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Dielectric studies of polyacrylamide hydrogels 聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的介电研究
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578205
A. Konsta, D. Daoukaki, A. Kyritis, P. Pissis
{"title":"Dielectric studies of polyacrylamide hydrogels","authors":"A. Konsta, D. Daoukaki, A. Kyritis, P. Pissis","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578205","url":null,"abstract":"The dielectric properties of polyacrylamide/water hydrogels, as a function of water content and temperature, are investigated using ac dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) in the frequency range 5 Hz-13 MHz and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) in the temperature range 77-300 K. TSDC spectra reveal three peaks, the first two being attributed to the reorientation of free and loosely bound water molecules respectively, whereas the third one is a manifestation of the glass transition in the hydrogel constituents. DRS spectra display a dielectric dispersion which shifts gradually to lower frequencies with decreasing T. The water crystallization at T<0 /spl deg/C, as well as the non-reversibility of the freezing-thawing process, are clearly demonstrated from the evolution of ac conductivity spectra with temperature.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132658836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isothermal and thermally stimulated discharge of pure and anthracene doped poly(methyl methacrylate) foils 纯和掺杂蒽的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯箔的等温和热刺激放电
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578052
J. Keller, K. Vyas, R. DeBey, S. Datt
{"title":"Isothermal and thermally stimulated discharge of pure and anthracene doped poly(methyl methacrylate) foils","authors":"J. Keller, K. Vyas, R. DeBey, S. Datt","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578052","url":null,"abstract":"The charge storage and transport behaviour of 100 /spl mu/m thick pure and 0.1 wt% anthracene doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) foils has been investigated by absorption current, isothermal surface charge decay and thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) measurement techniques over a temperature range of 298 to 393 K, with fields ranging from 8 to 50 kV/cm.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131366980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Studies of ferroelectric properties of novel liquid crystals with tetrafluorophenylene 新型四氟苯液晶的铁电性质研究
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578235
Xian–Shan Wang, J. Wen
{"title":"Studies of ferroelectric properties of novel liquid crystals with tetrafluorophenylene","authors":"Xian–Shan Wang, J. Wen","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578235","url":null,"abstract":"Plotting polarization versus electric field with sine waveform is used to determine the ferroelectricity of liquid crystals in conjunction with other usual methods as optical polarizing microscope and differential scanning calorimeter. Results show that the liquid crystal with the molecular core structure of tetrafluorobiphenylene has a rather wide temperature range of ferroelectric mesophase SmC*, and 4'-[(s)-2-methylbutoxycarbonyl] phenyl 4-(4'-n-nonyloxy-2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorobiphenyl-1-ethynyl) benzoate exhibits the range of about 110/spl deg/C from 60 to 170/spl deg/C, the polarization of 8.9/spl times/10/sup -6/ C/m/sup 2/ and the tilt angle of 9.2 degrees at temperature 10/spl deg/C below curie point.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114362018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization and depolarization studies in pure and malachite green complexed free cellulose 纯和孔雀石绿络合游离纤维素的极化和去极化研究
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578174
R. Kuraria, S. R. Kuraria, P. Khare, S. K. Jain
{"title":"Polarization and depolarization studies in pure and malachite green complexed free cellulose","authors":"R. Kuraria, S. R. Kuraria, P. Khare, S. K. Jain","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578174","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of charge production and its persistence in pure and malachite green mixed ethyl cellulose (EC) films have been analyzed using short circuit thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) in conjunction with that of transient discharging current as a function of similar and dissimilar electrode metals, polarizing fields, and polarizing temperatures. The TSDC thermograms of EC were characterized by two peaks at 343 and 423 K in the case of similar electrodes. With dissimilar electrodes, however, a broad peak was observed between 413-433 K. Transient currents, have been found to follow the Curie-von-Schweidler law, characterized with different slopes in short and long time regions and having different values of decay constant. The corresponding energies are found to increase with measurement time of the discharge current. The conductivity of the films is increased on doping with malachite green. A close scrutiny of the observed results suggest that a dipolar mechanism coupled with space charge formation due to accumulation of charge carriers near the electrodes and subsequent trapping of such carriers in the bulk may be considered as the dominant mechanism responsible for discharging currents. The effect of doping with malachite green on the discharge current indicates the formation of molecular aggregates.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117037194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electret properties of silicon dioxide aerogels 二氧化硅气凝胶的驻极体性质
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578037
Yang Cao, Z. Xia, Qing Li, Linyan Chen, Bing Zhou
{"title":"Electret properties of silicon dioxide aerogels","authors":"Yang Cao, Z. Xia, Qing Li, Linyan Chen, Bing Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578037","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the electret properties of a kind of new inorganic materials, the silicon dioxide aerogels, are studied. By using single- and two- step sol-gel processing and supercritical drying method, bulk and film silicon dioxide aerogels of low density which is about several hundred mg/cm/sup 3/ are prepared. Samples are heat treated at 800/spl deg/C for several hours to eliminate organic residuals and water and then chemical surface modified by hexamethyldisilazane treatment. Electret properties of these samples corona charged at temperatures ranging from RT to 200/spl deg/C are studied with measurements of isothermal surface potential decay as well as thermally stimulated discharge. The relationship between the microstructure of these samples and their electret properties is discussed. Our results show that silicon dioxide aerogels with rather good electret properties are obtained.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129741039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Application of C-V characteristics of semiconductor-insulator semiconductor structures for investigation of charge state in thin dielectric layers 应用半导体-绝缘体结构的C-V特性研究薄介电层中的电荷状态
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578071
S. D. Khanin, I.A. Uritskaya, V. Uritsky
{"title":"Application of C-V characteristics of semiconductor-insulator semiconductor structures for investigation of charge state in thin dielectric layers","authors":"S. D. Khanin, I.A. Uritskaya, V. Uritsky","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578071","url":null,"abstract":"A new technique for determining the amount and the mean spatial depth of charge in dielectric layers is presented. This technique is based on high-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements of the semiconductor-insulator-undoped semiconductor system. Using an undoped semiconductor as a gate material allows one to estimate fixed oxide charge and its centroid in the frame of one nondestructive measurement. The possibilities of the technique are illustrated by experimental results of the influence of hydrogen modification and X-ray irradiation on the charge in dielectrics.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128197518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of molecular motion on migration of excess charge 分子运动对过量电荷迁移的影响
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578045
K. Shindo
{"title":"Effect of molecular motion on migration of excess charge","authors":"K. Shindo","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578045","url":null,"abstract":"An excess charge carrier, which is released from a deep trap, is supposed to transfer among migration states by local field and/or by diffusion. Space charge made of these excess carriers plays an important role in thermo-electrets in non polar as well as in polar polymers. We try to make a simulation calculation to get a survey on the behavior of excess charge by a process of polarization and depolarization in a polymer. Excess charge carrier is supposed to occupy deep traps in stable equilibrium at room temperature, and transfers to a shallow level state with temperature rise. We notice that over glass transition point T/sub g/, where micro Brownian motion of chain molecule grows active, excited molecular motion promotes excess carrier to escape from trap and to migrate in a material more quickly.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"227 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127506062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pyroelectric response and dielectric behaviour of corona charged and dc field polarized PVDF films 电晕带电和直流场极化PVDF薄膜的热释电响应和介电行为
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578214
B. Hilczer, J. Kułek
{"title":"Pyroelectric response and dielectric behaviour of corona charged and dc field polarized PVDF films","authors":"B. Hilczer, J. Kułek","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578214","url":null,"abstract":"Dielectric relaxation and pyroelectric response of PVDF films poled in low dc field and corona charged was studied. Pyroelectric coefficient p of corona charged PVDF diaphragm is weakly dependent on light modulation frequency f from a dozen of Hz to a few kHz. The same is found for diaphragms made of film poled in dc field when the side being positive is illuminated, however, a low-frequency anomaly in p(f) is observed when the side being grounded during poling is illuminated. Poling-induced compensating charges, piled up at the crystalline phase of a semicrystalline polymer, influence the /spl beta/-relaxation in MHz frequency range.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129027532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The significance of conductivity and polarization in materials for electrostatic motors 电导率和极化在静电电机材料中的意义
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578257
E. Mognaschi, J. Calderwood
{"title":"The significance of conductivity and polarization in materials for electrostatic motors","authors":"E. Mognaschi, J. Calderwood","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578257","url":null,"abstract":"An electrostatic motor has been designed and built, and its construction is described. It was capable of running either as an induction motor or as a synchronous motor, depending on the electrical characteristics of the rotor material. The critical factor determining which behaviour is exhibited appears to be the time constant of the rotor material. Analytical expressions are given for the mechanical torque developed when the machine is running in each mode. When mechanical torque was applied to the axle of the unenergised machine, it was observed that an ac emf appeared at the terminals and the machine was therefore operating as a generator.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132423966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolution of electret applications 驻极体应用的演变
9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings Pub Date : 1996-09-25 DOI: 10.1109/ISE.1996.578255
J. Lewiner
{"title":"Evolution of electret applications","authors":"J. Lewiner","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578255","url":null,"abstract":"Charge storage or polarization phenomena in dielectrics can be associated with two types of effects. Indeed, a frozen polarization or trapped charges can either induce internal effects or create an external electric field. In the first case, the physical properties of the material can be modified leading for instance to piezoelectricity or to nonlinear effects. In the second case, an external electric field of large magnitude can be created. The author recalls the evolution which took place for both types of electrets and associated applications.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130954657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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