Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of thermal energy conversion in twin wedge solar stills using graphene nano-coated absorber and nano-composite PCM","authors":"Vijayakumar Rajendran ,&nbsp;Wesley Jeevadason Aruldoss ,&nbsp;Prashant A. Athavale ,&nbsp;Ramanan Pichandi ,&nbsp;N.P. Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the thermal energy conversion efficiency of solar stills is still a key challenge to accelerating clean and sustainable desalination technologies to combat worldwide water scarcity. In this paper, an innovative Twin Wedge Solar Still (TWSS) design is experimentally investigated with two new modifications: (i) a graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-coated absorber plate to increase solar absorption, and (ii) a mixed nano-composite phase change material (nPCM) based on aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and graphene oxide (GO) for enhanced thermal energy storage. This coupled combination has not been used previously for TWSS applications. The new system exhibits improved performance by enhancing solar absorptivity, thermal conductivity, and storage capacity, resulting in a cumulative productivity of 6.133 L/m²/day. The developed modified system shows 139.4 %, 153.2 %, and 230.7 % greater productivity, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency compared to the existing TWSS. The evaporative heat transfer rate becomes almost double (235.89 W/m²K compared to 99.15 W/m²K), and the economic cost of distilled water decreases to $0.012/L from $0.024/L for the traditional system. The outcomes verify that the integration of the proposed GNP-coated absorber and GO-Al₂O₃-based nPCM provides a new and economical path to enhance solar desalination performance, making it a promising strategy for sustainable freshwater production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ grown benzotrithiophene-containing covalent organic framework film for dual-responsive visible-to-near infrared electrochromic and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromic smart windows","authors":"Bhushan Kishor Nandre ,&nbsp;Sayan Halder ,&nbsp;Sasanka Dalapati ,&nbsp;Asim Bhaumik ,&nbsp;Chanchal Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted massive interest because of their exceptional mechanical robustness, high surface area, tunable porosity, and intrinsic crystallinity, making them ideal for electrochemical devices. Precisely, low bandgap redox active COFs with π-conjugation and a donor-acceptor (D-A) nature are suitable for electrochromism across the visible to near-infrared (NIR) range. Herein, a conjugated D-A type COF, BTTh-Tz-COF, was synthesized via a one-pot condensation reaction and grown <em>in-situ</em> thin film on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass, overcoming the typical limitations of <em>ex-situ</em> COF film formation. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) exposed high crystallinity of BTTh-Tz-COF with a sharp peak at 2θ = 4.32°, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis confirmed a surface area of 819 m²/g with a microporous nature. The fabricated solid-state electrochromic device (ECD) exhibited reversible multicolor EC response, covering yellow to orange to reddish-brown under +1.7 V and +2.5 V, attributed to oxidation of imine and BTTh moieties. The ECD revealed high coloration efficiencies of 768.4 cm²/C at 700 nm and 491.7 cm²/C at 1000 nm, and fast switching (∼5 s) in both visible and NIR ranges. Furthermore, the BTTh-Tz-COF film efficiently blocked 67 % of solar irradiation and disclosed low power consumption, making it appropriate for smart window applications. The device also showed reversible electrofluorochromism (EFC), where bright yellow fluorescence of the film was quenched at +2.5 V and recovered at −0.9 V. This study demonstrates the development of a robust, dual-functional COF film for next-generation energy-efficient EC and EFC smart windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113979"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron beam crosslinked PVA/PAM/GO/SA hydrogel for high-efficiency solar desalination: Synergistic design and performance optimization","authors":"Mitra Tavakoli,&nbsp;Fatemeh Zare","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the global freshwater scarcity challenge, this study presents a photothermal hydrogel composite composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM), graphene oxide (GO), and silica aerogel (SA), fabricated using electron-beam (e-beam) crosslinking as a clean and additive-free process. Material characterization methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), contact angle analysis, swelling behavior, and compressive loading, demonstrated the formation of a structurally resilient, anisotropic hydrogel with uniform nanomaterial dispersion and an asymmetric wettability gradient. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to maximize the evaporation rates in saline systems by optimizing the concentration of GO and SA in the second cycle under saline conditions. The optimized condition with 0.3 % (w/v) GO and 1.4 % (w/v) SA delivered one-sun–normalized evaporation rates of 1.54 ± 0.02 kgm⁻²h⁻¹ in the distilled water and 1.50 ± 0.03 kg m⁻²h⁻¹ in the saline water under ambient sunlight. GO incorporation enhanced photothermal absorption and improved the mechanical stability of the hydrogel matrix, while SA provided buoyancy and helped limit heat loss. The hydrogel retained structural strength under load, demonstrated high water uptake, and enabled sustained surface heating. These synergistic features supported stable and efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation. E-beam irradiation is a scalable and green crosslinking process that avoids toxic chemical additives required in conventional chemical crosslinkers. This work demonstrates a practical, stable, lightweight, high efficiency polymer hydrogel platform for solar desalination, supporting deployment in energy-limited settings and contributing to sustainable freshwater production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113980"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using thin AZO layers coupled with SiNx:H as a way to decrease Indium consumption in SHJ cells and modules","authors":"Tristan Gageot ,&nbsp;Frédéric Jay ,&nbsp;Jordi Veirman ,&nbsp;David Muñoz-Rojas","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we investigate the possibility of replacing Indium-rich transparent conductive oxides (TCO) with previously untested thin aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers (50–30 nm) as a way to remove Indium in SHJ solar cells and modules. In order to maintain optical properties and possibly to increase the damp heat reliability of the modules using those thin AZO layers, optically optimized SiN_x:H capping layers were used. The AZO deposition conditions were fine-tuned (varying the gas flows), and the best AZO/SiN_x:H combinations were then selected based on the output of optical simulations, fed with characterization results. On the front side, when deposited on the classical (n) a-Si:H selective layers, the thinner AZO layers yielded lower FF due to higher contact resistivity as well as higher R_sheet. However, when deposited on (n) nc-Si:H, the contact resistivity was drastically lowered, allowing cells with 30 nm AZO layers to achieve comparable efficiencies as the cells incorporating ITO layers both at cell (22.88 %) and module (21.67 %) scale. On the rear side, the AZO layers yielded −0.5 %_abs efficiency losses compared to the reference cells, due to both FF and J_sc losses. Reliability tests in damp heat environment (up to 1000 h) were conducted and showed that on the front side, thinner AZO layers show increased sensibility to humidity, and that SiN_x:H layers increase the degradation. On the rear side, AZO layers suffer less from humidity degradation, and the resistance is enhanced with a 10 nm ITO capping layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolyzed moringa seed-based photothermal absorber for enhanced solar interfacial evaporation","authors":"Maryam Nooman AlMallahi ,&nbsp;Sara Maen Asaad ,&nbsp;Mohamed Dafalla ,&nbsp;Yaser Al Swailmeen ,&nbsp;Abrar Inayat ,&nbsp;Mohamed Y.E. Selim ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elgendi","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing cost-effective photothermal materials for solar-driven water evaporation is essential for attaining high evaporation rates with simplicity and affordability, particularly in arid regions. However, the preparation of photothermal materials involves the use of costly materials and complex synthesis procedures, which may limit scalability. This study presents a twofold objective: the use of biomass-based materials as photothermal absorbers and a straightforward preparation method that eliminates the need for costly and complex processes.</div><div>The biochar production was optimized at 41.4 % yield when pyrolyzed at 300 °C for 60 min.</div><div>The resulting biochar moringa seeds (BMS) were used as a photothermal absorber in the interfacial solar evaporation system. BMS demonstrated impressive water evaporation performance, achieving an evaporation rate of 6.72 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ at steady state under infrared light, which represents a 72.75 % improvement compared to untreated cotton (UC). Meanwhile, the moringa seed (MS) and UC cases demonstrated evaporation rates of 4.24 and 3.89 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ at steady state, respectively. In terms of thermal performance, the dry BMS case reached a temperature peak of ∼134 °C within 6 min, but the wet BMS reached ∼78.5 °C after 20 min of illumination. This study underscores a sustainable and efficient approach to solar-driven water evaporation by utilizing biomass materials, offering practical applications in water-scarce and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and plasmonic Au nanoparticles in anatase-brookite TiO2 for efficient solar-driven 2-methylbenzimidazole and hydrogen Co-production","authors":"Hamza El-Hosainy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Esmat ,&nbsp;Said El-Sheikh ,&nbsp;Amer Hakki ,&nbsp;Esmail Doustkhah ,&nbsp;Rafat Tahawy ,&nbsp;Adel A. Ismail ,&nbsp;Haitham M. El-Bery ,&nbsp;Wipakorn Jevasuwan ,&nbsp;Naoki Fukata ,&nbsp;Yusuke Ide ,&nbsp;Maged El-Kemary ,&nbsp;Detlef Bahnemann","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, TiO₂ heterostructures with anatase and brookite phases, as well as oxygen vacancies, were synthesized using a modified sol-gel method and a heat treatment process. Subsequently, Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) were deposited onto TiO₂ through photo-deposition. Detailed structural and chemical analyses verified the successful creation of anatase-brookite phases, efficient incorporation of Au NPs, and strong interactions between the Au NPs and the oxygen vacancies on the TiO₂ surface. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from the Au NPs, indicating enhanced light absorption properties. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Au-TiO₂ composites was evaluated under solar light irradiation for the conversion of o-phenylenediamine to 2-methylbenzimidazole and hydrogen (H₂) production. Notably, the 2 % Au-TiO₂ catalyst achieved a remarkable 99.7 % conversion rate of o-phenylenediamine, with 90 % selectivity toward 2-methylbenzimidazole and the highest H₂ production rate within 9 h, significantly outperforming 2 % Au/UV100 (commercial TiO₂), 2 % Pd/TiO₂, and pure TiO₂. This enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to increased surface acidity (from both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites), efficient charge separation, increased photocurrent, reduced charge transfer resistance and the synergistic interactions between Au NPs and surface oxygen vacancies in TiO₂. These findings highlight the potential of Au-TiO₂ heterostructures for advancing solar-driven catalytic applications, promoting both clean energy generation and efficient organic transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Al concentration on the phase composition of typical impurities during industrial silicon smelting","authors":"Yaopan Hu ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Chen ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma ,&nbsp;Jijun Wu ,&nbsp;Junyu Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the industrial silicon refining process, impurities can affect the selectivity and activity of organic silicon monomer synthesis. This study utilized the simplified molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) alongside actual production data and samples to investigate the effects of different aluminum concentrations on typical impurity phases in industrial silicon. et al. concentrations of 1500–1600 ppmw, the Si₇Al₈Fe₅ phase emerges. As the Al concentration increases to 1700 ppmw, the Si₂Al₃Fe phase forms. The FeSi₂, Si₈Al₆Fe₄Ca, and FeTiSi₂ phases are consistently present in industrial silicon. MIVM predictions indicate that the activities of Fe, Ti, and Ca increase with increasing Al concentration, consistent with the actual production trend. However, production data suggest that this correlation is limited under certain conditions. Moreover, MIVM is used to predict the interactions among impurities in industrial silicon. The effects of Al concentration on typical impurity phases in industrial silicon are elucidated using MIVM combined with actual production data. Proper control of Al concentration facilitates the efficient synthesis of organosilicon monomers, increases their yield, and reduces energy consumption. These findings provide a theoretical and technical basis for controlling impurities in organosilicon monomer synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113976"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Sb2Se3 thin-film solar cell performance via stepwise optimization of a TiO2/CdS-coupled buffer layer","authors":"Parag R. Patil ,&nbsp;Pravin S. Pawar ,&nbsp;Neha Bisht ,&nbsp;Rahul K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Vishesh Manjunath ,&nbsp;Indu Sharma ,&nbsp;Yong Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Eunjin Jo ,&nbsp;Anil V. Ghule ,&nbsp;Jaeyeong Heo","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, most of the high-performance Sb₂Se₃ thin film solar cells (TFSCs) are coupled with a cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, which has proven effective in enhancing device performance. However, lower bandgap (2.4 eV), presence of shunt paths, and high surface roughness of CdS contribute to optical losses, recombination losses, and carrier extraction inefficiencies in TFSCs. To mitigate these problems, this study introduces an additional cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) treatment step to modify pristine CdS films deposited via standard chemical bath deposition (CBD). Furthermore, a titanium dioxide (TiO₂) intermediate layer is introduced beneath the CdCl₂-treated CdS buffer layer, using a simple spin-coating technique, to form a TiO₂/CdS-coupled buffer layer. The hydrothermal growth of the Sb₂Se₃ light absorber over these buffer layers was optimized to fabricate efficient FTO/TiO₂/CdS/Sb₂Se₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structured solar cell devices. The fabricated devices with the pristine CdS, CdCl₂-treated CdS, and TiO₂/CdS (CdCl₂-treated) are denoted as BL1, BL2, and BL3, respectively. The optimized Sb₂Se₃ TFSC with BL3 reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.19 % which is significantly higher than the device with BL1 (PCE = ∼5.10 %). Furthermore, a surface topography conducted on buffer layers revealed the reduced roughness after CdCl₂ treatment and TiO₂ intermediate layer improved the interface quality. Additionally, the effect of the Sb₂Se₃ absorber thickness on the device performance was further investigated using the SCAPS-1D software tool. The champion devices with BL1 and BL2 retained ∼90 % of initial efficiency, meanwhile, the PCE of the device with BL3 improved when stored vacuum packed for 4 months.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-stirring-enhanced leaching and recovery of silver from retired photovoltaic cells using a green CuCl2-ChCl solvent system","authors":"Qunzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jijun Wu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Ma ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Chen ,&nbsp;Fengshuo Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing number of retired photovoltaic (PV) modules, their efficient recycling has emerged as a vital research focus. In this study, a green CuCl₂-ChCl solvent system was developed to recover silver (Ag) from retired photovoltaic modules. Ultrasonic intensification combined with mechanical stirring resulted in a high Ag leaching rate of 98.81 %. Kinetic analysis revealed that the Ag leaching process in the solvent system was controlled by a chemical reaction mechanism, with an apparent activation energy of 42.19 kJ/mol. An experimental model was established and optimized using response surface methodology to determine the optimal process parameters. The morphology and elemental distribution of samples before and after leaching were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. AgCl was formed using HCl and NaCl as chlorine sources and then reduced to metallic Ag by ascorbic acid. The reduction process yielded Ag powder with a recovery rate of 98.57 %. This study provides a sustainable and efficient approach for recycling Ag from retired PV modules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113975"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel quinoline-pyridine type viologens for near-infrared electrochromic devices","authors":"Yiying Han,&nbsp;Jiuzhou Cui,&nbsp;Xingxing Song,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;Haiwen Shi,&nbsp;Jian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, four novel viologen derivates (<strong>PTV</strong>, <strong>PTMV</strong>, <strong>TPTMV</strong> and <strong>FTPTMV</strong>) consisted of the similar backbone with one pyridine unit and one quinoline group were developed for all-in-one electrochromic devices. Different from the conventional viologens, four viologen derivates in this work showed stable transmittance and significant color changes throughout the electrochromic process. Under the stimulation of external voltage, the four derivatives can show changes from colorless to dark yellow-green. Specially, <strong>PTMV</strong>, <strong>TPTMV</strong> and <strong>FTPTMV</strong> with bulky and rigid moiety (norcamphor or camphor) demonstrated efficient near-infrared (NIR) electrochromic performance around 890 nm, involving high optical contrast over 90 %, high coloration efficiency over 150 cm² C⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability (remaining over 90 % after 2000 switching cycles). In addition, it also demonstrated outstanding performance in testing large-area devices. This work provided an effective strategy to molecular design of viologen derivates for NIR electrochromic devices with potential application in smart windows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 113972"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}