Development and characterization of coconut oil-based phase change material integrated flexible polyurethane biocomposites for thermal energy storage applications

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells Pub Date : 2025-07-30 DOI:10.1016/j.solmat.2025.113875

Abid Ustaoğlu , Saman Menbari , Osman Gencel , Ercan Aydoğmuş , Ahmet Sarı , Bülent Yeşilata , Togay Ozbakkaloglu , Orhan Uzun

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With growing global energy demand and the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, developing sustainable materials with thermal energy storage capabilities has become essential. This study introduces, for the first time, a flexible polyurethane biocomposite (FPB) containing directly integrated unencapsulated coconut oil-based phase change material (CO-PCM), without micro-shells or encapsulation. This novel approach simplifies fabrication, reduces cost, and enhances thermal and mechanical performance through direct polymer–phase change material interaction. Flexible polyurethane biocomposites incorporating varying concentrations (0 %, 15 %, 30 %, and 45 %) of CO-PCM were synthesized using a two-step method involving polyether polyol, isocyanate, and a catalyst. Increasing CO-PCM content improved the physical and thermal properties of the composites. At 45 wt% CO-PCM, bulk-density increased by 51 %, Shore A hardness by over 43 %, and tensile strength by 14 %, while strain decreased from 82 % to 53 %. Thermal conductivity improved by 15 %, and activation energy rose by 30 %, indicating enhanced thermal stability. The composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermoregulation tests showed that the FPB with 45 % CO-PCM reduced peak surface temperatures by up to 6.8 °C during the day and retained 2.4 °C more heat at night, contributing to stable indoor thermal conditions. Energy simulations across four climate zones revealed that FPB-45 could reduce heating energy demand by up to 26 % compared to conventional expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation. CO₂ emission analysis indicated up to 10 kg/m² annual reduction, and up to $1.80/m² annual savings when using fuel oil, proving its technical and economic viability.

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储热用椰子油基相变材料集成柔性聚氨酯生物复合材料的研制与表征

随着全球能源需求的增长和减少碳排放的迫切需要，开发具有储热能力的可持续材料变得至关重要。这项研究首次介绍了一种柔性聚氨酯生物复合材料（FPB），它含有直接集成的无封装椰子油基相变材料（CO-PCM），没有微壳或封装。这种新颖的方法简化了制造，降低了成本，并通过直接的聚合物相变材料相互作用提高了热性能和机械性能。采用含不同浓度（0%、15%、30%和45%）CO-PCM的柔性聚氨酯生物复合材料，采用涉及聚醚多元醇、异氰酸酯和催化剂的两步法合成。CO-PCM含量的增加改善了复合材料的物理和热性能。在45 wt% CO-PCM时，体密度增加51%，邵氏硬度提高43%以上，抗拉强度提高14%，而应变从82%下降到53%。导热系数提高了15%，活化能提高了30%，表明热稳定性增强。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和扫描电镜（SEM）对复合材料进行了表征。温度调节测试表明，含有45% CO-PCM的FPB在白天可将峰值表面温度降低6.8°C，在夜间可多保留2.4°C的热量，有助于稳定的室内热环境。跨越四个气候带的能源模拟显示，与传统的膨胀聚苯乙烯（EPS）隔热材料相比，FPB-45可以减少高达26%的供暖能源需求。二氧化碳排放分析表明，每年可减少10公斤/平方米，使用燃料油每年可节省1.80美元/平方米，证明了其技术和经济可行性。

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来源期刊

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

12.60

自引率

11.60%

发文量

513

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is intended as a vehicle for the dissemination of research results on materials science and technology related to photovoltaic, photothermal and photoelectrochemical solar energy conversion. Materials science is taken in the broadest possible sense and encompasses physics, chemistry, optics, materials fabrication and analysis for all types of materials.