Linguistics & Polyglot Studies最新文献

{"title":"Punctuation as a tool of the communicative and semantic organization of the text: norm and usus (on the material of the Spanish language)","authors":"Yu. V. Vereshchinskaya, E. S. Syschikova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-8-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-4-37-8-25","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of Spanish punctuation from the point of view of its role in the communicative and semantic organization of the text. The setting of certain punctuation marks or their absence always raises questions among students of the Spanish language, and therefore requires in-depth scientific research and clarification. The article studies the punctuation rules established by the Royal Spanish Academy, and deviations from them, which may be associated with the prosodic tradition of the language, the presence of secondary members, genre originality, the influence of the English language, the individual characteristics of the author’s style, the communicative task of the utterance, etc. The source material was contemporary Spanish-language fiction, periodical texts, scientific articles, blog fragments, and comments on social networks. Thus, the work reflects the compositional and semantic features of all genres. In Spanish sentences, the role of the prosodic tradition is strong, so often the punctuation marks are dictated by the presence of the pause in oral speech or the intonation of the utterance. At the same time, punctuation marks show semantic-syntactic links between text units that contribute to the understanding of the text. In the article, the authors consider in detail the features of the use of periods, commas, semicolons, colons, round and square brackets, dashes, quotation marks, question and exclamation marks, and ellipsis. The most difficult is the setting of a comma, which, in addition to its main functions of enumeration, treatment, application, isolation of introductory information, is used in elliptical constructions, in the presence of syntactic inversion, to separate definitive clauses, in order to avoid ambiguity. The clarifying function in Spanish is performed by commas, brackets and dashes. The choice of this or that sign is dictated by the degree of proximity of the explanatory information to the main sentence and the nature of the perception of this utterance by the reader. A distinctive feature of Spanish punctuation is the designation of interrogative and exclamatory intonation in writing using the double use of question and exclamation marks: at the beginning of a sentence, inverted, and at the end of a sentence, in the usual form. Despite the prescriptive nature of punctuation rules, modern Spanish texts contain many examples of unregulated use of punctuation marks, and in some cases ignoring them leads to misunderstanding of the text. The article may be of interest to philologists, teachers of Spanish as a foreign language and all those who study Spanish.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The portrait of an imperfect person in contemporary Japanese and the means of conveying it in Russian: a study of the collocations with the word 残念 zannen","authors":"N. V. Sumskaya","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-146-156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-146-156","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the word 残念 zannen and its transformed meaning in contemporary Japanese. Initially having the semantics of regret and used in reaction to an undesired outcome, 残念 zannen has come to be used in describing human flaws. The paper analyses the definitions of 残念 zannen in Japanese dictionaries and highlights the key semantic components that are not revealed in its Russian equivalents “вызывающий сожаление” (“regrettable”) and “досадный” (“disappointing”). The paper identifies the features that determine the dividing line between 残念 zannen and a closely related notion ダメ dame with regard to the description of a person. 残念 zannen is subsequently studied in the Japanese Internet discourse. The paper analyzes its semantics in collocations with the words 人 hito (person), 美人 bijin (beauty) and イケメン ikemen (handsome man), reveals the features linked to 残念 zannen, and provides their possible translations into Russian. The semantic components identified in the Japanese dictionary definitions and in discourse analysis are then used to translate the word 残念 zannen in contexts. Where possible, the translation of the word combination 残念 zannen-na hito into Russian should reflect the semantics of disappointment, imperfection, and the possibility for improvement, whereas the translated collocations 残念な美人 zannen-na bijin and 残念なイケメン zannen-na ikemen should convey the semantics of the conflict between the good looks and a flawed personality. The literal interpretation of 残念 zannen is inappropriate from both stylistic and semantic points of view, which can be compensated by translation transformations, such as concretization and loss-of-meaning compensation. The article is intended for Japanologists, cultural linguists, and translators, as well as Japanese language instructors and students.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121623094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive research in pedagogy: conceptual metaphor in CLIL-economics","authors":"T. Andryukhina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-103-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-103-115","url":null,"abstract":"   The paper analyses a prominent topic of current research into implementing cognitive findings in pedagogy. The study pursues a threefold purpose. It aims to review research literature on the instructional application of cognitive research in general and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) in particular. Conceptual metaphor investigation is a broad strand of cognitive research that has promised to discover new insights in methodological approaches applicable to different specialist subjects including economics known for ubiquitous use of metaphors. The second focus of this study is to review research papers on the use of cognitive findings including Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) which names cognition as one of its key components indispensable for content and language coordination.   The paper aims to ascertain whether conceptual metaphor research plays any role in CLIL pedagogy and whether the pedagogical potential of language and theory-constitutive metaphors is used in CLIL-economics instruction.   This study finds that conceptual metaphor as a property of both language and thought ensuring the convergence of learning economic language and content has not yet been translated to CLIL practice despite its great potential. Thirdly, the paper looks into the pedagogical implications of CMT findings in CLIL-economics. The paper argues that conceptual metaphor agrees with the tenets of integrated economic language and content learning. A cognitive interface between metaphor-based economic language and content which ensures their integration in CLIL methodology is postulated. Some steps in applying a metaphor-based approach in CLIL-economics are suggested.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114140901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phraseological unit une pomme de discorde in cognitive-discursive consideration (on the material of the modern French Press)","authors":"Y. V. Stepanyuk","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-62-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-62-78","url":null,"abstract":"   This article is focused on the functioning of the phraseological unit une pomme de discorde in French from the standpoint of the cognitive-discursive paradigm.   The purpose of the work is to present the foundations of the semiosis of the considered phraseological unit as a cognitive scenario, to establish its main components and their transformations in the target areas.   The main material was publications in modern French periodicals Le Monde, Le Figaro, Liberation, L’Obs, 20 minutes, Le Point, posted on the respective websites, for the period from 2018 to the first half of 2022. In the process of research, methods of observation, description, interpretation, modeling, lexicographic, linguistic, contextual, cognitive analysis were used. The study of the phraseological unit was carried out in several stages: first, its status was determined, then it was studied from the semantic-cognitive and functional-discursive aspects. It was found that une pomme de discorde belongs to the group of antique phraseological units and is a phraseological universal. Its phraseological meaning ‘a subject of dispute and disagreement’ was fixed in the French language in 1680 on the basis of a cognitive scenario dating back to the ancient Greek mythology. Four microsituations were identified in the scenario structure, but none of them is profiled completely in the target area. The transformations of the basic scenario of a dispute (conflict) affected all its main components: the sphere of manifestation, the type of conflict, its dynamics, structure (participants, their goals, the object of the conflict). Target areas – areas of conflicts manifestation, in which the baseline scenario is profiled, were grouped by territorial reference (France or other states) and by thematic areas (internal or international issues). The political, economic and social spheres are mainly represented, less often the cultural ones. By its type, the conflict has transformed from interpersonal to intergroup and interstate, from trilateral to bilateral. The object of conflict in the target areas are mainly material values, less often social and spiritual ones. In general, the objects of conflicts are things and phenomena, and only in exceptional cases − persons. The subjects of conflicts can strive both for the possession of an object or for its rejection. Thus, the phraseological unit of the French language une pomme de discorde actualizes the concepts of DISPUTE, CONFLICT and WAR. The wide use of the phraseological unit and a wide variety of areas of purpose prove the relevance of ancient images, the high viability of the phraseological unit under consideration and its high phraseological potential.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying and interpreting euphemisms and dysphemisms in RFL classes (the case of political discourse)","authors":"K. Agafonova, T. Krotova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-92-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-92-102","url":null,"abstract":"   This article is devoted to the issue of the need to include in the course of Russian as a foreign language the work on the analysis of Russian-speaking political discourse, the issues of identifying and interpreting euphemisms and dysphemisms in the political discourse, in particular. Euphemisms and dysphemisms are widely used by Russian speakers in a variety of communication situations and speech genres, including political discourse, which makes the research devoted to the systematic description of their functioning in modern Russian-language communication and their place in the Russian language picture of the world urgent.   The relevance of the present study is due to the need to integrate the results of cognitive and pragmatic research into the purposeful activities of the teacher of Russian as a foreign language to form the linguistic personality of a foreign student, capable of educational and professional activities in the conditions of multicultural dialogue.   The paper deals with the formation of foreign students’ skills and abilities of discursive analysis of the Russian text, identification and interpretation of speech tactics and strategies, the strategy of dominance and resistance, implemented in speech through the use of euphemisms and dysphemisms, in particular. At high levels of proficiency in Russian as a foreign language B2-C1 these skills are a necessary element of the professional competence of humanities professionals. The choice of political texts as the material for the analysis is connected with the fact that for professionals in the humanities, in the field of international relations, in particular, political discourse is a significant sphere of official communication and professional interaction.   The aim of the present study is to analyze the theoretical foundations for describing euphemisms and dysphemisms for linguistic and pedagogical purposes, and to develop an approach to creating learning materials aimed at building the skills and abilities of foreign students to recognize hidden meanings and tools of indirect communication in Russian political discourse.   The use of the proposed approach helps to develop in foreign students the ability to analyze political discourse and to identify the author’s key and secondary intentions, as well as to improve the skill of operating political terminology and the selection of lexical and verbal means in accordance with the communicative situation and the communicative goals and intentions pursued. The authors relied on the works of domestic and foreign linguists and methodologists in their research. The sociocultural, competence and systemic approaches were used in the research, and the method of complex text analysis and descriptive method were applied.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123190561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-detective space of the Spanish noir: “The Invisible Guard” by Dolores Redondo","authors":"E. Korzhukova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-134-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-134-145","url":null,"abstract":"   Spanish noir is only gaining popularity among the Russian audience, although it is quite famous in other countries outside Spain. Several works, mainly by foreign authors, studied this kind of black detective, certain features of the genre. However, in the context of the non-detective novel space of the works by the Spanish writer Dolores Redondo, such studies do not exist yet. That is why a comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon in the novel «El guardián invisible», 2013 («The Invisible Guard») from «Trilogía del Baztán» (Bastan Trilogy) seems to be relevant.   The purpose of the study is to describe Spanish noir through the structural and analytical characteristics of the non-detective components of the genre.   The research is based on literary, cultural and artistic analysis of the novel. The analytical base is not only the original text of the novel, but also a series of interviews by the author containing her interesting revelations. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that Spanish noir has left the boundaries of the classic detective story, thus turning into a kind of “regional” or “local” black detective story. Its integral elements are the inclusion of the plot space in a specific cultural and geographical context with its inherent historical, mythological and anthropological features, as well as an organic bond of the figure of the detective with this space. Non-detective features of the Spanish noir include representation of the way of life, traditions, beliefs, and the history of the place and its inhabitants. In non-Spanish readers’ view, Spanish noir not only immerses one into the world of an exciting mystical thriller, but also serves as a powerful cognitive impulse to study an unusual, non-stereotypical Spain in its historical and cultural diversity.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121896601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euphemistic nomination of poverty in German journalism","authors":"E. Shubina, J. A. Raikova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-79-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-79-91","url":null,"abstract":"   This article explores euphemisms, which are a means of replacing one linguistic means with another, more euphonious for the sender or addressee. Euphemisms include concepts that embellish the linguistic description that they want to avoid. In journalistic texts that are devoted to economic issues, euphemisms have an intentionally given communicative and pragmatic effect on the recipient.   The purpose of the study is to identify and linguistically describe the means of euphemizing poverty found in the German article “Endlich wieder Donnerstag!” (Finally Thursday again!), devoted to problems in the economic sphere.   An attempt is made to linguistically describe the means of euphemization in German economic discourse based on one article. The research material was an article on economics from the German electronic edition of the daily newspaper “Die Tageszeitung”, containing various euphemized and non-euphemized variants of the poverty nomination. So far, no attempts have been made in domestic and foreign Germanistics to describe linguistically the means of euphemization in the economic discourse of Germany based on the material of one journalistic text. In the course of the study, euphemized and non-euphemized variants of poverty nominations were identified in the following thematic areas: “causes of poverty”, “characteristics of the financial situation”, “naming people in a difficult financial situation”, “ways to solve the problem of poverty on the part of the state, charitable organizations and citizens themselves”. The analysis made it possible to reveal the fact that the authors of journalistic texts use euphemization techniques in order to hide, disguise concepts that are inconvenient to mention or discredit the ruling coalition, avoid creating a negative image of poor people in the reader, disguise their plight, and avoid spreading panic among German residents. In addition, the use of euphemisms in a journalistic text helps to soften the perception of financial difficulties and reduce communicative discomfort. The data obtained as a result of this study can be used in the analysis and interpretation of journalistic texts from the German-language press.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123006840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old English terminological word-complexes in natural philosophic worldview (exemplified by terms of astronomy)","authors":"S. Mukhin, D. A. Efremova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-48-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-48-61","url":null,"abstract":"   The research focuses on the study of terminological word-complexes in Old English. Following a complex multidisciplinary approach, it addresses the linguistic evidence from the viewpoint of terminology, phraseology and linguoculturology. The article analyzes the role of terminological word- complexes from the Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astronomy in the semiotic segment of natural philosophy in the Pre-Norman linguistic community of England. The research is conducted mainly within the framework of linguocultural approach. The 27 terminological word-complexes under analysis belong to the sphere of theoretical and observational astronomy and are taken from the text of the 10th century Anglo-Saxon Manual of Astronomy. The system of methods includes analysis of dictionary definitions, componential analysis, phraseological identification, contextual analysis, etc. The research proceeds from the assumption that Old English astronomic terms subsume culturally significant information on the Early Medieval prescientific worldview. Most terms are substantive phrases denoting heavenly bodies and their characteristics, peculiarities of the Universe’s physical structure, and events of the astronomic calendar. A number of inherent characteristics, such as recurrence of use and metaphoric transformation of the components’ semantics allow for treating the terminological word-complexes as phraseological entities. The entirety of word-complexes falls into two groups of word-combinations of idiomatic and phraseomatiс type. The research consecutively puts to scrutiny the terminological word-complexes verbalizing the concepts ‘heavenly body’, ‘outer space’, and ‘orbital rotation’. Attention is paid to the volume and character of culturally significant information conveyed by the astronomical terms in context and demonstrating the natural philosophical interpretation of the physical world structure as different from the modern scientific views. A conclusion is made that further research of phraseologically bound terminological word-complexes pertaining to various spheres of knowledge is needed to reconstruct the complete picture of natural philosophic worldview for the benefit of phraseology, terminology, linguoculturology and history of English.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"34 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123491591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who is “the true Dane” in Modern Denmark? The Danish language within “Danishness (Dankhed)” concept","authors":"O. E. Krasova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-116-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-116-133","url":null,"abstract":"   This article is dedicated to the role of the Danish Language in the Kingdom of Denmark, Faroe Islands and Greenland, in the light of Denmark’s ethnic  composition changes throughout the latest 200 years. Initially, this issue was raised in the 19th century, after Denmark encountered tragic occasions: the defeat in the Napoleonic and the Second Schleswig Wars, and the dissolution of the Denmark-Norway Union. The loss of the territories led to the development of cultural, educational, and patriotic programs in Denmark, in order to overcome the comprehensive national crisis. The core question was: “Who can be considered as a Dane?” Up to 1814, there was 25 % of German population in the Denmark-Norway Union. After Norway separated, the percentage of Germans in Denmark rose up to 40 %. Then, Danish national self-identification was based on the formula: “Everyone who’s not German is Dane”, and knowledge of the Danish language became the key factor. The Danish teacher and pastor N. F. S. Grundtvig developed the concept of Danish nationality – “Danishness” (“Danskhed”). According to it, the national unity was built upon native language, common national culture and common national history. This concept is still widely acclaimed in modern Denmark. Various political parties while performing tough debates in the parliament, media and social networks, are reviving the same question: “Who is the true Dane in Denmark today?” The problem of the Danish language status is the most important for Danish society, since the number of people who migrate to Denmark and carry “alien” culture and “alien” values is constantly increasing. This article is based solely on the Danish informational sources: official websites, encyclopedias, media, discussion boards, and social networks.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123983349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precedent name: from the source spheres “literature” and “cinema” in the target sphere “political discourse” (based on the material of the Spanish-language media)","authors":"I. P. Murzin","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-32-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2023-2-35-32-47","url":null,"abstract":"   The article is devoted to the consideration of the metaphorical use of precedent names from the source spheres “literature” and “cinema” in the political discourse of modern Spanish-language mass media. The names of heroes of ancient mythology, works of classical Spanish and foreign literature, including children’s literature, as well as movie characters, carriers of certain qualities and properties, are widely used as precedents. As a result of the study, the grounds for metaphorical transfer from the named source spheres to the target sphere are established. The function of precedent names is also revealed not only as actualizers of the precedent situation, but also as a means of characterization of political opponents in the sphere of political discourse in the context of the struggle of political forces for the possession, preservation and disposal of power. The modern political discourse of the Spanish-language media as an arena of political confrontation is characterized by intolerance, agonality, the “language of hostility” marking opponents as “alien” in the “friend”– “alien” binary opposition with the predominance of discrediting characterization of political opponents aimed at debunking claims to leadership of a politician, demonstrating his incompetence and hanging labels. In the context of the language game, precedent names are used as a metaphorical definition of the names of current politicians. For characterization, precedent names are taken with both negative and positive connotations, but imparting a negative connotation to the object of characterization due to the emerging phenomenon of enantiosemia when using them as a metaphorical definition of proper names. Thanks to the atmosphere of the language game created in journalistic texts by means of well-known precedent names from works of mass culture, through the game connection of the name of a politician with the precedent name of a characteristic hero, such texts acquire the property of information and entertainment journalism, they implement the pragmatic function of precedent names aimed at manipulating the addressee, at encouraging him to act for the purposes of one political actor or another, and a sign of political technologies is revealed with full evidence of the author’s intentions.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics & Polyglot Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121120373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}