Linguistics & Polyglot Studies最新文献

{"title":"Polyglot studies in spring 2022","authors":"G. Kazakov","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-138-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-138-142","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a review of academic conferences on polyglottery that took place in spring 2022, namely a paper at the conference “Integrative and Cross-Cultural Approaches to the Study of Thinking and Language”, the 2nd International Seminar on Linguistics & Polyglot Studies, and the round table “Research on Polyglottery: Theoretical Analysis and Practice” as part of the 20th International Symposium on Psycholinguistics and Communication Theory. Discussed are polyglots’ cognitive skills, self-monitoring instruments and learning strategies, the hyperintensive method, cognitive metaphors, social perception of polyglottery, common principles behind language processing by brain and by machine, and other issues.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115360255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New cold war concept amid modern challenges (based on material of English-language press)","authors":"N. A. Kovalev","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-18-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-18-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the structure and content of NEW COLD WAR concept, which has a structure similar to COLD WAR concept via conceptual-definitional, functional-representative, comparative and discursive analyses. The research material was text examples of the concept taken from quality English-language press published in the period from 2019 to 2021. The study hypothesizes that despite the fact that the modern global confrontation is new, it has direct roots in the old conflict and is similar to it in the structure, however, due to the evolution of discursive conditions and extralinguistic factors, the content of the concept has changed. The results of the study showed that the notional component has been enriched due to new participants in the confrontation, its methods, its geography and the areas in which this conflict occurs, as well as the coronavirus pandemic. The figurative component has significantly expanded thanks to the emergence of such metaphors as “trade war”, “technological war”, “cyber war”, “vaccine war”, and “hybrid war”. The value component has become more complex due to a positive assessment of the conflict in terms of development opportunities. The NEW COLD WAR concept is a complex dynamically developing concept scenario that requires further detailed research.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121993935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning and Sense as the Bedrock of English Discourse Functional Space","authors":"V. L. Malakhova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-29-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-29-43","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of correlation between the concepts ‘meaning’ and ‘sense’, peculiarities of their formation and their role in the process of developing integral functional space of discourse. The objective of the article is to determine how certain linguistic means create meanings, which factors contribute to their transformation into sense, what exactly provides representation and further interpretation of sense.Considering the essence of meaning, the author analyzes its types, specifies the extent of interaction and interdependence between them, determines the factors promoting transformation and modification of one type into another which clarifies what helps actualize meanings of different levels. The author singles out semantic, semantic-and-syntactic, logical-and-semantic, and pragmatic meanings as the principle meanings underlying formation of discourse integral sense. The analysis of discursive sense formation as a multi-level hierarchical system based on complex interaction and interdependence of meanings of different types makes this study relevant and topical.The study identifies optimal ways of sense creation and its adequate representation, of enhancing communication efficiency and achieving the communicative goal of a speech act. The author emphasizes the importance of the choice of linguistic means and the role of context in this process, the significant influence of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors; this directly impacts meanings formation, their transformation into sense which, in turn, forms the bedrock of discourse functional space.The study methodology combines elements of systems analysis, descriptive analysis, discourse analysis, pragmasemantic analysis, component analysis.The author comes to the conclusion that discourse sense space, being situationally conditioned, operates more with sense than meanings. The sense of discourse is not reducible to the sum of the meanings that form it. Meaning and sense are categories that are formed in the course and as a result of communicative activity and cognitive processes; therefore, the effectiveness of","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121059453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexico-Structural Characteristics of Aviation Terminology and Techniques of its Transmission Into the Russian Language","authors":"S. B. Fomina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-70-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-70-79","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the lexical and structural characteristics of aviation terminology and the methods of its translation into Russian, the features of terminology functioning, and the specifics of translation. A scientific and technical text is presented as a communicative unit, a source of replenishment and knowledge exchange between professionals of a certain field of science and technology, a synthesis of the scientific and the technical; both linguistic and extralinguistic factors are considered. Linguists’ points of view regarding the characteristics of scientific and technical texts are taken into account. The goal of this paper is to study the functioning of aviation terminology and the ways of its translation into Russian. A scientific and technical text is considered as the sphere with specific terminological units, and names of processes and phenomena, however, the consistent and logical nature of the presentation of the subject matter in a scientific and technical text does not exclude the presence of such lexical units as neologisms, phraseological units, vocabulary of foreign origin, abbreviations and acronyms. Aviation technologies abbreviations are full-fledged lexical units used as a means to economize linguistic means and as part and parcel of a technical text. The difficulties connected with the stylistic, lexical and syntactic features of the scientific and technical text are associated with the use of passive constructions, inversions typical of the analytical English language. Metaphorical means are identified as a source of terminology, which is proved by the adduced examples. Finding translation solutions when transferring the meanings of aviation terminology, and the selection of the required equivalent is the primary task of a full-fledged translation and an urgent problem of modern translation studies. The main task of the translator, who is not an expert in aviation technologies, when transferring the meanings of the term from English into Russian, is to achieve maximum semantic adequacy in translation. The difficulties encountered by the translator when translating aviation texts containing differently-structured terminological units are considered; the difficulties of translation are attributed to the absence of an equivalent in the translating language and may also be connected with determining the referent for designating the object in question, or may be associated with the syntactic difference between the English (analytical) and the Russian (synthetic) languages. The processing of language material makes it possible to determine the characteristic structural types of terminological units and to identify the most appropriate techniques of translation, such as formal, lexical and grammatical, in order to select the most appropriate equivalent to achieve a full-fledged translation option.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124116779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Processes in the Italian Language of the Internet: Vocabulary and Word Formation","authors":"C. A. Asadova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-8-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-8-18","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the evolutionary processes in the Italian language of the Internet, which are directly revealed at the lexical and word-formation levels. The article gives the general assessment of these processes from the point of view of a number of significant structural and sociolinguistic parameters in the context of the historical development of the Italian language. This research is based on the opposition of the language of the Internet to the structural norm of the Italian language; it is noted that the opposition is of slang nature. The key trend, as the author emphasizes, is the convergence of the oral and written forms of speech reflected in the used and normatively fixed forms of word-formation, in which traditional models as well as mixed polycodes (alphanumeric and/or alpha pictorial) are extensively used. Studying the media communication influence on the development of the Italian language, the author relies on the classification of the functional parameters of the opposition − convergence of written and oral forms of speech − by the Italian linguist G. Berruto. The main notions, which characterize such evolution, − diamesia, diastratia, diatopia, diafasia are studied. G. Berruto’s concept is developed by another Italian linguist G. Antonelli who singles out the language of the Internet communication as the culminating point of evolution. The article studies a large number of language examples revealing the picture of word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. Word-formation is interpreted as the main factor in the normative evolution of the Italian language in the Internet communication. Particular attention is paid to contaminated word-formation methods, creolized forms of a language sign (contraction, pictogram), which are typical of the Internet language, as well as unregulated use of punctuation marks, and spelling violation. The article shows slang forms of lexical speech usage and word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. The structural-linguistic and semiotic interpretation of the Italian Internet word-formation is given. The article carries out the rubrication of models and types of word-formation in the Italian language of the Internet. The article is suggested to specialists who are interested in semiotics of the Internet language, modern development trends of the Italian language, the peculiarities of Italian lexicology and word-formation.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132889533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Pandemic on Higher Education: New Challenges and Perspectives","authors":"E. Savchuk, E. S. Syschikova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-94-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-94-102","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to analyze the experience of the transition to distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in domestic universities. The article considers some of the features of distance learning, as well as the advantages and disadvantages that have become obvious during this experience. The authors pay attention to the actions of public authorities in response to new circumstances in the period of pandemic. The proponents note that universities have passed major efficiency tests of their work and have successfully sorted out the problem of providing high quality education outside the walls of the universities. As a result of this complicated experience, new soft-skills have been formed for both teachers and students; moreover, the concept of an innovator teacher has been expanded. The article addresses the issues of teaching foreign languages in higher education in the context of distance learning while maintaining the high level inherent in classes in a university classroom. The authors draw attention to the psychological system of distance learning, talk about the importance of the emotional ties and face to face communication during the educational process and emphasize that the development of a digital learning environment will expand students’ access to highquality curricula, in foreign languages in particular, regardless of the form of study. In conclusion, the authors believe that it is too early to draw final conclusion about the results of distance learning, but they consider it will become an integral part of the entire educational process in the nearest future. This educational process will be a continuation of that close inter-university cooperation aimed at interaction with the aim of sharing experiences and expanding the prospects for the use of hybrid forms of education in the future.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115953800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenomenon of Axiological Enantiosemy in Legal Discourse","authors":"M. N. Fedulova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-44-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-44-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the effect of the evaluation factor in legal discourse. The evaluation factor is considered to be the central one providing the connection of conceptual (cultural-axiological) foundations with the communicative dynamics of discourse. Assessment can become an area of study of the complex mechanisms of the relationship between culture and pragmatics in human speech activity. Evaluation is considered to be an immanent factor of human social existence. Human life is impossible without an evaluative attitude to reality. In any sphere of life, a phenomenon, an event, an act are subjects to evaluation, all events are subject to correlation with the norms of social relations and culture. Assessment reflects a person’s position in the system of social relations, his life attitudes: what he strives for, what he denies and what he treats neutrally.The examples of legal judicial polemics show, on the one hand, the central status of evaluation in the teleology of a speech act, and on the other hand, its high mobility and semantic independence. Evaluation needs, on the one hand, subject verification (factual justification), and on the other – moral justification (compliance with cultural norms). This relationship is observed with a high degree of clarity in the speech units of legal discourse (in texts, statements), where pragmatics and the general axiology of evaluation can come into conflict, forming the so-called semantic, or axiological, enantiosemy of legal discourse. There is an internal content asymmetry in the speech signs of discourse, which is actively used by the parties to the trial in the context of legal controversy in order to strengthen the semantic impact on the court. The judge makes the decisive final assessment.The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of general linguistics, semiotics of discourse, communication theory, and researchers in the field of judicial rhetoric.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128989730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radicals with Diplomatic Semantics in Ancient Chinese Dictionary “Shuo Wen Jie Zi”: Verification of Etymology","authors":"E. Khamaeva","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-56-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-56-69","url":null,"abstract":"There are several signs with «diplomatic» semantics among the 540 most ancient radicals of the Chinese writing, presented in the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi” (1st century AD, Han era). Before the dictionary was created, Chinese writing had already existed for several thousand years; therefore some researchers (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Oshanin, 1943) consider that the etymologies of the radicals in “Shuo wen” were formulated under the influence of the later eras and are often erroneous. The attempts are made to verify the etymologies of these signs with “diplomatic” semantics by comparing them with the more ancient forms jiaguwen and jinwen, discovered and scientifically described only in the 20th century. Such a comparison and interpretation will reveal the probable correct etymologies of the analyzed radicals of the Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen” and verify them. In addition, the study will shed light on the beginning of diplomacy in ancient China. The article also touches upon the problem of etymological analysis in a language with an ideographic type of writing, which is carried out not at the level of morphology, as in European languages, but at the level of hieroglyphic sign graphics.The problem of semantics and etymology of radicals was considered mainly by Chinese scientists (Zou Xiaoli, 2007; Wang Fengyang, 2011, etc.), while in the European linguistics, the problem was studied only fragmentarily (Kondrashevsky, 1982; Karasyova, 2019; Dictionary of etymologies, 2019). The radicals “with diplomatic” semantics, analyzed in the article, did not become the object of special study.The purpose of the article is to verify the etymology of a number of radicals in the ancient Chinese dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi” with “diplomatic” semantics, to consider the information about the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”, its basic radicals and their semantics, to briefly describe the features of etymological analysis in general and in Chinese language in particular, to compare the definitions of these radicals in various etymological dictionaries, thus verifying the etymologies presented in the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128793583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storytelling in the Inclusive L2 Classroom","authors":"A. Bovshik, S. Gaivoronskaya","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-80-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-80-93","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines storytelling as a technology of teaching foreign languages with the help of fascinating stories in the inclusive environment. The relevance of developing inclusive education, i.e. integrating students with different individual characteristics (in particular, disabilities) into the learning process, is highlighted. In this regard, the concept of cognitive learning styles and Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences are characterized as not quite suitable for the role of a general foundation of language teaching methodology in an inclusive classroom. Krashen’s Monitor Model, in its turn, is adopted as the theoretical basis of the modern approach to second language acquisition, emphasizing the importance of comprehensible input (received speech material) and emotional filter (psychological barrier) as key factors in the development of speech competence. In light of this, the advantages of a multisensory approach to language learning, and, in particular, the inclusive potential of using multisensory stories and creating students’ own stories with the support of a teacher (storybuilding), are clarified. Storytelling, thus, is considered by the authors of the article as a universal method for developing both receptive and productive speech skills in a foreign language for all kinds of students, including children with disabilities. The paper contains methodological recommendations regarding the implementation of storytelling technology in an inclusive classroom, including the conditions for effective assimilation of educational material by students with special educational needs. The principles of scaffolding (teacher support), mutual cooperation, clarity of instructions, sequence of material presentation, individualized information delivery forms, emotional involvement and integration are also explained. Based on the research literature on psychology, inclusive pedagogy and language education (Vygotsky, Rubinstein, Asher, Krashen), as well as some case studies featuring diverse students with varying disabilities, the authors argue for the need to gradually shift from skill-building to implicit teaching (and learning).","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128130654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functions of Documentonyms-Abbreviations in the German Language of Economics and Management","authors":"N. V. Kukina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-19-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-1-30-19-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the functions of documentonyms-abbreviations often used in the German language of economics and management. As a component of the peripheral onomastic zone, documentonyms- abbreviations form their own onomastic field and perform a number of important functions. Among them are the functions common to onyms in general, such as the address function and the function of an ethno-linguistic sign. Documentonyms-abbreviations indirectly perform a social function, because they indicate that these documents are aimed at meeting the needs of society in general and individual members of society in particular. Among the functions abbreviations perform in general is the function of compression, individualization and concretization, which is connected with the use of truncations, syllables and full words in the abbreviation, making it more recognizable; the pragmatic function and/ or the function of facilitating communication by replacing the original full prototype; dictionary enrichment function realizing their derivational potential, and the text-linking function. The specific functions of documentonyms-abbreviations are singled out. They include the function of identifying its correlation with certain management macrofields; the function of a marker that refers a document to one of the types of administrative documents; the function of an onomasiological feature or basis, depending on the position of the abbreviation in the composite created with the abbreviation-documentonym or on the position of the component in the abbreviation; the function of the top of lexical word-formation nests. The specifics of abbreviations-documentonyms are in the lack of the function of stylistic reduction, and the advertising function characteristic of other types of onyms, pragmatonyms and ergonyms, for example.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121927163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}