Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Experimental comparison and 6E analyses of double-ended evacuated tube collector based atmospheric water harvesting with and without PCM","authors":"Anshu Agrawal,&nbsp;Amit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, there is scarcity of fresh water resources, and existing water harvesting systems face various limitations, including the inability to operate at night, requiring high desorption temperature, and yielding limited amount of water. To tackle these challenges, a novel atmospheric water harvesting system is developed and compared experimentally with and without the use of phase change material (PCM). To generate hot air, the system consists of a 4.86 m² double-ended evacuated tube collector solar air heater and integrates an independent air-cooled condenser for vapor condensation. The system's performance is evaluated through 6E analyses of energy, exergy, environmental, economic, exergo-economic, and enviro-economic factors using silica gel and molecular sieve desiccants. The PCM-encapsulated system with silica gel reports peak thermal, overall and exergy efficiency of 30.06 %, 9.71 %, and 7.98 %, respectively, with maximum fresh water yield of 4.25 L/day at a cost of 0.11 $/L. Whereas, the system without PCM outperforms with molecular sieve having same parameters of 18.27 %, 10.21 %, and 2.84 %, respectively, with maximum fresh water yield of 4.40 L/day at a cost of 0.092 $/L. The PCM-encapsulated system using silica gel is eco-friendly by mitigating 37.31 tons of <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>₂</mo></mrow></math></span> at a sustainability index of 1.09, while the system using molecular sieve without PCM is eco-friendly by mitigating 34.23 tons of <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>₂</mo></mrow></math></span> at a sustainability index of 1.03. Further, the harvested water from both the designed systems reports to be safe for domestic and commercial use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric-field-induced aging dynamics of triple-cation lead iodide perovskite at nanoscale","authors":"Nikita A. Emelianov ,&nbsp;Victoria V. Ozerova ,&nbsp;Yuri S. Fedotov ,&nbsp;Elena V. Shchurik ,&nbsp;Nikita A. Slesarenko ,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Zhidkov ,&nbsp;Eugeniy V. Golosov ,&nbsp;Rasim R. Saifutyarov ,&nbsp;Lyubov A. Frolova ,&nbsp;Pavel A. Troshin","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we report the nanoscale cations dynamics in Cs_0.1MA_0.15FA_0.75PbI₃ films during the electric-field-induced aging process using infrared scattering scanning near-field microscopy (IR s-SNOM) combined with a series of complementary analytical techniques such as PL-microscopy, SEM/EDX and ToF-SIMS. The revealed major field-induced aging pathways are related to the anodic oxidation of I⁻ and the cathodic reduction of MA⁺ and FA⁺, which finally result in the depletion of organic species in the device channel and the formation of metallic lead. FA⁺ cations show significantly higher stability with respect to electrochemical reduction as compared to MA⁺ cations. Formamidinium cations are preserved on the surface of the near-cathode film area even after 40 days of the 1 V/μm field exposure, while MA⁺ cations demonstrate complete decomposition after 24 days. The obtained results demonstrate that IR s-SNOM represents a powerful technique for studying the spatially resolved field-induced degradation dynamics of hybrid perovskite absorbers and the identification of more promising materials resistant to the electric field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113305"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of high performance sub-millimetric InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells","authors":"Corentin Jouanneau ,&nbsp;Thomas Bidaud ,&nbsp;Paul Ferreol ,&nbsp;Benjamin Breton ,&nbsp;Gwenaelle Hamon ,&nbsp;Maxime Darnon","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-Concentrator photovoltaics modules promise to overcome the limitations of CPV such as thermal losses or resistive losses. Miniaturization involves new challenges in the field of cells fabrication, particularly the management of perimeter recombinations. In this paper, sub-millimetric InGaP/InGaAs/Ge solar cells with high performances are fabricated. We report record open circuit voltage of 2.39 V and 2.28 V for cells with mesa area of 0.25 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and 0.04 mm<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> respectively, indicating excellent sidewall passivation. Individual assessment of sub-cells non-radiative losses indicates that the top cell is the most impacted by perimeter recombinations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic and reaction kinetic responses of CaO/CaCO3 carbonation in bubbling fluidized bed reactors for thermochemical energy storage: Influence of CO2 mole fraction, grain size, and reactor dimensions","authors":"Xiaodie Guo,&nbsp;Wenkai Cu,&nbsp;Qianru Liu,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhou,&nbsp;Jinjia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CaO/CaCO₃ thermochemical energy storage system offers a promising method for the efficient utilization of solar energy. However, the reactor design remains underdeveloped. In this study, the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model is employed to systematically investigate the effects of CO₂ mole fraction, particle size, and reactor dimensions on the carbonation process in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Increasing the CO₂ mole fraction from 50 % to 80 % reduces the duration of the chemical-reaction-kinetics controlled stage from 118.5 s to 65.3 s, and the transition stage from 64.6 s to 36.7 s, with minimal impact on the final conversion rate. High CO₂ concentrations cause insufficient bed fluidization and uneven local conversion rate distribution within the bed. As the grain size increases from 150 nm to 300 nm and 600 nm, the duration of the chemical-reaction-kinetics controlled stage decreases from 118.5 s to 104.0 s and 76.2 s, respectively. This causes the reaction to enter the transition phase earlier, ultimately leading to a reduction in the maximum conversion rate. Altering the height and width of the reactor does not significantly impact the conversion processes within the reactor. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimization and practical industrial application of efficient reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing bifacial PV performance: The impact of reflectors and free space luminescent solar concentrators on winter yield","authors":"Anne Rikhof,&nbsp;Shweta S Pal,&nbsp;Leonie M Horst,&nbsp;Jelle Westerhof,&nbsp;Rebecca Saive","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we present a novel solar energy harvesting system incorporating free-space luminescent solar concentrators (FSLSCs) integrated with bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules. The FSLSC design features a luminophore-doped waveguide, an angle- and wavelength-selective notch filter, and a Lambertian reflector, enabling efficient photon recycling. Unlike traditional luminescent solar concentrators, the FSLSC aims to emit photons into free space within a defined emission cone, enhancing light redirection towards PV modules. We developed a three-dimensional ray tracing model to analyze system performance, including different reflector configurations and emission cones. The study focuses on optimizing energy yield in urban settings, particularly during winter months, by examining the effects of diffuse and specular reflectors, and various FSLSC configurations. Our results demonstrate that FSLSCs can enhance winter energy production in the Netherlands by up to 60 %, compared to a conventional optimal tilt monofacial system. The findings highlight the potential of FSLSCs and specialized reflectors to increase PV system efficiency and offer flexible solutions for improving energy yield throughout the year, particularly during periods of high demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solution-processed tungsten diselenide as an inorganic hole transport material for moisture-stable perovskite solar cells in the n-i-p architecture","authors":"Sujan Aryal ,&nbsp;Anand B. Puthirath ,&nbsp;Brendan Jones ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz S.R. Bati ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Thomas Mather ,&nbsp;Pulickel M. Ajayan ,&nbsp;Edward H. Sargent ,&nbsp;Anupama B. Kaul","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some of the obstacles to the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are their long-term moisture stability and material cost of the constituent layers, such as the commonly used spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer (HTL). Replacing the spiro-OMeTAD with low-cost inorganic hole transport materials (HTMs) are important to further elevate the attractiveness of PSCs for commercialization. Perovskite-compatible, solution-exfoliated two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are being considered as viable candidates for inorganic HTMs. We consider one such TMDC, WSe₂ which was chemically exfoliated using dichlorobenzene (DCB), a perovskite-compatible solvent, as it was integrated with triple cation perovskite absorbers within the solar cell stack. The WSe₂ HTL required heat treatment processes to be maintained below 100 °C in order to preserve the integrity of the underlying perovskite; despite this lower temperature post treatment process, the structural morphology of the film revealed its dense and pinhole-free nature. Temperature-dependent transport studies conducted on the WSe₂ film provided evidence of its semiconducting character and its ability to extract holes well from the underlying triple-cation Cs_0.05FA_0.79MA_0.16PbI_2.45Br_0.55 absorber. The inorganic HTL offered better environmental stability in moisture-rich environments of up to 60 % relative humidity, in comparison to spiro-OMeTAD HTL-based devices which degraded faster as a result of pinholes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface photovoltage spectroscopy for texture and passivation processes monitoring in black silicon solar cells","authors":"Carlos Ramos ,&nbsp;A. Maelo Ferrer ,&nbsp;G. Santana ,&nbsp;C. Calvo Mola ,&nbsp;M. Chaviano ,&nbsp;Daniel Fonseca ,&nbsp;Y. González ,&nbsp;A. Ruediger ,&nbsp;O. de Melo ,&nbsp;M. Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper deals with the use of Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy (SPS) as a monitoring technique to optimize the manufacturing process of black silicon (B-Si) based solar cells. The results of the application of the SPV to study different texturization (surface micro/nano texturing) and passivation schemes in black silicon-based solar cells are presented. It is shown how the SPV signal is sensitive to different procedures such as conventional alkaline chemical etching and a subsequent treatment to obtain B-Si. So, the effect on the SPV signal of the use of different metals (Ag and Cu) as catalyst in the nanotexturing processing (by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching), as well as different plasma pressures during the passivating annealing in ammonia atmosphere were explored. The magnitude of the SPV signal after passivation was found to be indicative of the final performance of the solar cell without the need of metal contacts deposition. Result obtained by SPV measurements were correlated with the lifetimes of minority carrier measured using a commercial lifetime tester and with those obtained by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM). The presented results indicate how SPV can be used for quality control purposes at any stage of solar cell fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the degradation mechanisms in silicon heterojunction solar cells under accelerated damp-heat testing","authors":"Xinyuan Wu ,&nbsp;Xutao Wang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Lv ,&nbsp;Hao Song ,&nbsp;Yuanjie Yu ,&nbsp;Chandany Sen ,&nbsp;Yuhao Cheng ,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Khan ,&nbsp;Alison Ciesla ,&nbsp;Tao Xu ,&nbsp;Guangchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Bram Hoex","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells have become one of the mainstream solar cells in the current photovoltaic market due to their high efficiency. Still, concerns about their long-term reliability are seen as a potential issue restricting further marketisation. In particular, the sensitivity of silicon heterojunction solar cells to high temperatures and moisture is a concern. Sodium (Na) in combination with humidity is widely considered one of the causes of degradation in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms behind Na-induced decay remains lacking. This study will investigate humidity-induced degradation of industrial SHJ solar cells at elevated temperatures using various sodium-containing salts [sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃)] to improve our fundamental understanding of Na-induced degradation. We will show that SHJ solar cells exposed to NaHCO₃ and NaCl show a significant reduction in efficiency, while solar cells exposed to NaNO₃ show minimal degradation. Further analysis indicates that NaHCO₃ may interact with the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer, leading to a reduction in surface passivation and a deterioration of the metal-TCO interface. NaCl primarily affects the Ag contact, resulting in a reduction of the adhesion of the screen-printed contact. Moreover, the TCO composition, particularly the oxygen content, influences its chemical tolerance. These results show that Na-related degradation is more complicated than initially thought. The chemistry is strongly influenced by the negative ions, as well as the composition of TCO and metal paste. These factors are determined by the bill of materials and the contaminants introduced during cell/module fabrication and operation of the SHJ module. The findings of this paper may lead to the development of new accelerated testing protocols for SHJ technology to ascertain long-term reliability in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 113325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-precision machine learning for predicting latent heat in diverse multicomponent molten salts","authors":"Xue-meng Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-dan Tao ,&nbsp;Guan-chen Dong ,&nbsp;Shuai-yu Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Miao ,&nbsp;Hong-liang Ding ,&nbsp;Jing Lv ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Jin ,&nbsp;Ling-hua Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molten salts in phase change materials offer significant advantages, including high thermal storage density, a wide operational temperature range, and low cost. However, the development of novel high-latent-heat molten salts remains largely empirical. Machine learning offers the potential to expedite theoretical advancements and enable precise, cost-efficient performance predictions. Nonetheless, the diversity of molten salt s complicates the accuracy and generalizability of machine learning models. This study proposes a novel latent heat prediction methodology that integrates data analysis and machine learning. A comprehensive dataset encompassing various inorganic salts was systematically analyzed to extract key features influencing latent heat. Subsequently, a predictive model was constructed by combining a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The PSO-BPNN model demonstrated high predictive accuracy, achieving R² values of 0.9389 and 0.9413 for binary and ternary molten salts, respectively, with experimental validation indicating prediction errors within 10 %. This approach establishes a high-precision, scalable framework for predicting the latent heat of multicomponent molten salts, thereby advancing the design of salts with tailored thermal properties and offering a valuable reference for predicting other thermophysical characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 113328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photo-thermal conversion in phase change materials by Cu-Zn Bi-metallic metal-organic framework and expanded graphite","authors":"Jianbo Ren ,&nbsp;Tao Hu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Wenhui Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2024.113326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal phase change materials (PCM) are employed for the efficient conversion and storage of solar energy. In this work, a Cu-Zn bi-metallic metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and combined with expanded graphite (EG), followed by high-temperature carbonization to prepare the supporting material for polyethylene glycol (PEG). Through the high-temperature carbonization process, nano-metallic copper is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the EG, accompanied by the formation of a new porous structure resulting from the evaporation of Zn vapour. The nano metallic copper particles enhance the thermal conductivity and photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the composite PCM, while the porous structure generated by Zn vapour improves the adsorption capacity of PEG. The composite PCM demonstrated a high phase change enthalpy of 174.6 J/g and excellent thermal reliability, with only a 2.29 % reduction in enthalpy after 200 melting-freezing cycles. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM reached 6.096 W/(m·K) which is 26.1 times higher than that of pure PEG, while the photo-thermal conversion efficiency achieved was 88.69 %. These properties indicate that the PEG/EG/Cu-Zn-MOF derived carbon composite PCM has great potential for applications in solar energy storage and conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 113326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}