德国新闻对贫困的委婉提法

E. Shubina, J. A. Raikova
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摘要

委婉语是指用一种语言手段代替另一种语言手段,对发送者或收信人来说更为悦耳动听。委婉语包括修饰语言描述的概念,这些概念是他们想要避免的。在专门讨论经济问题的新闻文本中,委婉语对接收者具有有意赋予的交际和语用效果。本研究的目的是识别并从语言上描述德语文章“Endlich wieder Donnerstag!”(又到了周四!),专门讨论经济领域的问题。本文以一篇文章为基础,试图从语言学上描述德语经济话语中委婉语的使用方式。研究材料是日报“Die Tageszeitung”的德国电子版上的一篇经济学文章,其中载有关于贫困提名的各种委婉和非委婉的变体。到目前为止,国内外的日耳曼学还没有尝试基于一篇新闻文本的材料从语言学上描述德国经济话语中的委婉语手段。在研究过程中,在以下主题领域确定了委婉和非委婉的贫困提名形式:“贫困的原因”、“财政状况的特征”、“财政困难的人”、“国家、慈善组织和公民自己解决贫困问题的方法”。通过分析,可以发现新闻文本的作者使用委婉语的目的是为了隐藏、掩饰难以提及的概念或诋毁执政联盟,避免在读者中造成穷人的负面形象,掩盖他们的困境,避免在德国居民中传播恐慌。此外,在新闻文章中使用委婉语有助于缓和经济困难的感觉,减少交流的不适。这项研究所获得的数据可用于分析和解释来自德语报刊的新闻文本。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Euphemistic nomination of poverty in German journalism
   This article explores euphemisms, which are a means of replacing one linguistic means with another, more euphonious for the sender or addressee. Euphemisms include concepts that embellish the linguistic description that they want to avoid. In journalistic texts that are devoted to economic issues, euphemisms have an intentionally given communicative and pragmatic effect on the recipient.   The purpose of the study is to identify and linguistically describe the means of euphemizing poverty found in the German article “Endlich wieder Donnerstag!” (Finally Thursday again!), devoted to problems in the economic sphere.   An attempt is made to linguistically describe the means of euphemization in German economic discourse based on one article. The research material was an article on economics from the German electronic edition of the daily newspaper “Die Tageszeitung”, containing various euphemized and non-euphemized variants of the poverty nomination. So far, no attempts have been made in domestic and foreign Germanistics to describe linguistically the means of euphemization in the economic discourse of Germany based on the material of one journalistic text. In the course of the study, euphemized and non-euphemized variants of poverty nominations were identified in the following thematic areas: “causes of poverty”, “characteristics of the financial situation”, “naming people in a difficult financial situation”, “ways to solve the problem of poverty on the part of the state, charitable organizations and citizens themselves”. The analysis made it possible to reveal the fact that the authors of journalistic texts use euphemization techniques in order to hide, disguise concepts that are inconvenient to mention or discredit the ruling coalition, avoid creating a negative image of poor people in the reader, disguise their plight, and avoid spreading panic among German residents. In addition, the use of euphemisms in a journalistic text helps to soften the perception of financial difficulties and reduce communicative discomfort. The data obtained as a result of this study can be used in the analysis and interpretation of journalistic texts from the German-language press.
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