Linguistics & Polyglot Studies最新文献

{"title":"Geolinguistics movement in the Himalayan range of Nepal","authors":"A. Bishowkarma","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-145-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-145-146","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124203098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actualization of the speech genre of greetings in linguocultures of different-structured languages.","authors":"E. R. Bikmullinа","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-100-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-100-111","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the speech genre of greetings and its actualization in the Russian and Chinese languages. According to M.M. Bakhtin, an outstanding philosopher, founder of the theory of speech genres, a person masters the language in the format of acquiring its “genre repertoire”. Such a repertoire includes speech genres − models of various types of statements, such as questions, congratulations, wishes, gratitude, etc. The choice of these genres is determined by the situation of interaction between communicants. Greeting is an indispensable ritual of speech etiquette, which is performed to maintain comfortable interaction between participants of communication in any linguoculture. The very pronunciation of a greeting or the use of an appropriate greeting gesture, or a ceremony, is an “actualization” of this speech genre marking a situation of meeting and initiating communication. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the approach to studying and comparing greetings of languages, which have different structures, mainly Russian and Chinese, within the framework of the theory of speech genres. The aim of this article is to find out and interpret the similarities and differences in the actualization of the speech genre of greeting from the point of view of linguoculturology, the branch of linguistics that studies manifestations of culture of an ethnic group reflected and entrenched in the language they speak. In order to carry out a comparison analysis, three types of greetings, traditionally offered in phrasebooks and foreign language teaching manuals, were selected, based on a high frequency of their use. These types are: 1) greetings common for a situation of formal style communication, 2) time-bound greetings, 3) those used in conversations between friends and family, i.e., close people who know each other quite well. The study revealed that in both languages, greetings of the first type contain the semes of wishes of well-being and hopes for health in Russian «Здравствуй(те)» and Chinese “你好”. In greetings of the second type, the similarity of forms and meanings is also traced. Bright differences in the forms of actualization of SG of greetings are observed among the third type of greeting. For example, in Chinese linguoculture there are greetings reflecting a special, respectful attitude of the Chinese people towards rice and food on the whole, for example, “你吃了吗?” (meaning “Did you eat?”).","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"480 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133666393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active models in modern Portuguese neology: new words and the pandemic","authors":"O. Saprykina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-29-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-29-39","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, neology is considered as a heuristic activity that is carried out with the help of language. The article uses materials of modern Portuguese-language media discourse, of the Internet version of the leading media resources in Portugal and Brazil, in particular. The combination of structural, psycholinguistic, functional-stylistic, denotative, cognitive-discursive and lexicographic approaches helps to identify the main active models in the field of Portuguese neology. During the coronavirus pandemic, Portuguese neology develops in a classical way, at the same time some new phenomena are observed. Traditionally, occurring processes include word formation (affixation, abbreviation and word composition), semantic reinterpretations of lexical units, and borrowings. There is a large proportion of initial abbreviations in word formation, both alphabetic (sigla) and phonetic (acronyms). Many initial abbreviations are of international origin. Compound words function alongside scientific symbols. In affixation, prefix word-formation is prevailing. To enrich the dictionary, borrowings are attracted mainly from the English language. New neological models are associated with the determinologization of medicine vocabulary, which migrates into everyday discourse. Proper names are interpreted in a new way. Some anthroponyms, mythonyms and toponyms acquire associative connotations or become part of complex words. Derivation in the field of phraseology, in which the number of fixed combinations increases, is boosting. Paremiology is being renewed with antiproverbs. Linguocreative activity is represented by expressive memes and hashtags. In the pandemic period, along with neologisms, potential words with great expressiveness appear. Portuguese neology actively conceptualizes the events of the coronavirus pandemic. In the field of conceptualization, subdomains of medicine, media and everyday discourse, in the focus of which lies the concept of “disease”, are distinguished. The latter is understood both with the help of conventional lexical means and lexical resources from different styles. During the pandemic, the neological field “coronavirus pandemic” appears as part of the constantly expanding neologosphere of the language.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115551042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geolinguistics and polyglot studies at the service of peace","authors":"H. Kitabayashi","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-143-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-143-144","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedging in the Swiss version of economic discourse","authors":"A. Sedova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-40-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-40-52","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the linguo-pragmatic potential of hedging, which is a means of speech insurance. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe linguistically the means of hedging used by journalists in Swiss articles on economic issues, taking into account the peculiarities of the language situation in German-speaking Switzerland. An attempt is made to determine the pragmatic function of the identified hedging instruments. The materials of the study are fragments from economic articles of the major Swiss media containing various hedging markers. So far, no attempts have been made in Russian and foreign German studies to describe linguistically the means of hedging in Swiss economic discourse. The study identified lexical and grammatical hedging: Konjunktiv I as a marker of indirect speech; hypothetical constructions with Konjunktiv II; means of implementing ambiguity and approximation; impersonal constructions; concessive structures; lexical means of realization of subjective forecast; modal words. The analysis showed that most often the authors of news reports use Konjunktiv I as a marker of indirect speech, as well as hypothetical constructions with Konjunktiv II. The conducted linguo-pragmatic analysis revealed that the authors of journalistic texts use these linguistic means in order to minimize their responsibility for what is being reported, referring to an external source of information, to express doubt, non-categorical assumption about future events, to label uncertainty and shirk responsibility when in doubt about exact facts or figures. The use of hedging in journalism also contributes to the dedramatization of the situation, to the preservation of the reputation of companies and the prevention of critical reviews and the growth of panic on the part of readers. The data obtained as a result of the analysis can be used in linguistic analysis and interpretation of economic texts to identify the linguistic features of the Swiss economic discourse.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115857740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender specific syntagmatic peculiarities of phrasal rhythm in the course of extemporaneous reading aloud (American English)","authors":"A. S. Bankov","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-8-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the methods, the major stages and results of the study of how gender influences the syntagmatic properties of phrasal rhythm in the course of extemporaneous reading aloud in contemporary American English. The given description is the second stage of the study focusing on the influence of gender on phrasal rhythm in the type of language activity being considered. Previously, gender specific male and female “repertoires” of statistically valid types of rhythmical groups (i.e. the paradigmatic properties of rhythmical groups) were determined. A rhythmical group is understood as a suprasyllabic prosodic unit comprising one stressed and a number of unstressed syllables adjacent to it. The position and the number of the unstressed syllables in the rhythmical group determine its type. At this stage of the study, the peculiarities of the combinability of different types of rhythmical groups and their valency are being scrutinized. In the realm of combinability peculiarities of rhythmical groups, the statistics of the types and kinds of observed contacts are being analyzed: contrastive/non-contrastive increase/decrease of rhythm, the rate of rhythm changes as well as cases of unchanged rhythm. Statistically valid genderfactored differences are being determined. Among the statistical tools the following were mostly employed: measures of central tendency (the mean value), measures of variability (dispersion) and the probability theory (to determine the valency). It has been established that the type of the language activity, which is being considered here, allowing almost no freedom of the speakers to organize the phrasal rhythm at their own discretion, greatly influences the results. Thus, male and female manifestations in a vast number of indicators show no statistically relevant differences, especially when group mean values are considered. The majority of statistically valid gender specific differences are observed only in the values of dispersion, which show the degree of uniformity, immutability of the events. The discussion section of the article represents the author’s speculation about the accuracy and efficiency of the auditory-functional method that is being employed to determine the contrastive/non-contrastive rhythm modulation: by the difference in the number of unstressed syllables between the adjacent rhythmical groups without regard given to their positions relevant to the stressed syllable. Eventually the author concludes that the controversy of the method is to be smoothed out by the acoustic analysis of the actual data.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114431048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonoesthetics of German speech in the perception of Russian speaking recipients","authors":"E. Shesterina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-63-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-63-74","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to study the aesthetic side of sounding German speech perceived by native speakers of the Russian language, as well as to determine the linguistic mechanisms that determine the nature of their assessment. Current changes in Russian-speaking recipients’ perception of the sounding German speech are revealed. The posts in the Internet forums are analyzed, and negative stereotypes are identified which determine the assessment of the aesthetics of German pronunciation, and it origin, with a special role played by feature films about the war against Nazi Germany and documentary chronicles with the speeches of National Socialism leaders. The conclusion is made about the excessive emotionality and aggressiveness of such speeches, however, this manner of speaking is a “stage language” (Bühnensprache) which is not typical of everyday German communication. This aggressively stylized sounding of the German language is used today in popular culture often to create a feeling of rudeness among foreign-language recipients. At the segment level, the negative assessment of sounding German speech by Russianspeaking recipients is associated with the pronunciation of the uvular trembling consonant [ʀ] and the voiced uvular spirant [ʁ]. Aspirates and glottal stops in the German language foster the participants of the experiment and the authors of the posts on the Internet to characterize German speech as clear, but in terms of its melody − as torn or “barking”. Due to the aspiration of voiceless plosives, as well as voiceless palatal spirant [ç], Russian-speaking recipients characterize German speech as hissing and whistling. At the suprasegmental level, greater tension in the pronunciation of sounds, along with a rising tone in neutral communication, make Russian-speaking recipients qualify German speech as rough and aggressive.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129469040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronism and diachronism of antique origin idioms in the English language media discourse","authors":"T. P. Filichkina","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the semantics of idioms of antique origin in media discourse from the standpoint of synchrony and diachrony. The study of media discourse as a phenomenon of language and as an extralinguistic entity enables us to consider it using methods of cognitive and discourse analyses. Phraseological units as inherent elements of mediatexts have a powerful connotative (evaluative) potential at the synchronic level that is identified by referring to the source of the expression at the diachronic level. Cognitive analysis determines the evaluative potential in the semantics of idioms associated with subjective modalities. Axiological modality represents rational (positive or negative) evaluation of real situations. Emotive modality embraces the whole range of emotions (condemnation, approval, admiration, disapproval). Deontic modality relates to the system of norms that regulate the behavior of people in the society. Being originally precedent phenomena, phraseological units of antique origin store in their semantics a considerable volume of information about the events of past epochs, about the value system of the ancient world. The study of idioms of antique origin as a synchronous unit does not give a complete idea of its modern meaning. The combination of cognitive analysis method that examines the synchronic semantics of the phraseological unit from the position of diachronic approach, and discourse analysis method, which takes into account the extralinguistic situation, can determine the actual sense and connotative potential of the idiom of antique origin in the mediatext.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122863815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phraseological units as components of pun in advertising slogans (on the material of the German language)","authors":"E. Shubina, O. Semenova","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-75-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-75-84","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines mechanisms of building up puns in phraseological units in German advertising slogans. The online portal Slogan.de serves as the source for the language material and represents an extensive electronic database of slogans. The material of the electronic archive Slogan.de is presented on the examples from 35 economic branches. The aim of this study is to analyze the processes of building puns through the interaction of phraseological units within the pragmatic aspect of advertising texts, as well as the systematization of these processes. The relevance of the article is based on the fact that phraseological units are the object of special interest to linguists due to their variability. Phraseological units are also considered in this article in the paradigm of such a social and pragmatic phenomenon as the language of advertising. Advertising is designed to influence its recipient − to call for action, to convince, to waive objections. An advertising slogan has an even more specific purpose. Being a pragmatically oriented phenomenon, the slogan has its function to express the company’s philosophy as concise as possible, to evoke an emotional response and ensure its memorability. The slogan contains a complex of unique linguistic solutions and is mainly related with a deviation from the norm and building up a wordplay. Phraseological units also have a wide cognitive and linguapragmatic potential. They allow puns into their structure due to their variability. Methods of continuous sampling and semantic analysis were used. The paper analyzes and systematizes the main methods of constructing puns in phraseological units in their direct relationship with the extralinguistic context. The selected examples were divided into two main types of mechanisms: puns built up by changing the word and syntagma (at the phonetic, morphemic, lexical and syntactic levels) and puns built up without changing the word and syntagma. The paper states that a pun is closely related with the context of the advertising slogan and information about the product advertised.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"30 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133579773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"René Lévesque political discourse features in context of fight for quebec identity","authors":"E. Ovcharenko","doi":"10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-112-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-2-31-112-125","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers René Lévesque’s (1922–1987) political discourse in context of his fight for Quebec identity. In our opinion, he was the most brilliant Quebec leader during the second half of the XX century. A selection of his grand speeches and the best interviews “La voix de René Lévesque” (Québec, 2002) were used as the source for analysis. Being media and mass communication researcher, the author does not aspire solely to linguistic analysis. We consider René Lévesque’s political discourse in view of his ability to communicate with different audiences supporting the Quebec’s identity. So, it was very important to determine R. Lévesque’s target audiences and the principal methods of influencing them. The speeches of R. Lévesque as a politician reflect his experience as a TV journalist (his habit of oral, not written presentation of information), hence some “roughness” of his speeches – the use of interjections, tautology, and the lack of stylistic artistry. One of the conclusions made is that all public R. Lévesque’s speeches demonstrate, step by step, his consistent programme for preserving Quebec identity in its English environment (the change of self-designation into “Québécois (Quebeckers)”; the proclamation of French as the only language of the province; the attempt to secure the support of France, its former metropolis; referendum on province independence; declining the federal offer to sign “patriated” Canadian Constitution without recognizing Quebec as “a distinct society” and others). However, Prime Minister Pierre-Elliotte Trudeau, his federal opponent, considered René Lévesque an ambitious person, who wanted to split united Canada. Unfortunately, “La voix de René Lévesque” did not include the internal Quebec Party discussions on province independence, which became the reason for René Lévesque to abandon Quebec Party and his post of Quebec Prime Minister. The author argues that political discourse of national Quebec leader René Lévesque was a form of social action, which served as a prerequisite for recognizing the Quebec Nation by the Parliament of Canada in 2006. At present Quebec Party, based on René Lévesque’s political legacy continues to develop it, and the thesis of Quebec’s Independence is still in its programme. The research shows that political discourse of small nations leaders like René Lévesque needs to be under further studies. The resonating context of the modern world gives us many other similar regional situations.","PeriodicalId":428469,"journal":{"name":"Linguistics &amp; Polyglot Studies","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115322835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}