Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"A transparent and flexible double-layer protective film composed of PVDF-TPU for efficient radiative cooling","authors":"Chao Shi ,&nbsp;Shengyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiongbo Yang ,&nbsp;Guiguang Qi ,&nbsp;Yiteng Tu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Hu ,&nbsp;Junxia Mao ,&nbsp;Yunqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Qiao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative cooling (RC) is a passive cooling technique that operates without requiring energy input, which can effectively alleviate the strain on car cooling systems caused by high temperatures during summer, particularly in the context of the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. A flexible transparent double-layer radiative cooling film based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) as car protective film is proposed in this work. The transparency of the PVDF-TPU (PT) film reaches 71 %, preserving the aesthetic appearance of the vehicle, while exhibiting an emissivity rate of 98 %. The outdoor cooling experiments conducted on a clear summer day in China Three Gorges University (Yichang city) resulted in a significant sub-ambient temperature reduction of 17.3 °C. Furthermore, the flexible PT double-layer film can be tailored and applied to precisely conform to the unique contours of each vehicle, effectively protecting its paint from potential scratches caused by external elements such as sand or branches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113546"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral splitting thermophotovoltaic systems using GaSb and InGaAs cells","authors":"Jiapeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lv ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Shao ,&nbsp;Liangliang Tang ,&nbsp;Yonghui Liu ,&nbsp;Yuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Ximeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells have garnered increasing attention due to their diverse range of potential applications. However, the efficiency of current TPV systems remains relatively low. It is widely recognized that a key solution to this issue lies in designing the radiation spectrum to match the spectral response of TPV cells. In this study, a novel approach is proposed to tune the spectrum of photons incident to the cells. By using a dichroic mirror, the photon flux is split into two spectral bands: high energy photons are directed onto 0.72eV-GaSb cells, while lower-energy photons are directed onto 0.59eV-InGaAs cells, which have a lower bandgap. The split-band TPV structure, based on broadband a selective emitter, is experimentally investigated. The experiments demonstrated that the spectrum-splitting system composed of these two cells, the peak power density improved by up to 59.6% at 1000°C source temperature, indicating that spectral splitting is an effective method to enhance the overall performance of TPV systems. Additionally, the design of a TPV prototype based on this spectrum-splitting system is proposed for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic hot corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels in binary nitrate-carbonate molten salts at 600°C","authors":"Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Cancan Zhang ,&nbsp;Lina Ma ,&nbsp;Yuting Wu ,&nbsp;Yuanwei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the compatibility of austenitic stainless steels, including AISI 304, AISI 316L and AISI 347H, with binary nitrate-carbonate molten salts at 600 °C, dynamic corrosion tests were carried out for 1000 h under different flow conditions. The corrosion rates of three types of stainless steels in nitrate salts were investigated using the weight loss method. The microstructures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to study the corrosion behavior of these steels. The results showed that, at a flow rate of 2 m/s, the corrosion rates (R_depth) of 304, 316L, and 347H stainless steels were 0.0217 mm/y, 0.0122 mm/y, and 0.0076 mm/y, respectively. The corrosion rates of these steels were 3.85, 3.4, and 2.2 times higher compared to static conditions, indicating that the increase in flow rate exacerbated the corrosion of stainless steel. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the primary corrosion products are iron oxides. Due to the presence of Cr and Ni in 316L stainless steel, it exhibits better corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel under dynamic conditions. Similarly, the addition of nickel and Nb in the composition of 347H stainless steel enhances its corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113533"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance simulation of an innovative wicks-based solar dome for desalination in NEOM","authors":"Hisham A. Maddah","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saudi Arabia's desalination demand is projected to increase by 1900% from 2014 to 2040, necessitating proposed innovative solutions for sustainable freshwater production. Here, the author simulated the performance of a “Solar Dome” modified with wicks and inner reflectors assisted by heliostat fields in the NEOM region from being benchmarked with similar systems of earlier experiments (i.e., Solapur and Kafr El-Shaikh). A comparison between a conventional system (N-Conv) with no inner reflectors and/or in-basin wicks and a reflectors-modified system (N-Ref) was established <em>via</em> various mathematical models. Simulation results showed a maximum of 3.2 L/m² <span><math><mrow><mo>∙</mo></mrow></math></span> h and 8 L/m² <span><math><mrow><mo>∙</mo></mrow></math></span> h for Solapur and NEOM, respectively, with a 2.5-fold increase in production from developing T_w = 85–95 °C. The integration of inner reflectors enhances heat transfer efficiency, yielding increases of 7.5-fold for the heat transfer coefficient (h_ewg), 1.5-fold for the convective heat transfer coefficient (h_cwg), and 1.4-fold for the radiative heat transfer coefficient (h_rwg). The N-Ref system reduces reliance on heliostats from 80% to 54%, indicating significant cost savings. The N-Ref can achieve up to 60% efficiency and a 226% productivity improvement, with daily freshwater yields ranging from 76 to 156 kL per dome. Productivity analysis shows that 68% of N-Conv operates between 1.9 and 9.3 kL/h, while N-Ref ranges from 3.3 to 15.8 kL/h, representing a 1.7-fold increase. To meet NEOM's freshwater needs for a population of 1 million by 2028, approximately 1393 domes would be required, with the N-Ref design improving the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) from 2.95 to 8.42. These findings affirm the study's potential to address future freshwater demands sustainably using 100% renewable energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal optimization of parabolic trough collector in solar powered ship using hybrid Oldroyd-B nanofluid: Artificial intelligence driven heuristics","authors":"Zeeshan Ikram Butt ,&nbsp;Iftikhar Ahmad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shoaib","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In today's quest for renewable energy solutions, solar power is at the front line of reducing carbon excretions. To promote seas' cleanliness, solar powered ships are providing an environment-friendly replacement for the shipping industry and the thermal performance efficacy of parabolic trough solar collectors is of great importance for such vessels. In this study, the nonlinear Oldroyd-B model is executed in the form of hybrid nanofluid composed of silver-magnetite nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol for heat transfer in a parabolic trough solar collector fitted inside the solar powered ship with constant form inclined magnetic field effect using artificial intelligence based neuro-heuristic hybrid approach involving genetic global algorithm composed of sequential quadratic programming local solver. The governing partial differential equations generated through Oldroyd-B hybrid nanofluid are first transformed through similarity transformations in the shape of a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically to analyze velocity as well as thermal profiles by engaging sundry scenarios organized through physical parameters. The scrutiny of acquired numerical outcomes is validated through reference solutions generated using the Adams numerical technique and this verification is displayed in terms of graphical and tabulated form of absolute errors. Moreover, it is observed that thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector is improved by 12 % with an escalation in magnetic field parameter. A comprehensive statistical and error analyses are also performed to confirm the suitability of the designed scheme. This work provides a robust computational framework for strengthening thermal optimization in solar-powered engaged systems, advancing renewable and effective energy solutions in maritime applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113535"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of integrating different power cycles into a concentrated solar power plant","authors":"Mohamed Elamine Abdesselem ,&nbsp;Taqiy Eddine Boukelia ,&nbsp;Mohamed Salah Mecibah","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A techno-economic analysis of integrating three different cycles into a concentrated solar power plant is performed. The steam Rankine, organic Rankine, and Kalina cycles were compared in terms of hourly and annual basis. These three layouts were analyzed over the year to determine the most appropriate layout based on performance and cost. The results revealed that the steam Rankine cycle generates 8.38 GWh of power annually, surpassing the 7.90GWh from the Kalina cycle and the 7.72GWh from the organic Rankine cycle. Economically, the organic Rankine cycle was more economical in terms of initial and operational costs, as well as the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 16.30¢$/kWh; additionally, the Kalina cycle, while efficient, was costly in addition to the high LCOE of 17.45¢$/kWh, and it was the lowest value of LCOE in the layout running on the steam Rankine cycle of 16.10¢$/kWh. The results of this study provide important insights into the effectiveness of each power cycle in solar power plants, helping to choose the most suitable based on performance, efficiency, hydrogen production, and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113534"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of laser-enhanced contact optimization on n-TOPCon solar cells' performance and efficiency: Experimental and simulated insights","authors":"Qinqin Wang ,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Siwen Gu ,&nbsp;Wangping Wu ,&nbsp;Lvzhou Li ,&nbsp;Deniz Eren Erişen ,&nbsp;Gao Yong ,&nbsp;Jianning Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The laser-enhanced contact optimization (LECO) process, instead of the conventional high-temperature sintering process on the tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cells, is being migrated to mainstream technology, with ongoing improvements in recent years. This study examines the impact of various process parameters—including sintering temperature, laser power, and reverse voltage—within the LECO process on the metallization-induced recombination current density associated with metal contact (denoted as <em>J</em>_<em>0</em><em>,</em>_{<em>metal</em>}), contact resistivity (represented as <em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em>), and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. On the basis of the experiment, COMSOL simulations were introduced to model the changes in charge carrier dynamics during LECO. The influence of laser power and reverse voltage on the front surface electron concentration was systematically investigated and confirmed. The findings indicated that appropriately reducing the sintering temperature can significantly decrease metallization recombination. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em>_<em>oc</em>) showed a negative correlation with both the laser energy and reverse voltage. Conversely, the fill factor (<em>FF</em>) and contact resistivity (<em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em>) positively correlated with these factors. Data from ρ_c and I-V measurements demonstrated that adequate laser energy is crucial for achieving sufficient carrier concentrations, which is necessary for minimizing ρ_c. However, excessively high laser energy may harm the passivation layer. Simulation analysis confirmed that the laser in the LECO process generates electron-hole pairs, while the reverse voltage separates the electrons and holes. We implemented the LECO process utilizing a sintering temperature of 790 °C, laser power of 18 W, and a reverse voltage of 16 V to enhance the maximum efficiency. (<em>E</em>_<em>ff</em>) of 25.97 %, corresponding to a short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_<em>sc</em>) of 42.05 mA/cm², a <em>V</em>_<em>oc</em> of 731.5 mV, and a fill factor (<em>FF</em>) of 84.42 %. The findings presented herein provide valuable insights that will inform the subsequent investigation of novel cell structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced solar desalination via hemispheric distiller with thermal storage, heaters, and condensation: Exergoeconomic and environmental analysis","authors":"Fadl A. Essa ,&nbsp;Bahaa Saleh ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Algethami ,&nbsp;Sunday O. Oyedepo ,&nbsp;Z.M. Omara ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solar distillers suffer from low yield due to the intermittent solar radiation availability, inherent thermal losses, and suboptimal operating temperatures due to design limitations. This study proposes a novel hemispherical -shaped solar distiller (HSD) with integrating jute wicks and thermal storage materials (TSM – paraffin wax mixed with graphite and aluminum oxides nanoparticles) for enhanced potable water production in remote areas. The HSD had 5000 cm² projected area. Compared to the conventional solar distiller (CSD), the freshwater production of HSD was improved by 90.74 % and 41.73 % with and without TSM, respectively. The implementation of electric heaters (20 W) and an external condenser further propels freshwater production, reaching a significant 145 % improvement compared to that of CSD. The HSD exhibits superior performance as compared to CSD based on the freshwater production and efficiency parameters. With all enhancements integrated, the daily distillate yield reached 6370 mL/m², and both energy and exergy efficiencies were 48.2 % and 4.9 %, respectively. Moreover, the environmental factor for CSD, HSD, HSD with TSM, HSD with TSM &amp; heaters, and HSD with TSM, heaters &amp; condenser is determined as 13, 18.4, 24.8, 29.7, and 26 tons CO₂ a year respectively. Economically, the HSD proved its merit with a significantly reduced cost per liter of distilled water. While the CSD had a cost of $0.32 per liter, the HSD with all enhancements reduced this cost to $0.19. In conclusion, the HSD with integrated jute wicks, TSM, heaters, and condenser represents a significant advancement in solar desalination technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the stability of methylammonium-based perovskite solar cells prepared in ambient conditions by adding formamidinium cations","authors":"Lucas Polimante,&nbsp;Juliana Pereira da Silva,&nbsp;Fabio Furlan Ferreira,&nbsp;Andre Sarto Polo","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent an up-and-coming emerging technology for the future of clean and renewable energy generation. However, these devices still suffer stability and durability issues due to moisture when exposed and/or prepared under ambient conditions. Here, we investigate the influence of incorporating formamidinium cation into methylammonium-based lead iodide perovskite films to improve the stability of PSCs. The amount of FA⁺ ranges from 0 (pure MAPI) to 1 (pure FAPI) perovskite passing by different amounts (FA_0.125MA_0.875PI, FA_0.25MA_0.75PI, FA_0.5MA_0.5PI). All the solutions and deposition of each film are performed in an uncontrolled ambient atmosphere (relative humidity ranging from 40 % to 60 %), aiming to replicate scalable manufacturing environments. The perovskite films present high crystallinity and uniformity, confirmed by the X-ray patterns, corroborating the predominantly photoactive FAPI α-phase or the MAPI cubic one. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that increasing FA⁺ content leads to larger grain sizes, reducing grain boundaries. Absorption spectra present a gradual red shift from MAPI to FAPI perovskites due to increased FA⁺ content, corresponding with the bandgap energy analysis. PSCs present photocurrent conversion efficiencies up to 13.4 %, and the photocurrent action spectra confirm the absorption observation, presenting energy conversion in higher wavelengths as the FA⁺ contents increase. A long-term stability experiment reveals that perovskites with more than 25 % FA⁺ maintain their efficiency over 80 % after 2160 h, a longer durability than MAPI PSCs. The durability improvement is ascribed to incorporating FA⁺ into the MAPI perovskite crystal lattice, which changes the grain size, surface area, and grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interconnection of low-temperature metallization on silicon solar cells - The role of silver in tin-bismuth-based solder alloys","authors":"Derya Güldali ,&nbsp;Angela De Rose ,&nbsp;Max Mittag ,&nbsp;Benjamin Grübel ,&nbsp;Holger Neuhaus ,&nbsp;Ulrich Tetzlaff","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of tin-bismuth (SnBi) alloys micro-alloyed with silver (Ag) to enhance low-temperature (LT) soldering for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The primary focus is on addressing challenges such as intermetallic compound (IMC) formation, which can compromise mechanical strength and durability under thermal cycling, thereby improving the long-term stability of solder joints. A systematic investigation of the influence of the Ag amount is being conducted with the intention to find the optimal alloy composition for SnBi solder joints on LT metallization contacts. The objective is to provide a cost-effective, lead-free alternative for the interconnection of temperature-sensitive solar cells like silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells. The findings illustrate that the addition of 0.4 %_wt. Ag notably enhances the wettability and initial mechanical strength of the solder. An increase in the Ag content to 1.0 %_wt. results in an excessive growth of IMC, which in turn leads to increased brittleness and potential long-term stability issues of the solder joint. Thermal cycling tests demonstrate that modules soldered with SnBiAg0.4 exhibited less than -5 % loss in power. This composition represents an optimal balance between performance and cost. These findings show the potential of SnBiAg0.4 as a suitable solder alloy regarding long-term stability and electrical performance for interconnection of LT metallization contacts of solar cells in PV module manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 113488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}