Linguistics & Polyglot Studies最新文献

{"title":"Argot translation in S. Dovlatov’s prose (based on the translation of “Pushkin Hills” and “Craft” into Spanish and Portuguese)","authors":"Yu. I. Mikaelyan","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-96-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-96-107","url":null,"abstract":"Using the example of translations of the novella “Pushkin Hills” and the novel “Craft” into Portuguese (Brazilian national version) and Pyrenean version and Argentine national version of Spanish, the article analyzes the strategies for translating prison slang vocabulary discovered in S. D. Dovlatov’s writings. Prison jargon is an important element of the writer’s idiosyncrasy, and it is found in almost all his texts. For example, Dovlatov often uses prison jargon to define his characters by linguistic means, in their direct speech. The cultural marking of the Russian prison-camp jargon is particularly difficult to translate. Due to historical circumstances in the twentieth century, many lexemes from prison jargon moved into colloquial speech, while maintaining a special expressiveness and connotations. Prison jargon is present in all languages and cultures, however, as a rule, it is used by a rather narrow circle of people, while for people far from the prison environment, the meanings of these jargonisms are unclear. As a result, the translation of jargonisms in which the Russian reader of Dovlatov instantly reads the implicit information referring to the prison environment poses a difficult task for translators, as in most cases there are no connotative equivalents in the translation language. Within the framework of the communicative-functional approach, due to the comparative analysis of translated texts, the article examines the translation strategies used by translators to convey the stylistic originality and expressiveness of prison jargon found on the pages of S. Dovlatov’s works. The analysis of the translated texts has demonstrated that due to the fact that the prison jargon used by the writer mainly refers to the layer of non-equivalent vocabulary, in order to achieve the communicative equivalence of the translation texts, translators turn to both the strategy of foreignization and the strategy of domestication, adapting the text to the culture of translation; often slang and reduced expressions are replaced in translation by stylistically neutral ones; in some cases, translators also turn to free translation (for example, when translating puns). Such translation substitutions inevitably lead to distortions of the author’s intention and to the loss of some expressions of the original text. Nevertheless, the reception of Dovlatov’s works by foreign readers demonstrates that the translation of his prose with at least partial preservation of cultural and stylistic originality is possible.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"45 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevant content of the basic value Liebe / love in the German linguoculture","authors":"A. Khlopova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-108-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-108-119","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is the associative field of Liebe / love, representing the same basic value, the subject is the psychologically relevant content of the value, as well as the content dynamics of the basic value, reflected in the nature of the associates. The aim of the study is to establish the psychologically relevant content of the basic value of Liebe / love in the German linguoculture. A free associative experiment is used as the main research method. The experiment was conducted with representatives of the German linguoculture at the age from 17 to 23 in Vechta, Potsdam, Baden-Baden and Freiburg in 2022. The stimulus word Liebe was followed by 200 reactions, which we are going to share in accordance with the research methodology for reaction-concepts, reactions-representations, emotional-evaluative reactions, formal and cultural reactions. The research is based on sequential comparison of data from lexicographic sources (including etymological sources) and data from a free associative experiment. The author verifies the obtained results using an inverse associative experiment. Research data can be used in sociological research, in teaching translation studies, intercultural communication, cultural linguistics, ethnopsycholinguistics, in a practical course of the first foreign language (German), in a workshop on the culture of verbal communication, etc. The obtained data can be used in the development of various types of educational manuals and educational reference books. The results of the study have shown that the concept Liebe / love is relevant and significant for representatives of the German linguoculture. Moreover, it is realized in a variety of reactions-representations reflecting the individual experience of respondents. The relevance of this concept is verified by the data of the inverse associative experiment. However, the meaning of the concept Liebe / love, which represents the basic value, changes: the correlation between love and the object of love becomes relevant. Liebe / love unites other value characteristics for the respondents: trust, loyalty, harmony, attention, tenderness towards another person on the basis of common value integrative characteristics. It also has a positive connotation for the respondents.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"32 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicit temporality from the perspective of relevance theory","authors":"O. V. Larina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-42-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-42-54","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an attempt to apply the basic principles of Dan Sperber and Deidre Wilson’s Relevance theory to the study of implicit means of time reference. The theory combines both cognitive and pragmatic features, which makes it suitable for online analysis of the natural communicative process including the possible mistakes in the cognitive mechanism of inference. The article contains an overview of the main aspects of Relevance theory exemplified by contexts with implicit temporality. The preliminary classification of implicit means of temporal location of an action, which includes lexical, grammatical and contextual implicit means, is also provided. The article also provides analysis of the addressee’s perception of implicit time information in accordance with its relevance. The article also dwells on the problem of how a person decides that an utterance is of informative and cognitive value (that is relevant) and hence must be processed. Besides, the author looks into the factors that affect the relevance of an utterance (for instance its broad communicative context, by which we understand both communicants’ background knowledge about the language, the situation of communication and the world) and cites situations in which informative relevance decreases resulting in mistakes in information processing and the addressor’s informative and communicative failures. The author also attempts to demonstrate the prospects of further integration of the conceptual framework of Relevance theory and other cognitive and pragmatic linguistic theories, the theory of presuppositions and mental spaces in particular. Besides, the author looks into the terminological inexactitude of such notions as ‘implicature’ (implication) and ‘explicature’ and also suggests considering the application of weak implicatures to the analysis of inferential mistakes.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept of THO in Korean Grammatical Tradition","authors":"V. E. Sukhinin","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-55-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-55-68","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the author examines the specific concept of tho in Korean grammatical tradition basing on the analysis of the Korean scholars’ publications since the early 20th century up to now. According to Russian bilingual dictionaries, this Korean linguistic term means formal morphemes and syntactic words though various authors define its specific meaning differently. This concept can be traced back to the term of ‘empty words’ of medieval Chinese linguistics and was originally used to name Korean grammatical elements inserted into hanmun (Koreanized literary Chinese wenyan) texts for better understanding by speakers of the Korean language, which is typologically different from Chinese. This approach was partly inherited at the end of the 19th century after the transition of the literary language in Korea from hanmun to native Korean. The grammatical categories covered by tho have changed over time. Today in the DPRK, it includes any grammatical postfix formants (which in Russian Koreanology are form-building endings and suffixes) and even word-formative markers of voice. This approach follows the tradition of the last work of 1914 by Chu Sigyeong, the founder of modern Korean linguistics. The majority of the South Korean linguists, influenced to a certain extent by the Japanese language grammar, refer to postfixes of predicatives as endings, and to postfixes of nouns as particles, i.e. a syntactic part of speech. But at the same time, they do not reject completely the term tho. This interpretation follows the ideas of Choi Hyeonbae, dating back to the 20-30s of the last century. The author is inclined to support the opinion that tho is a Korean term for naming specific Korean agglutinative postfixes and considers it quite a logical approach to be viable. In conclusion, the approaches to the description of the Korean language grammar may be different, i.e. several variations are possible. However, the most important thing is that the systematic character of the description is observed, and the features of the object of the study – the Korean language of the agglutinative type – are taken into consideration. Besides, for the teaching purpose logicality and rational simplicity of grammar structure are also important if they do not contradict the language material.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"62 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the monograph by E.V. Astakhova “Spain as a metaphor”. Moscow: MGIMO-University Publishing House/EXMO, 2023. 287 p.","authors":"V. A. Iovenko","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-150-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-150-153","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structuring Japanese editorials along the lines of rhetorical structure annotations: issues and discoveries","authors":"S. V. Chironov, V. A. Mozebakh","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-120-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-120-144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a result of a practical experiment in annotating the rhetorical structure of three editorial articles from the leading Japanese newspapers, focused on connectors and their role in the text. Annotation work was carried out along the general lines of existing techniques, at the same time calling for substantial adjustments in both the relations’ taxonomy and orientation, and also the principles of breaking down discourse units. These methodological findings are reviewed in the conclusive part. The main difficulty in representing the overall text structure is whether it can be convincingly represented in the form of a tree (as is expected from a pragmatically organized text). Some in-depth analysis shows that apart from rhetorical relations between discourse units a complex networks of holistic structure (macrostructure), intentional structure, referential network are of not less importance in the unity of the text. Notional structure in the basis of the reader’s comprehension also comes into the bargain, as well as the author’s efforts to influence and direct it overtly or covertly. An RST tree would only be a part of this totality. Appended are tentative graphical representations of an approximated tree structure as well as graphs covering the text’s intentional structure, divided into interconnected layers. This experiment highlighted major peculiarities of a newspaper editorial as one type of text. They are seen as rooted in the pragmatical nature of this genre of language activity, whose principal aim is opinion leadership and of the audience that is highly heterogenous but at the same time capable of detecting and processing sophisticated logical and rhetorical devices. That imposes some structural conditions besides general structure specialties of the Japanese language.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"133 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concept “KIMONO” in figurative units of the Japanese language","authors":"O. R. Likholetova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-83-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-83-95","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to describe Japanese phraseological units and lexemes with figurative meanings as a fragment of the lexical-phraseological system of the Japanese language, to identify the images underlying their formation, and to study their linguistic and cultural characteristics. The material for the work is the data from the dictionaries of the Japanese language, in which figurative units connected with the nominations of the types and details of kimono are recorded. The research is based on the linguacultural approach, which identifies linguistic units with national-cultural semantics, reflecting national and specific vision of the world on the lexical-phraseological level. Semanticthematic analysis allowed us to identify four groups of the most frequent lexemes, representing the concept “kimono”, on the basis of which phraseological units were formed. The group of figurative units, which do not include the names of kimono or its details, but which implicitly refer to this concept, was also examined. The etymological analysis revealed the cognitive basis for the formation of phraseological units and the mechanism of metaphorization of these lexical units. From the whole considered corpus of language units, the most representative are gesture phraseological units formed on the basis of idiomaticization of gesture units. The second largest group consisted of phraseological units derived from the clearly regulated ritual and rules of putting on and wearing kimono. They reflect the aesthetic views of the Japanese about the ideal image of kimono. The method of quantitative analysis allowed us to confirm the significance of the concept “kimono” as a symbol of Japanese culture and to reveal its phraseological productivity. A large number of figurative language units, related to kimono, indicates that this concept has pronounced culturally marked characteristics, reflects special models of worldview and stereotypes of behavior. The considered language units require special attention to the cultural context in which they function. The study of figurative meanings of words nominating kimono parts, as well as stable combinations, created on their basis, allows expressing the cultural information they contain. The concept “kimono” is one of the most important constants of Japanese culture, so its study from the position of cultural linguistics is extremely relevant.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"30 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria for assessing interpretation from the textual and speech aspects perspectives","authors":"S. K. Pavlikova, V. I. Yershov","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-69-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-69-82","url":null,"abstract":"The comparative analysis of a range of interpretation assessment scales and criteria that focus on textual, speech and behavioural aspects has helped identify the core area of interpretation assessment criteria, which includes the parameters concerned with the faithfulness of meaning transfer and the quality of target language production, as well as phonologic aspects of interpreter speech, including prosody, the latter two subsumed under the rubric “Delivery” in the aforementioned scales and sets of criteria. Two professional interpreter performance assessment scales have been analyzed from the point of view of the criteria of assessment presented therein. Various other interpretation assessment instruments were further studied to identify the core area of interpretation assessment criteria − the criteria found across the selection of the assessment instruments − and the variable area − those that are found in some of the assessment instruments included in this study. As shown by our comparative analysis, apart from the criteria relating to meaning transfer, target language quality, and phonology that form the core area of interpretation assessment criteria, this area also includes the parameters concerned with such phenomena as vocalized pauses, backtracking, self-corrections, repetitions, and false starts, the status of which within the area of interpretation assessment has not been fully defined. We propose that these core criteria be understood as breakdowns in the implementation of the speech programme. Aspects of an interpreter’s behaviour (kinesthetics, proxemics) that also come under the rubric “Delivery” in interpretation assessment criteria, however, form the variable zone alongside the parameters related to an interpreter’s unconscious mechanical behaviour.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the round-table discussion “Current trends in the development of language policy in CIS, Asia, Africa and the Caribbean” (October 12, 2023, Moscow)","authors":"T. A. Ivushkina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-145-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-145-149","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"40 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typological passport of Basque as a minority language","authors":"N. A. Lavrova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-26-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-26-41","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to make an inventory of the most salient typological traits of Basque as one of the extant minority languages, whose origin and typological status have been debated ever since the 16th century. Despite the well-meaning attempts to compile a unified standard of Basque, the majority of its speakers communicate using one of its numerous dialects. Apart from that, most of the contemporary coursebooks of Basque convey contradictory messages about its main grammatical features. This lack of uniformity acts as an impediment on the way to learning Basque or forming a well-defined concept of its typology. To enhance and spread knowledge about Basque typology, the present research adopts the methodology of contrastive-typological studies, namely, the method of typological passport developed by Professor V.D. Arakin. The empirical data for the research were drawn from the courseand textbooks recommended by The Royal Academy of the Basque Language. Research results revealed a number of universal typological traits shared by Basque with well-studied languages of the world, such as the presence of articles, cases, assimilation, post-modifying adjectives, etc. However, from the perspective of contrastive typology, it is the unique typological features that are most typologically and conceptually salient, such as voiced and devoiced aspiration, variations in the pronunciation of diaphonic sounds, non-systematic (non-pleonastic) marking of number, conceptual salience of specific numerals (2, 4, and 11), neutral and emphatic world-building patterns as well the absence of some models altogether (blending, shortening, back-formation). Research results show that the typological passport of Basque can be defined as an agglutinative language with suffixes, syntactic agreement and fusions at morphemic junctures. One of the avenues for further research is a multifactorial analysis with a view to obtaining statistical data about typologically significant categories of Basque.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}