect and latent heat storage capacity. When the filling ratio of DT/PDA16 was 52.3 wt%, the photothermal temperature of PW/DT/PDA16 could reach 57.9 °C, and its latent enthalpy was 106.2 J/g. When the shape-stabilized PCCs were applied as CW coatings, they demonstrated significant solar-thermal and thermal insulation effects, with the temperature difference reaching up to 60.3 °C, and showed remarkable heat preservation performance. Overall, this study introduced a new type of PCCs. These composites had good shape stability, high solar-thermal conversion efficiency, high latent heat storage capacity, and high thermal conductivity. They also contributed to building energy efficiency and heat preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113717"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4E analyses of pyramidal solar still with novel techniques for efficient desalination","authors":"Nagendra Pandey,&nbsp;Y. Naresh","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, substantial efforts have been focused on innovating solar still designs to overcome the issue of low water yield. The presents study investigated the integration of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP), fogger, phase change material (PCM), and fins in pyramidal solar still. The experiments were on three different solar stills, namely: Case I is a conventional pyramidal solar still (CPSS), Case II incorporates PCM and fins (MPSS1), Case III features a solar still with an ultrasonic fogger, PCM, PHP, and fins (MPSS2). The performance of the three cases was compared and assessed by analysing the freshwater yield, energy, and exergy efficiency, and conducting economic and environmental evaluations. The results indicated that the freshwater produced by Case III increased considerably compared to Case I and Case II. Case III achieved 7.96 L/m², representing improvements of 121.72 % and 38.19 % over Case I and Case II, respectively. Case III exhibited an average energy efficiency of 54.90 %, showing enhancements of 29.48 % and 47.58 % compared to Case II and Case I, respectively. Moreover, Case III exergy efficiency was 4.51 %, reflecting increases of 30.72 % compared to Case II and 58.24 % compared to Case I. Economic analysis indicated Cost per Liter (CPL) for Case III was $0.010, demonstrating reductions of 23 % and 33.33 % for Case III compared to Case II and Case I, respectively. The payback period for Case III was 125 days, showing decreases of 10.71 % and 28.57 % compared to Case II and Case I, respectively. Case III has shown the highest CO₂ mitigation in comparison to Case II and Case I. The treated water achieved potable standards with a pH of 6.98, effective salinity removal, and a reduced TDS of 72 mg/L. Study highlights that integrating PHP, fogger, PCM, and fins into Case I significantly improves water yield, energy efficiency, and economic feasibility, contributing to sustainable water production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113686"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of current–voltage characteristics of curved photovoltaic modules for vehicle integration","authors":"Takeshi Tayagaki,&nbsp;Kengo Yamagoe,&nbsp;Munefumi Komori,&nbsp;Masahiro Yoshita","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Curved surfaces look smart for automotive customers, however, are not easily accommodated by conventional flat photovoltaic (PV) panel technology. One of the major challenges for curved PV technology is to develop a consensus method for measuring the current–voltage characteristics of curved PV modules. In this study, we first investigated the current–voltage characteristics of a flexible crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell on a curved stage and modeled the effect of the solar cell curvature on the current characteristic. Then, we characterized the irradiance distribution of a solar simulator for a large PV module with an illumination area of 200 × 140 cm², including spatial light intensity and incident light angle distributions. Based on these results, we demonstrated that the measured current–voltage curve of a curved c-Si PV module with a size of ∼120 × 70 cm² and a curvature radius of 1000 mm matched the calculated current–voltage curves considering the irradiation characteristics of the solar simulator and the current–voltage curve of a flat PV module. The requirements for the solar simulator used to measure the current–voltage characteristics of a curved PV module are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HF treatment to enhance front-surface passivation and firing stability of silicon large-area back-contact solar cells","authors":"Tianjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Lin ,&nbsp;Zibo Zhou ,&nbsp;Dawei Liu ,&nbsp;Tai Chen ,&nbsp;Jianan Xie ,&nbsp;Sirui Liu ,&nbsp;Junbao Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Back-contact solar cells, free from front-surface grid lines, maximize optical absorption and are recognized for their high efficiency potential among crystalline silicon cells. While the TOPCon (tunnel oxide passivated contact) structure achieves extremely low surface recombination and has demonstrated record efficiencies exceeding 26 %, its application to the front surface of back-contact cells introduces significant optical parasitic absorption. To address these challenges and reduce recombination on front textured surfaces, the passivation characteristics of three different structures—a sole SiN<em>x</em>:H dielectric layer, a SiO₂/SiN<em>x</em>:H stack, and an n⁺-FSF/SiO₂/SiN<em>x</em>:H stack—were investigated and compared using industrial-scale equipment. We observed that increasing the oxidation temperature and time for thermally grown SiO₂ layers capped with SiN<em>x</em>:H reduced iVoc and increased J₀, enlarging the difference in these values before and after co-firing. Combined with HF thinning behavior, it was concluded that the surface oxygen exchange zone of the SiO₂ layer (thickness ∼4.7 nm) significantly impacts front-surface passivation and firing stability. HF dip treatment significantly enhanced passivation, achieving a higher iVoc (738.98 mV) and a lower J₀ (2.51 fA/cm²) with an effective surface recombination velocity (S_eff) of 0.41 cm/s at a fixed injection level of 1 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻³, comparable to the lowest values reported for TOPCon structures capped with SiN<em>x</em>:H on textured surfaces. These findings provide a practical solution to enhance front-surface passivation and firing stability for back-contact solar cell manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113694"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal oxide as hole transport layer for crystalline silicon solar cells: Progress and prospects","authors":"Linfeng Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xu ,&nbsp;Jingjie Li ,&nbsp;Wanyu Lu ,&nbsp;Dayong Yuan ,&nbsp;Tinghao Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Yan ,&nbsp;Qian Kang ,&nbsp;Yongzhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-efficiency crystalline silicon (<em>c</em>-Si) solar cells, including silicon heterojunction (SHJ) and tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon), are hampered by their capital-intensive preparation process, which necessitate the use of flammable and toxic gasses. Moreover, the parasitic absorption of the doped amorphous silicon within SHJ cells, particularly in the short wavelength range, inevitably leads to a decline in device performance. Given these drawbacks, silicon compound heterojunction (SCH) solar cells have garnered significant attention owing to their reduced parasitic absorption, lower production costs, and simpler preparation procedures. The electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL) ensure efficient extraction and transport of electrons and holes, and play a decisive role in device performance. The HTL materials include transition metal oxide materials (TMOs), organic materials, low-dimensional semiconductor materials, etc. This comprehensive review summarizes the research progress of SCH solar cells, with a focus on TMOs as HTL. The review primarily delves into the transport mechanism of TMOs as HTL, the factors influencing device performance, and the corresponding mitigation strategies. This review aims to foster a deeper understanding of the performance-impacting factors and offer insights for the future development of high-efficiency solar cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113682"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing the photoelectric performance of tube PECVD-based tunnel oxide passivating contact silicon solar cells by regulating the activated phosphorus concentration in polysilicon","authors":"Fenghe Han ,&nbsp;Mingdun Liao ,&nbsp;Na Lin ,&nbsp;Shuo Deng ,&nbsp;Ning Song ,&nbsp;Weichuang Yang ,&nbsp;Zunke Liu ,&nbsp;Sheshicheng Chen ,&nbsp;Haojiang Du ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Fuping Zhao ,&nbsp;Wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiren Cai ,&nbsp;Zhenhai Yang ,&nbsp;Yuheng Zeng ,&nbsp;Jichun Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current market, the tube plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has become one of the dominant technologies for the preparation of SiO_x and doped polysilicon layers in tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs). The activated phosphorus concentration in polysilicon layers prepared using tube PECVD significantly influences the optical and electrical properties of TOPCon structures. In this work, we effectively control the activated phosphorus concentration in polysilicon through adjusting PH₃ flow rates and investigate the effects of the activated phosphorus concentration on the photoelectric performance of TOPCon SCs, including sheet resistivity, mobility, crystallinity, and parasitic absorption. Specifically, our results show that optimizing the activated phosphorus concentration leads to relatively high crystallinity, and moderate sheet resistivity, mobility, and parasitic absorption. Consequently, a high activated phosphorus concentration with a PH₃ flow rate of 1200 sccm achieves a balance in optical and electrical performance, yielding a relatively high fill factor and short-circuit current density of TOPCon SCs. Based on these results, the average efficiency of industrial screen-printing <em>n</em>-type TOPCon SC increases by 0.17% compared to the baseline sample for 800 sccm conditions on the production line, providing guidance for achieving high-efficiency TOPCon SCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational simulation of perovskite and silicon solar panel operating temperatures in varying ambient conditions","authors":"Julianna Varjopuro ,&nbsp;Aleksi Kamppinen ,&nbsp;Aapo Poskela ,&nbsp;Juha A. Karhu ,&nbsp;Anders V. Lindfors ,&nbsp;Kati Miettunen","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113657","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, the thermal behavior of perovskite panels is modeled in different ambient conditions, and simulated operation temperatures are compared with those of more commonly studied silicon solar panels. One specific need is for temperature model parameters for perovskite panels, to make, for instance, photovoltaic power prediction models that are more consistent with those of silicon solar panels. While the operating temperature of perovskite panels has gained less attention, it impacts their stability more compared with silicon devices. The applied 3D model allows studying the effects of varying ambient conditions on the heat distribution and temperature of commercial-sized panels. The results show that replacing the standard crystalline silicon with a typical perovskite absorber of ca. &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;eV&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; band gap as the active material may significantly reduce the module temperature in normal operation: the modeled average cell temperature of the perovskite module was ca. &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; less than that of the silicon module under reference conditions (ambient temperature &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;20&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, wind speed &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m/s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and solar irradiance &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;800&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;W/m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). The novelty of the study is the predicted set of perovskite-module-specific model parameters for the Sandia (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;77&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;b&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;129&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), Faiman (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L0&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;37&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;93&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;W/m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L1&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;47&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ws/m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), PVsyst (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;19&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;29&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;W/m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;27&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Ws/m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), Mattei (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;U&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;PV&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;49&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;16&lt;/","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 113657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}