Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking sensitivity: Innovative ratiometric fluorescence methodology for early detection of CA125 in ovarian cancer using pH-responsive nanocapsules integrated with MOF and gold nanoparticles","authors":"Somayeh Hamd Ghadareh ,&nbsp;Kurdistan Fakhraldin Azeez ,&nbsp;Abdollah Salimi","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality due to its asymptomatic progression and late diagnosis. Herein, we present an ultrasensitive ratiometric fluorescence assay for detecting cancer antigen 125 (CA125), a key biomarker of ovarian cancer. This assay integrates a photoluminescent aluminum-based metal-organic framework (Al-MOF), antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and cleavable silica nanocapsules (CSNs). The Al-MOF functions as both a recognition probe and an acidic environment generator, emitting fluorescence at 426 nm, while AuNPs serve as Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenchers. CSNs encapsulate cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs; λem = 496 nm) and CA125 antigens within a silica shell crosslinked by pH-sensitive diiminodialkyl silane linkers. Upon antigen binding, the CA125 bridges the Al-MOF and AuNPs, inducing proximity-dependent FRET quenching of Al-MOF fluorescence. Concurrently, the acidic environment cleaves the diimine linkers, releasing the encapsulated QDs and antigens. This dual mechanism generates inversely correlated signals including quenched Al-MOF emission at 426 nm and enhanced QD fluorescence at 496 nm under 370 nm excitation. The assay achieves a detection limit of 37.5 nU/mL for Al-MOF/AuNPs and 0.7 nU/mL for the ratiometric readout (F₄₉₆/F₄₂₆), demonstrating an 86-fold sensitivity enhancement over single emission systems. High specificity in human serum samples and strong resistance to interference highlight its potential for early and reliable ovarian cancer diagnostics. The dual‑signal immunoassay was further validated against electrochemiluminescence (ECL), confirming its analytical robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex pathogenic bacteria detection in food systems using gold-nanoparticles coupled with porous silicon microarray used as a SERS-transducer","authors":"Divagar Muthukumar ,&nbsp;Omer Tamari ,&nbsp;Narsingh R. Nirala ,&nbsp;Rohit Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Moshe Shemesh ,&nbsp;Giorgi Shtenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present a broad SERS-based biosensing platform for multi-target detection via indirect immunoassay. The system employed antibody-functionalized AuNPs linked with an indicative Raman reporter, which were subsequently amplified by a silver-coated porous silicon microarray, employed as the SERS transducer. Under optimized physical parameters and operational conditions, while using a portable Raman device, the bioassay depicted low limits of detection (5, 5, and 4 CFU/mL for <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,</em> and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, respectively) spanning the linear range of 10¹ to 10⁵ CFU/mL. The selectivity of the bioassay was validated against common interfering enteropathogenic species with insignificant cross-reactivity. Subsequently, various food samples, including irrigation water, lettuce, rice, chicken, and milk, were optically assessed while demonstrating recovery rates between 81.4% and 107.1%, with RSD below 8.5% across all studied conditions. Our findings highlight the robustness and applicability of the presented multiplex SERS platform for rapid and accurate detection of bacterial contaminants in complex food systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene quantum dot–guided growth of dendritic gold nanostructures for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of miRNA-9 using a DNA capture probe in spiked human serum","authors":"Sahar Jafarzadeh ,&nbsp;Hossein Siampour ,&nbsp;Abdollah Allahverdi ,&nbsp;koosha Irani ,&nbsp;Amir Bayat ,&nbsp;Esmaiel Saievar-Iranizad","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor was developed to detect miRNA-9 in human serum, based on dendritic gold nanostructure templated by graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Unlike conventional spherical nanoparticles commonly formed under GQD influence, fern leaf-like gold nanostructures (FLGNs) were electrodeposited in the presence of GQDs without the use of classical surfactants or shape-directing agents. This morphology arises from the dual role of GQDs as both complexing agents and soft templates, which modulate ion coordination and charge-transfer kinetics at the electrode interface. The resulting nanostructured surface exhibited a large electroactive area, efficient electron transfer, and anisotropic plasmonic features confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and FESEM analyse. The sensing performance was achieved using a thiolated DNA capture probe-9 immobilized on the gold nanostructured electrode, enabling hybridization-based detection of the target miRNA-9 sequence via a ferro/ferricyanide redox probe. The sensor demonstrated an outstanding detection limit of 0.01 fM and a linear response over a concentration range of 100 aM to 1 nM. It also exhibited excellent selectivity and reliable performance in complex biological matrices, highlighting its potential for early-stage diagnosis. This surfactant-free, GQD-assisted synthesis strategy offers a facile route to anisotropic nanostructures and holds promise for the development of next-generation biosensors and diagnostic platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Integrated biosensors: A paradigm shift in multi-cancer detection with enhanced sensitivity and specificity","authors":"Fatima Naseer ,&nbsp;Ufra Naseer ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yousaf ,&nbsp;Junnan Wei ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Gao ,&nbsp;Dan Li ,&nbsp;Xiujia Tian ,&nbsp;Yanqing Liu ,&nbsp;Xueyan Li ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health problem, with survival closely tied to early detection. Conventional methods like physical examination, laboratory tests, biopsy, and imaging have limitations for detecting low-abundance cancer biomarkers at earlier stages. Because early-stage cancer biomarkers are present at low abundance, there is a need for technologies with low limits of detection that are highly sensitive, specific, and achievable at a manageable cost. In this review, we performed a structured literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from database inception up to December 2024 using keywords related to biosensors, electrochemical, optical, nanomaterial, multi-cancer early detection, and artificial intelligence. We evaluate recent advances in biosensor-based strategies for minimally invasive sampling and summarize how electrochemical, optical, and nanomaterial-based biosensors convert biomarker interactions into measurable signals. For each modality, we outline transduction principles, key biomarker performance, and multiplex capacity, with applications spanning liquid biopsy, breath analysis, and tumor microenvironment readouts. We also summarize AI methods for denoising, feature extraction, multimodal fusion, and classifier training for cancer detection and tumor of origin assignment. Finally, we highlight key translational priorities, including standardized pre-analytical workflows, multi-site studies, well-curated datasets, transparent preprocessing, external validation, privacy-preserving training, and integration with clinical information systems. Overall, the reviewed literature indicates that AI most consistently improves interpretation and classification from complex biosensor readouts, but clinically reliable MCED is still limited by non-standardized pre-analytical handling and insufficient independent external validation. These findings support AI-integrated biosensors as a promising route to shift diagnosis toward earlier stages and enable efficient care pathways within a scalable MCED workflow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of bacterial-nanoparticle interactions via STORM and SEM: Optimising magnetic labelling strategies for biosensor integration","authors":"Pedro Dobroes Fonseca ,&nbsp;Wilson Antunes ,&nbsp;Susana Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic nanoparticles are critical components in biosensors for pathogen detection, enabling magnetic capture, signal amplification, and integration with microfluidic systems. However, the nanoscale mechanisms underlying magnetic nanoparticle–bacteria interactions remain poorly characterised, limiting labelling reproducibility and biosensor sensitivity. This study employed super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles on 2 µm polystyrene beads and <em>Bacillus cereus</em> spores, used as a safe surrogate for <em>Bacillus anthracis</em>. STORM imaging revealed clustered antibody binding at the spore periphery, consistent with structured epitope presentation in the exosporium. Over 80% of localisations were assigned to nanoclusters, confirming non-random antigen distribution. SEM analysis demonstrated that 100 nm dextran-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles provided superior surface dispersion and lower aggregation compared to 250 nm dextran-coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. A vacuum-assisted filtration protocol significantly enhanced magnetic nanoparticle uniformity and specificity while removing loosely associated aggregates. These findings support the use of 100 nm magnetic nanoparticles for biosensor integration and establish a robust image-based workflow for assessing nanoparticle binding at single-cell resolution. This work provides mechanistic insight into bacterial surface labelling and offers a framework for optimising magnetic labelling strategies for future biosensing and diagnostic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-step constructing a p-n heterojunction interfaces for ultrasensitive detection of isopropanol in real stool sample for early colorectal cancer diagnosis and machine learning prediction model","authors":"Weiyu Xiao ,&nbsp;Tong Ji ,&nbsp;Runze Zhong ,&nbsp;Liangdan Zhao ,&nbsp;Lifeng Ding ,&nbsp;Qingliang Tai ,&nbsp;Songbing He ,&nbsp;Qiuchen Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research reported a novel p-n junction interface for the enhanced isopropanol detection to tackle the quantitative analysis of headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for real feces sample from colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy samples in alleviating the uncomfortableness of colonoscopy and false positive in other methods such as genetic related fecal occult blood testing. Iridium oxide and zinc oxide were fabricated according to optimized electrodeposition method and calcination process to further elevate their crystallinity and forming new chemical bond between them. The constructed iridium oxide-zinc oxide p-n junction was used for selective 5 ppm isopropanol detection among 5 ppm methanol, 5 ppm ethanol, 1.6 ppm propan-1-ol, 3.2 ppm buta-1-ol, 80 ppm acetic acid, 106 ppm propanoic acid, and 15 ppm butane-2,3‑dione headspace gases, resulting in an ultrasensitive and selective isopropanol gas sensor. A linear range of 0.0585 ppm to 58.5 ppm isopropanol concentration was constructed with linear product-moment correlation coefficient fitting results of 0.971 for intra-stability test and 0.981 for inter-stability test. The sensitivity is 0.532 and 0.547 for intra- and inter-electrode testing. The proposed sensor possesses CRC pre-screen diagnosis by monitoring isopropanol concentration with a limit of detection (LoD) at 8.32 ppm and limit of quantification (LoQ) at 18.10 ppm. The long-term stability has also been tested up to 90 days. The results demonstrate that the first 30 days the sensor has kept over 90 % of response rate. The as-prepared sensor marks a potential application for real sample screening for CRC disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independently enhanced ethanol detection using photocurrent on higher surface electron density of rutile black TiO2","authors":"Yong Whan Kim ,&nbsp;Seung Yong Lee ,&nbsp;Sol Han ,&nbsp;Min Young Kim ,&nbsp;Jiyeon Shin ,&nbsp;Jimyeong Park ,&nbsp;Myung Sik choi ,&nbsp;Changhyun Jin ,&nbsp;Kyu Hyoung Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong Yun Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TiO₂ generates charge carriers under light irradiation, which are transported to chemical molecules to drive catalytic reactions or serve as signals for detecting hazardous chemicals. Considering the higher light absorption, improved charge-carrier separation, and suppressed recombination, leading to photocurrent generation, black TiO₂, with a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies in the rutile phase, has been proposed as a promising candidate. In this work, we applied black TiO₂ to chemiresistive gas sensing, achieving not only a higher gas response at room temperature but also exclusively enhanced ethanol sensitivity under UV illumination. Increasing oxygen-vacancy concentration and reduced-valence Ti (e.g., Ti³⁺) progressively convert pristine white TiO₂ into yellow and black forms, which correlates with enhanced gas detection. Under UV illumination, the ethanol response of black TiO₂ increases by ∼20 % relative to the no-UV condition, consistent with a photocurrent-assisted mechanism. These results demonstrate that higher UV-active black TiO₂ suggests that UV-active black TiO₂ facilitates ethanol adsorption/detection via weakened Ti–O bonding. Regarding the higher physisorption contribution for room temperature operational gas sensing, modulating surface electron density from O_V, reduced Ti cation ratio and photocurrent on chromatic TiO₂ is possible to provide platforms for low temperature operable chemical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated SERS-magnetic capture platform for multiplex detection of early tubular injury biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease progression","authors":"Wendi Cao ,&nbsp;Sirui Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Xuelin Chen ,&nbsp;Tenglong Liu ,&nbsp;Xinran Yang ,&nbsp;Leshan Cai ,&nbsp;Xiaozhe Lin ,&nbsp;Xia Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiaoxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early detection of tubular injury biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is critical for timely intervention. This study presents an innovative magnetic separation-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) immunoassay for ultrasensitive, multiplex detection of three tubular injury biomarkers: retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM1). The platform combines three key technological innovations: (1) Raman internal standard (4-mercaptobenzoic acid)-embedded Fe₃O₄-AuAg core-satellite nanoparticles with optimized plasmonic-magnetic properties; (2) Spectrally distinct Raman probes using Au nanorods functionalized with three reporter molecules (2-naphthalenethiol, 2-mercaptopyridine, 4-nitrobenzenethiol); and (3) An automated magnetic separation workflow greatly reduces sample enrichment time. The assay demonstrated unprecedented sensitivity with limits of detection of 10 fg/mL (RBP4), 10 fg/mL (NGAL), and 1 pg/mL (KIM1) in PBS solution, surpassing traditional common methods by 3-4 orders of magnitude. Clinical validation with 24 samples showed excellent correlation with the conventional Luminex assay method (Pearson's r=0.96-0.99), and the coefficient of variation was less than 9.28%, with Bland-Altman analysis confirming 95% agreement. This integrated SERS-magnetic approach enables simultaneous, high-sensitivity detection of multiplex tubular injury biomarkers, offering significant potential for early DKD diagnosis and progression monitoring. The demonstrated analytical performance and clinical concordance position this technology as a promising tool for precision nephrology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100412"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genosensors as a powerful and next generation diagnostic approach of bacterial infections: From the current methods and their challenges to clinical application of genosensors","authors":"Mehdi Bakht ,&nbsp;Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ,&nbsp;Nima Aria ,&nbsp;Sara Rahimi ,&nbsp;Hamid Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Samira Sabzi ,&nbsp;Abouzar Babaei","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2025.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and highly specific detection of bacterial pathogens remains a major challenge in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. While conventional culture and PCR-based assays provide reliable results, their reliance on laboratory infrastructure and long processing times limits their applicability for point of care testing. Genosensors biosensing platforms that detect bacterial nucleic acids through controlled probe immobilization and hybridization offer a promising alternative. This review critically examines recent advances in biorecognition elements (ssDNA, PNA, LNA), probe immobilization chemistries (thiol-gold SAMs, EDC/NHS coupling, click based strategies, and affinity systems), and diverse transduction formats including electrochemical, optical, and emerging hybrid approaches. Key developments enabling enhanced sensitivity, reduced nonspecific interactions, and improved performance in complex matrices are highlighted. Unlike previous pathogen by pathogen descriptive surveys, this review provides a comparative, mechanism focused analysis that identifies the strengths and limitations of each sensing strategy. Major translational barriers including surface fouling, limited reproducibility, lack of standardized fabrication workflows, and insufficient preclinical validation are discussed alongside emerging solutions such as antifouling coatings, microfluidic preprocessing, and standardized probe-surface assemblies. Overall, genosensors are positioned to evolve from laboratory scale prototypes into clinically relevant, multiplexed diagnostic tools. Continued progress toward robust sample-to-answer integration, regulatory-aligned validation, and scalable manufacturing will be essential for their widespread deployment in real world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedle–peptide biosensor platform for multiplexed profiling of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in cancer cell lines","authors":"Chloé Royet ,&nbsp;Lennard Lecki ,&nbsp;Sebastien Diot ,&nbsp;Said Jebors ,&nbsp;Karine Puget ,&nbsp;Sanjiv Sharma ,&nbsp;May C. Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.snr.2026.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein kinases are frequently dysregulated in cancer and constitute invaluable yet underexploited biomarkers for point-of-care diagnostics. Indeed, quantification of their relative abundance does not reflect their functional activity, calling for biosensors that report on their catalytic activity. We have developed a highly sensitive optical biosensing platform that combines polycarbonate microneedle arrays for direct sampling of protein biomarkers with CDK-selective fluorescent peptide biosensors for optical transduction, thereby facilitating kinase activity profiling from biological samples. We have optimized sampling of proteins from cultured cancer cells, as well as optical biosensing to achieve robust and multiplexed profiling of CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 activities from a single sample on a 96-well plate reader within 30 min. We have implemented this hybrid platform to resolve distinct CDK activity signatures across five lung cancer cell lines (A549, PC9, H1299, H358, H322). This minimally invasive hybrid biosensing platform, eliminates detergent-based cell lysis for extraction of protein kinases and supports kinetic and quantitative measurement of their functional activities. By providing a scalable route for ex vivo kinase activity profiling, this approach offers perspectives for point-of-care cancer diagnostics and monitoring of therapeutic response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":426,"journal":{"name":"Sensors and Actuators Reports","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}