Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells最新文献

{"title":"Characterization, experimental study and optimization of the performance of photovoltaic panel integrated with form-stable phase change materials and conductive ZnO/MnO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Anle Sun ,&nbsp;Yuzhen Sun ,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangzhi Song","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study synthesized three form-stable eutectic phase change materials (FS-EPCMs) with varying docosane/coconut oil ratios (30/70, 50/50, and 70/30) to achieve different melting points and latent heats. To improve thermal conductivity, layer-by-layer synthesized ZnO/MnO₂ nanoparticles were incorporated into the FS-EPCMs. Response surface methodology (RSM) optimized PV panel temperature and electrical efficiency, with the coconut oil volume fraction, FS-EPCM thickness, and ZnO/MnO₂ weight fraction identified as significant factors (low p-values). ANOVA revealed key interactions influencing electrical efficiency, with high F-values (212.70 for temperature, 185.05 for efficiency) and low p-values (&lt;0.0001) demonstrating model significance. High R² values (0.9974 for temperature, 0.9970 for efficiency) and adjusted R² values (0.9927, 0.9916) indicate strong model fit, further supported by \"Adequate Accuracy\" scores (49.87, 44.14). Incorporating ZnO/MnO₂ nanoparticles significantly enhanced PV panel cooling. Optimal performance was achieved with a FS-EPCM suspension comprising 45.30 % coconut oil, 55.70 % docosane, and 16.64 % wt ZnO/MnO₂ nanoparticles at a thickness of 2.477 cm, resulting in a panel temperature of 48.51 °C and an electrical efficiency of 13.11 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113752"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the impact of energy matrices on life cycle cost assessment of N partly covered photovoltaic thermal concentrators coupled to conical solar still","authors":"Nandan kumar ,&nbsp;Desh Bandhu Singh ,&nbsp;Abhishek Saxena ,&nbsp;Sumit Tiwari ,&nbsp;Harender","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive energy, exergy, and life cycle cost analysis of a novel conical solar still integrated with N photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrators (N-PVT-CPC-CSS), aimed at addressing water scarcity using sustainable solar energy. A detailed mathematical model is developed and validated against experimental data, showing strong agreement with correlation coefficients of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.99 for water temperature, glass temperature, and freshwater yield, respectively. Annual performance metrics, including overall energy and exergy efficiencies, are computed using MATLAB for the climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. The system achieves notable thermal and exergy efficiencies of 56.51 % and 16.61 %, respectively. Key energy metrics such as energy payback time (EPT), energy production factor (EPF), and life cycle conversion efficiency (LCCE) are determined to be 1.134 years, 0.45 per year, and 0.4337, respectively. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed N-PVT-CPC-CSS reduces EPT by 77.32 % and enhances LCCE by 90.77 % compared to a conventional N-PVT-CPC-coupled single slope solar still. These results demonstrate the superior performance and sustainability of the proposed system, aligning with global efforts toward clean water and energy as outlined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113786"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of purity on thermophysical properties, thermal stability and corrosivity of ternary mixed salts","authors":"Heya Na,&nbsp;Cancan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Wu,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Guang Bao,&nbsp;Yuanwei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a ternary mixed salt of KNO₃-NaNO₂-Ca(NO₃)₂ was prepared by high temperature melting method. The thermal physical properties of selected ternary mixed molten salt with 99 % and 98.5 % purity are investigated under thermal shock and constant high temperature conditions. The results show that the melting points of the initial ternary molten salt are 125.62 °C and 120.3 °C with 99 % and 98.5 % purity, while the decomposition temperatures are 601.5 °C and 593.2 °C. In comparison with the initial base salt, the melting point, initial crystal point and specific heat capacity of the 99 % and 98.5 % purity salt mixtures were found to increase by a maximum of 49 % under the 1000 h constant temperature test, and the thermal conductivity was reduced by a maximum of 12 % under the 500 times thermal shock condition. The annual corrosion rates after 1000 h of static corrosion in air are 0.051 mm y⁻¹ and 0.053 mm y⁻¹. The decomposition temperatures are almost stable in all conditions. The impurities have a slight influence on the thermal stability of the mixed molten salts. This work provides valuable data and insights for the utilization of mixed ternary mixed molten salt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113785"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission electron microscopy study on the laser-cutting induced microdefects in silicon heterojunction solar cells","authors":"Xiang Lv ,&nbsp;Zechen Hu ,&nbsp;Lifei Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Huang ,&nbsp;Xuegong Yu ,&nbsp;Chuanhong Jin ,&nbsp;Deren Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells are at the forefront of high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) technology, achieving record efficiencies and promising bifacial performance. These cells are crucial for future PV markets, but challenges like cell-to-module (CTM) losses can reduce overall module efficiency. Half-cell module technology, using thermal laser separation (TLS), helps minimize these losses, but performance degradation persists, even with edge passivation. This study investigates how TLS affects the microstructure of SHJ cells, focusing on defects formed during laser processing. We used high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to examine these changes, providing detailed insights into the cell's structure. The results reveal that the hydrogenated amorphous silicon (<em>α</em>-Si:H) layer near laser-cut edges crystallizes, with the affected zones spanning approximately 12 μm at the n⁺-n junction and 6 μm at the p⁺-n junction, where the crystallization patterns are influenced by laser energy. The scribing laser also melts and diffuses the indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, and induces defects in the crystalline silicon (<em>c</em>-Si) regions. These changes are likely the main reasons for efficiency losses, reducing cell performance. These insights are vital for developing strategies to mitigate laser-induced defects, enhancing SHJ cell efficiency and reliability for large-scale production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113792"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of carbon nanotubes in conductive adhesives for photovoltaics","authors":"M. Ignacia Devoto Acevedo,&nbsp;Matthias Helbig,&nbsp;Karl Wienands,&nbsp;Andreas Halm,&nbsp;Daniel Tune","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impact of adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to silver-loaded epoxy-based adhesives, focusing on mechanical adhesion, electrical performance, and reliability. CNTs improve electrical conductivity in polymers by forming conductive networks with a low percolation threshold, requiring significantly lower filler loading compared to micron-sized fillers. In this study, a commercial electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) is modified by adding 0.05 to 0.63 wt% of CNTs and several dedicated test structures are manufactured with it. The samples are stressed up to 2000 h under damp-heat and up to 400 thermal cycles. The results indicate that CNTs enhance peel strength, but only above a threshold concentration, with a 0.19 wt% addition increasing adhesion by 82 %, while higher concentrations yield diminishing improvements. The electrical performance is influenced differently: the sheet resistivity of ECA (<em>R</em>_<em>s</em>) improves with increasing CNT content, whereas the contact resistivity (<em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em>) initially increases before decreasing with higher CNT concentration. Under thermal cycling, higher CNT content mitigates <em>R</em>_<em>s</em> degradation, with the 0.63 wt% CNT formulation exhibiting superior long-term stability, though <em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em> degrades in all cases. During damp-heat exposure, <em>R</em>_<em>s</em> improves over time, while <em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em> degrades with increasing stress duration. Interestingly, <em>R</em>_<em>s</em> and <em>ρ</em>_<em>c</em> exhibit opposing trends, suggesting minimal overall impact on module performance (for the particular bill of material used in this study). The study also highlights the challenge of isolating the effects of CNTs from epoxy dilution, emphasizing the need for better control of the ECA formulations. These findings demonstrate the potential of CNT-enhanced ECAs for improved adhesion and electrical stability in photovoltaic applications, provided that trade-offs in contact resistivity are carefully managed to ensure long-term reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113790"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manifold benefits of vacuum annealed molybdenum back contact for enhanced CZTSSe thin film properties and device","authors":"Yoganash Putthisigamany ,&nbsp;Mohammad Istiaque Hossain ,&nbsp;Atef Zekri ,&nbsp;Brahim Aïssa ,&nbsp;Kazi Sajedur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mohd Megat Izhar Sapeli ,&nbsp;Mohd Sukor Su'ait ,&nbsp;Norasikin Ahmad Ludin ,&nbsp;Mohd Adib Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Puvaneswaran Chelvanathan","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cu₂ZnSn(S_xSe_1−x)₄ (CZTSSe) thin-film solar cell (TFCS) are emerging as favourable materials for sustainable energy production, offering advantages such as low cost, abundance, and non-toxicity. Despite the significant progress in CZTSSe solar cells, optimizing their performance remains challenging due to factors like back contact material and interfacial layer formation. Molybdenum (Mo) is commonly used as a back contact material due to its robustness and compatibility with the absorber layer. However, the work function of Mo is highly sensitive to its deposition conditions, which can influence the device's open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and resistance. Our study investigates the impact of Mo work function optimization through post-deposition treatments, such as vacuum annealing, to enhance the electrical and morphological properties of Mo films. Additionally, the growth of Mo(S,Se)₂ layers at the Mo/CZTSSe interface and its influence on the device's performance is studied. We thereby demonstrate that post-deposition annealing of Mo can significantly improve the work function, reduce interfacial layer thickness, and enhance the overall photovoltaic performance of CZTSSe solar cells. Our findings reveal that the optimized Mo back contact results in an improved power conversion efficiency, with Mo_VA-treated films achieving 7.7 % efficiency compared to 0.71 % efficiency for as-sputtered Mo films, highlighting the critical role of back contact optimization in CZTSSe-based photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113782"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of hydrogen dynamics and deposition conditions in photochromic YHO/MoO3 bilayer films","authors":"E. Strods ,&nbsp;M. Zubkins ,&nbsp;V. Vibornijs ,&nbsp;D. Moldarev ,&nbsp;A. Sarakovskis ,&nbsp;K. Kundzins ,&nbsp;E. Letko ,&nbsp;D. Primetzhofer ,&nbsp;J. Purans","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen-containing yttrium hydride (YHO) and molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) bilayer films (YHO/MoO₃) are produced using reactive magnetron sputtering, and their photochromic properties are investigated in relation to the thickness and density of the MoO₃ layer. Compared to single YHO films, the YHO/MoO₃ films exhibit faster coloration and larger contrast, with both parameters adjustable by varying the thickness or deposition pressure of the MoO₃ layer. Transparent YHO/MoO₃ films (∼75 % at 550 nm) demonstrate a photochromic contrast of up to 60 %, significantly higher than the 25–30 % contrast observed for single YHO films after 20 h of UVA-violet light exposure. This enhancement arises from hydrogen intercalation from the (200)-textured polycrystalline YHO film into the X-ray amorphous MoO₃, leading to the formation of molybdenum bronze (H_<em>x</em>MoO₃), as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron and optical spectroscopies. However, the darkened YHO/MoO₃ films do not fully recover to their initial transparency after illumination due to the irreversible nature of the coloured MoO₃ layer. Most of the hydrogen intercalated into MoO₃ originates from the YHO layer during the initial darkening process. Furthermore, the bilayer films are chemically unstable, exhibiting gradual darkening over time even without intentional UV illumination, as confirmed by nuclear reaction analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of shading model in SolarMoves","authors":"Anna J. Carr ,&nbsp;Lenneke H. Slooff ,&nbsp;Ashish Binani ,&nbsp;Christian Braun ,&nbsp;Alexander Kleinhans ,&nbsp;Ramakrishnan Kalyanasundaram ,&nbsp;Ruud Derks ,&nbsp;Jan M. Kroon","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To understand the impact that vehicle integrated PV can have on the electricity grid requirements now and in the future the SolarMoves project is using a combination of detailed modelling and measurements to arrive at predictions for the European EV fleet and grid infrastructure requirements now and in 2030. The first phase of the project consisted of extensive modelling [1]. In this paper we take vehicle irradiance measurement results from phase two of the project to examine the validity of the seasonal shading model used in part one of the project. Measurement results indicate that shading losses can be somewhere between 5 and 20 %. Shading can have a significant impact on PV yield, especially on VIPV where the vehicle is moving through different terrains, including open spaces with little shading to very densely built up areas with a lot of shading. Taking account of this in an accurate way is a very important part of determining the possible PV yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113783"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and theoretical study of luminescent solar concentrators based on vertically stacked arrays of optical fibers","authors":"Jagoba Barata ,&nbsp;Jon Grandes ,&nbsp;Jon Arrue ,&nbsp;Eneko Arrospide ,&nbsp;Nekane Guarrotxena ,&nbsp;Olga García ,&nbsp;Joseba Zubia ,&nbsp;M. Asunción Illarramendi","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the performance of luminescent solar concentrators using dye-doped POFs stacked in layers is theoretically and experimentally studied. Two setups having different illuminated lengths and different arrangements of the dyes in the layers have been manufactured using the dyes Lumogen Yellow and Lumogen Red at a concentration of 500 ppm. The analyses include the effect of the number of layers, of the order of the dyes in each layer and of the illumination length on performance parameters such as the external photon efficiency from each layer, the achievable output power and the spectral distribution of the output emission. It is found that the output power is close to the highest one when at least two of the layers are doped with Lumogen Red. The measured total power emitted from one of the ends of a promising setup of 46 POFs arranged in 4 layers when a length of only 31 cm is illuminated under sunlight has been 6.1 mW. The qualitative behaviors of the experimentally-measured performance parameters are well described by the theoretical Monte-Carlo calculations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of stepped solar stills: A comprehensive study on design optimization, material integration, and techno-economic feasibility","authors":"Fuhaid Alshammari ,&nbsp;Nasser Alanazi ,&nbsp;Mamdouh Alshammari ,&nbsp;Ammar H. Elsheikh ,&nbsp;Fadl A. Essa","doi":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to clean water remains a critical global challenge, particularly in regions facing water scarcity and limited energy resources. Solar distillers provide a sustainable desalination solution, yet conventional designs suffer from low yield and efficiency, hindering widespread adoption. This research addresses these limitations by enhancing stepped solar still (STSS) performance through systematic design modifications and parametric optimization. Three distinct absorber geometries were investigated—regular flat (RSTSS), finned (FnSTSS), and corrugated (CrSTSS)—alongside various wicking materials (jute, charcoal, steel wool fibers, and water coral fleece) and thermal storage options including gravel, yellow sand, and phase change materials (PCM) such as paraffin wax. Experimental and analytical evaluations revealed that FnSTSS and CrSTSS configurations achieved respective productivity gains of 39 % (3750 mL/m²) and 54 % (4155 mL/m²) over the baseline RSTSS system (2695 mL/m²). The CrSTSS configuration, when augmented with water coral fleece wicking material, yielded 5450 mL/m²—a 91 % improvement over the baseline. Further integration of paraffin wax as PCM elevated daily output to 6940 mL/m² with 59 % thermal efficiency, demonstrating superior latent energy recovery capabilities. Techno-economic analysis confirmed the optimized CrSTSS design reduces freshwater production costs by 87 %, from $0.20 to $0.026 per liter. These findings contribute significantly to advancing solar still technology for sustainable desalination applications, offering an economically viable solution for meeting clean water demands in resource-constrained environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":429,"journal":{"name":"Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 113784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}