Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of optical absorption and transport layer effects on Perovskite/ACIGS tandem solar cells","authors":"Nour El I. Boukortt ,&nbsp;Antonio Garcia Loureiro ,&nbsp;Johan Lauwaert","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of two-terminal (2T) perovskite/ACIGS tandem solar cells using Silvaco TCAD tools, aiming to guide the design of high-efficiency tandem configuration. The subcells were calibrated based on data from experimentally fabricated perovskite and ACIGS devices, with a band-to-band tunneling junction employed to enable efficient carrier recombination. Despite successful stacking, the tandem configuration exhibits a <em>V</em>_<em>oc</em> loss of ∼28 mV before subcells matching, attributed to interfacial limitations in the top subcell. To address this, we explored the interplay of optical transparency, defect passivation, and charge transport by (1) selecting perovskite materials with tailored optoelectronic properties and thickness profiles, and (2) optimizing the electron transport layer (ETL) to minimize interfacial trap density and enhance charge extraction. Our optimized tandem structure achieves a simulated power conversion efficiency of 30.71 %, with a <em>J</em>_<em>sc</em> of 18.51 mA/cm², a <em>V</em>_<em>oc</em> of 2.05 V, and an <em>FF</em> of 80.97 %. The device further demonstrates enhanced thermal stability, with improved temperature coefficients for voltage (−0.164 %K⁻¹), current (−3.85 × 10⁻⁶ %K⁻¹), and power (−0.183 %K⁻¹), outperforming baseline models and silicon references. Comparative benchmarking confirms the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. This work not only advances predictive modeling of tandem photovoltaics but also offers actionable insights for overcoming interfacial and optical bottlenecks, paving the way for next-generation high-performance solar technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced thermal models of photovoltaic modules by electrical operating conditions dependency","authors":"Giuseppe Marco Tina ,&nbsp;Amr Osama ,&nbsp;Antonio Gagliano ,&nbsp;Gaetano Mannino ,&nbsp;Francisco José Munoz-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Gabino Jiménez-Castillo","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems poses challenges to the reliability and adequacy of power systems. To support grid stability, PV systems must evolve to be capable of providing frequency regulation and reserve services—including not only down frequency reserve but also up reserve. This latter service requires PV modules to operate away from their maximum power point (MPP), a condition that requires an enhancement in PV module thermal behavior assessment. Consequently, there is a growing need for advanced thermal models that account for electrical operating conditions to ensure accurate temperature prediction under all operating scenarios. While traditional thermal models primarily depend on meteorological inputs, they typically neglect the Electrical Operating Status (EOS). Overlooking this issue can lead to significant prediction errors—up to 5–7 °C—especially during operation away from MPP. The proposed investigation developed an enhanced thermal model incorporating EOS dependency by including the ratio of measured current to the calculated current at MPP as an additional input. Two cases of the Faiman and Sandia models were optimized using Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, non-linear least squares, and polynomial regression. Optimization is performed using three identical PV systems operating under reference EOS conditions: open circuit, short circuit, and MPP. Results demonstrate that EOS-integrated models significantly improve temperature prediction accuracy. The EOS sensitive models achieved prediction errors as low as 0.1–1.13 % and R² values above 0.91, outperforming traditional models that exhibited errors from 2 to 29 %. These findings support the need for EOS-aware thermal modelling in modern PV system design and operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113925"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart tunable colorful thermal emitter based on In3SbTe2 for all-season thermal management","authors":"Xiang Song ,&nbsp;Xueying Xia ,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving thermal management is critical for boosting energy utilization efficiency. IST (In₃SbTe₂), a phase change material with non-volatile switching and wide modulability, enables dynamic thermal control. Herein, we introduce a five-layer thin-film modulatable thermal emitter based on IST, designed to integrate daytime solar heat collection and nighttime radiative cooling. The average absorptivity in the solar band (0.3–2.5 μm) reaches 0.8 in the amorphous state of this emitter, and the average emissivity at the atmospheric window (3–5 μm, 8–14 μm) is 0.23 and 0.13, respectively; in the crystalline state, the emissivity at the atmospheric window rises to 0.5 and 0.92, which enables the efficient realization of day and night thermal management. Adjusting ZnS thickness allows vivid, angle-stable coloration for architectural and camouflage uses. The emitter maintains stable emissivity under wide-angle incidence and varying refractive conditions, ensuring adaptability. Under AM1.5 illumination, it achieves over 80 % solar absorption with strong photothermal conversion, and net radiative cooling power reaches 70.37 W m⁻² at zero temperature difference. Adding a solar reflector reduces amorphous-state emissivity (0.19 at 3–5 μm, 0.22 at 8–14 μm) and crystalline-state solar absorptivity (0.3 at 0.3–2.5 μm), while increasing crystalline emissivity (0.55 at 3–5 μm, 0.89 at 8–14 μm), enabling daytime cooling and nighttime insulation. Finally, we performed simulations for typical application scenarios in reality and concluded that the proposed thermal emitter has good solar energy absorption, radiation cooling, and thermal insulation. In summary, the thermal emitter shows promising potential for efficiently utilizing and converting all-season energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113939"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of melting range on delamination process and recycling potential of photovoltaic encapsulants","authors":"Asier Murillo ,&nbsp;Alicia Buceta ,&nbsp;Antonio Urbina ,&nbsp;Jaione Bengoechea","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we introduce a method to evaluate the disassembly potential of photovoltaic (PV) modules by quantifying the force required to separate their constituent layers. Specifically, we conducted delamination tests on single-cell photovoltaic modules, focusing on three polymeric encapsulants: on the one hand, the cross-linked encapuslant Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) and Polyolefin Elastomer (POE); on the other hand, the noncross-linked Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO). The objective was to demonstrate that delamination force significantly decreases at temperatures exceeding the polymer’s melting range, as determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Therefore, delamination was performed at various temperatures using a blade to separate the glass from the remaining layers. The results indicate that, beyond the melting range, the delamination force decreases markedly for all three encapsulants. Furthermore, TPO exhibited the lowest delamination strength, followed by EVA and POE, with the latter two requiring similar forces once their melting ranges were exceeded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113884"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverted p/n InGaAs-based thermophotovoltaic converters via control of Zn out-diffusion from InP layers","authors":"Aitana Cano,&nbsp;Pablo Martín,&nbsp;Ignacio Rey-Stolle,&nbsp;Iván García","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although inverted n/p InGaAs cells have achieved record performance for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications, inverted p/n cells are also of interest for building high-density TPV modules and are required in thermophotovoltaic-thermionic (TIPV) systems to enable electron injection from the emitting cathode into the valence band of the TPV subcell. However, in these p/n cells, Zn out-diffusion from buried InP layers into the absorber structure severely degrades the electrical performance of the device. In this work, we describe our efforts to control the resulting Zn doping profile by strategically designing the Zn incorporation during the epitaxial growth of the structure. Electrical performance comparable to that of the reference inverted n/p cell at low current densities was achieved. However, even with our best results, performance at high irradiance levels remains limited. Simulations attribute this limitation to potential barriers in the valence band, which restrict the performance of these inverted p/n cells even in the absence of Zn diffusion, highlighting an intrinsic challenge in matching the performance of inverted n/p cell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113927"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bi-layered closed-pore structure anti-reflective coatings with ZnO quantum dots for further improving the solar cell efficiency","authors":"Ze Fang,&nbsp;Qing Chen,&nbsp;Junjie Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance light utilization in the 300–400 nm wavelength band of bi-layered closed-pore structure anti-reflective coatings (BLCP ARCs) on the glass surface of photovoltaic (PV) modules, thereby boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells, ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were incorporated into the bottom layer of the BLCP ARCs. The optimized BLCP ARCs with ZnO QDs achieved a peak transmittance of 99.00 % at 560 nm and an average of 95.82 % in the 400–1200 nm wavelength range. The BLCP ARCs with ZnO QDs can improve the PCE by 7.39 %, while those without ZnO only enhance the efficiency by 6.60 %. The result indicates that an additional 0.79% of the PCE can be attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption facilitated by the ZnO QDs in the BLCP ARCs. Moreover, the BLCP ARCs with ZnO QDs exhibited excellent abrasion resistance, acid resistance, and a pencil hardness of 3H. This research presents a novel approach to further enhancing the PCE of PV modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macroencapsulation and in-situ formed Al-Cu-Si ternary alloy phase change materials for high-temperature heat storage","authors":"Yeku Wang ,&nbsp;Shengkui Wang ,&nbsp;Takahiro Nomura ,&nbsp;Ade Kurniawan ,&nbsp;Rochim Bakti Cahyono ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Rao ,&nbsp;Nan Sheng ,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum alloys hold great promise for high - temperature thermal storage, thanks to their high latent heat density and thermal conductivity. However, leakage and corrosion issues act as significant constraints on their practical application. This study developed Al-Cu-Si@Al₂O₃ macrocapsules via in-situ powder alloying and direct encapsulation. Al, Cu and Si powders at certain proportion were mixed to create the ternary alloy phase change core sphere, which was then coated with Al₂O₃ ceramic shell layer containing MgO sintering additives. A two-step sintering formation process was used to prepare the Al-Cu-Si@Al₂O₃ macrocapsules with cavities between the shell and core. Thermal physical tests were conducted on PCMs with different Al-Cu-Si mass ratios. The results showed that the phase change temperature and latent heat capacity of 65Al-30Cu-5Si were 521.2 °C and 348.2 J/g, respectively. Isostatic compression (200 MPa) enhanced thermal storage density, achieving 308 J/g and 749 J/cm³ between 500 and 600 °C. Post 200 thermal cycles in air, the macrocapsules maintained structural integrity without performance degradation. This design combines high energy density, thermal stability, and corrosion resistance, demonstrating potential applications in industrial high-temperature thermal storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113941"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal- hydraulic performance optimization of PV panel cooling via aluminum - Modified ground heat exchanger under Iraqi climate conditions","authors":"Ahmed Ameen Ali ,&nbsp;lltifat Lazim Edan ,&nbsp;Baydaa Adnan Hussein ,&nbsp;Hasan Talib Hashim ,&nbsp;Murtadha D. Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) systems operate more inefficiently at higher temperatures due to the high level of solar irradiance. In the current study, using ground heat exchangers (GHEs) is investigated as a strategy to reduce the temperature of PV panel surfaces and enhance the efficiency of PV panels. The limitation of this approach lies in the limited heat transfer ability of the soil surrounding the ground heat exchangers (GHEs), due to the low thermal conductivity of natural soil. To address this shortcoming, the thermal conductivity of the soil can be enhanced by adding powdered aluminium (Al) to improve its thermo-conductivity properties, as aluminium exhibits excellent thermo-conductivity qualities. The authors investigated various ratios of aluminium mixing, ranging from 10 % to 30 %. ANSYS Fluent was used to run the simulation of the typical summer conditions in Iraq with solar irradiance varying between 200 W/m² and 1000 W/m², ambient temperature between 30 °C and 48 °C and mass flow ranges varying between 0.005 and 0.02 kg/s developed five flows scenarios. Evaluation of each case was done between 8.00 and 17.00 to capture the PV performance in a day, to identify the impact on surface temperature, electrical efficiency, pumping power, and thermal-hydraulic performance factor (THPF). This investigation examined the performance comparison between aluminium-enhanced GHE systems and those of uncooled PV panels, water-spray-cooled panels (PV-W), standard GHEs (PV-GHE), and modified systems with varying aluminium contents (PV-GHE-AL). In PV-GHE-AL-30 %, the highest cooling system thermal efficiency was achieved, along with the lowest thermal surface temperature of 44 °C, compared to the reference PV panel at 1000 W/m², coupled with a 22.7 % higher electrical efficiency. The findings confirm that aluminium powder is effective in enhancing the soil performance of photovoltaic cooling systems using GHE technology at a constant drop in pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113942"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the application of anti-reflective self-cleaning technology in photovoltaic panels","authors":"Ruling Huang,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhou,&nbsp;Qichen Lu,&nbsp;Lin Hu,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Bo Hu,&nbsp;Lichuang Wang,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) power generation approaches the theoretical limit. The impact of external factors such as environmental conditions on component efficiency and power station capacity has gradually become more significant. The deposition of dust on the surface of panels in PV power generation systems significantly impacts both the efficiency and lifespan of PV modules. Compared with traditional manual cleaning and machine flushing, anti-reflection self-cleaning technology has advantages in improving light transmittance, reducing cleaning frequency, decreasing water consumption, extending component service life, and improving power generation efficiency. Herein, this review analyzes the basic principles, preparation processes, influencing factors and existing challenges of anti-reflection self-cleaning technology from the perspective of industrial application. Meanwhile, some suggestions for the large-scale industrial implementation of this technology are also proposed to address the operation and maintenance needs of PV power stations. We hope that this review can provide feasible ideas for fast promoting the large-scale industrial applications of anti-reflective self-cleaning technology in PV panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113920"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of waste biomass-derived carbon dots as sustainable electrolytes for Vis-NIR modulation of electrochromic devices","authors":"Medhen W. Abebe ,&nbsp;Pramod V. Rathod ,&nbsp;Anteneh F. Baye,&nbsp;Hern Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon dots (CDs) have demonstrated outstanding capability in enhancing redox reactions as both electrode and electrolyte modifiers in electrochromic devices (ECDs). However, although biomass-derived carbon dots provide low toxicity, low cost, intrinsic doping, and high stability, they remain insufficiently explored despite the existence of various synthesis methods and sources. Herein, we report the excellent electrolytic activity of carbon dots from coffee waste (CWCD), orange peel (ORCD), spent hibiscus flower (HICD), and red onion peel (ROCD) prepared via a simple bottom-up method. Rich surface functional sites and well-balanced sp²-carbon domains enabled excellent ionic conductivity in the ECDs, resulting in impressive color switching performance. The carbon dot derived from orange peels (ORCD) exhibited the highest performance among all samples. A high optical contrast (ΔT) of 94.9 % and 92.6 % was obtained under 6 s in the visible and near infrared (NIR) region, respectively. In addition, it exhibits a high coloration efficiency (CE) of 150 cm²C^-1, which is comparable to and even higher than other reported electrolyte materials. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed complete and reversible redox activity of the viologen species, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that ORCD had the lowest charge transfer resistance. Additionally, all devices demonstrated robust cyclic stability over 500 cycles. These results highlight the potential of biomass-derived CDs, particularly ORCD, as efficient electrolyte materials for high-performance and sustainable electrochromic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 113921"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}