{"title":"Corona poling of side chain NLO polymers during their solidification","authors":"G. Davies, S. Fedosov, P. Carr","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578124","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Effective poling of NLO polymers can normally be performed at poling temperatures exceeding the glass transition temperature Tg of the host polymer. However, some materials start decompose before their Tg is reached. We propose here a novel method for poling NLO polymers at temperatures much fewer than Tg in the solid state. High mobility of polymer matrix and chains necessary for alignment of the dipoles is provided by the artificial lowering of the Tg. The samples are poled in corona while they are still in a viscous state, or even during their spinning from solution. Thus, the solidification occurs in the electric field provided by corona ions.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121030816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptation of the thermal pulse method to the determination of thermal parameters of thin layers","authors":"P. Bloss, A. De Reggi, H. Schafer","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578191","url":null,"abstract":"As shown by DeReggi and Bauer (1995), the thermal diffusivity of a dielectric film adhered to a substrate acting as a heat sink may be determined accurately from the electret or induced electret-like thermal pulse response. Motivated by the need in microelectronics for evaluating thermal contacts, adhesion and the effects of environmental moisture, we have analyzed as generally as possible the problem of the thermally contacted film. We have shown that under a wide range of conditions met in practice with different interfacial properties, both the diffusivity and interfacial heat transfer coefficients can be determined simultaneously with the electric field distribution. We have shown by experiments on polyimide, that charge injection cannot be neglected in those cases and that, therefore, deconvolution is generally necessary.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sol-gel processing SrTiO/sub 3/ thin films for dynamic random access memory applications","authors":"Qing-Feng Liu, Xin-Shan Li, Z. Meng","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578192","url":null,"abstract":"Polycrystalline and crack-free strontium titanate (SrTiO/sub 3/) thin films were deposited on silicon and quartz substrates by the sol-gel technique, using strontium acetate and titanium tetrabutoxide as starting materials. As-deposited thin films were amorphous in structure, the perovskite phase was observed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the thin films heat-treated over 600/spl deg/C.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115111342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Huamao, Xia Zhongfu, Shen Shaoqun, Z. Hongyan, Cao Yang, Zhu Jianwei
{"title":"The charge dynamics of thermally wet grown SiO/sub 2/ electret by corona charging method with constant grid current","authors":"Li Huamao, Xia Zhongfu, Shen Shaoqun, Z. Hongyan, Cao Yang, Zhu Jianwei","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578058","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the decay of the space charge in SiO/sub 2/ electrets which were corona charged with different parameters of constant grid current was observed, and was compared to that with constant grid voltage. The shift of the centroid of space charges in the sample was determined by capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis technique. By using these experimental results, the storage and transportation of the space charge in the SiO/sub 2/ electrets was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115442845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The time evolution of the pyroelectric response induced by a laser pulse irradiation in a VDF/TrFE copolymer","authors":"Y. Takahashi, K. Hiraoka, T. Furukawa","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578241","url":null,"abstract":"The pyroelectric response induced by a YAG laser pulse irradiation has been measured over a bread range of 1ns-10s for a VDF/TrFE copolymer with composition 75/25 mol%. The time spectra contain two damped oscillations associated with thickness and length extension mode piezoelectric resonance. Removing such components by means of Fourier analysis has revealed two kinds of pyroelectric responses, the instantaneous component appearing prior to thermal expansion and the gradually increasing component reflecting fluctuations of crystalline dipoles.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Luo, Xiao-yuan Chen, Zhi-guo Liu, Zhengmin Sun, N. Ming
{"title":"Deposition of oriented polymer films for liquid crystal alignment by pulsed laser ablation","authors":"Q. Luo, Xiao-yuan Chen, Zhi-guo Liu, Zhengmin Sun, N. Ming","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578096","url":null,"abstract":"Well oriented polyethylene (PE) films were prepared on glasses coated with Indium Tin oxide (ITO) and on Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser ablation. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nematic liquid crystal 4'-n-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) is used to display the orientation features of the films. Based on the experiments, a picture is presented about the formation of the polymer films. It is expected that the as-deposited highly oriented polymer films will find various applications in integrated optics and liquid crystal displays.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"831 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123011958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single polar compound bio-electret and its influence on the cell growth","authors":"Xiangyang Shi, B. Deng, Caomin Sun","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578202","url":null,"abstract":"All kinds of compound bio-electrets of I&III collagen/chitosan have been developed. Their TSDC curves are analyzed, and the compound bio-electret I&III collagen/chitosan whose T/spl alpha/ and I/spl alpha/ is 37/spl deg/C and 2/spl times/10/sup -9/ A respectively in the polarized state is selected. The study shows that the compound bio-electret can promote normal cell growth when single negatively polarized, and can inhibit cancer cell growth when single positively polarized. It proves that the rational designation of compound bio-electret has a broad applicable use to clinical medicine.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X-ray image produced on an electret film","authors":"N.C. da Silva, A. de Almeida, J. Campos","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578260","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe an application of electrets to obtain the X-ray image of an object. An electret film can be used because the transmission of X-rays removes charges differentially by compensation with ions produced in the air gap between the object and the film. The amount of charge compensated is proportional to the intensity of the radiation transmitted. The electret film presents a clear advantage in low cost; the film used to achieve the electret state can be reused indefinitely. In this paper we describe the instrumentation developed (the charging and digitized reading systems) and present some preliminary images.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128436976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal stability of NLO effects in polymers","authors":"G. Yang","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578120","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear optical (NLO) effects and their thermal stability in different polymers after corona or electron-beam poling are investigated by electro-optical coefficient measurement and by pyroelectric thermal analysis. Tested materials are a guest-host polymer of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), a side-chain polymer of PMMA with DR1 side groups, a side-chain styrene-maleic anhydride co-polymer with DR1 side groups, and a cross-linked side-chain polymer Red-Acid Magly. The experimental results indicate that NLO effects in electron-beam poled samples are comparable with those in corona poled samples, while the thermal stability of the electron-beam poled materials is still low in the present stage. The reasons for the lower thermal stability of electron-beam poled samples and a possible way to overcome it are discussed.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130632501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of charge distributions in polymers during annealing","authors":"G. Sessler, G. Yang","doi":"10.1109/ISE.1996.578063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISE.1996.578063","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer films of polyfluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) and polyimide (PI) of 25 /spl mu/m thickness are charged with monoenergetic electron beams of a range smaller than the sample thickness. Thereafter, the charge distribution in the thickness direction and its change with time at an annealing temperature of 120/spl deg/C are measured with the laser-induced pressure-pulse (LIPP) method. The experimental data are analyzed with a model of charge buildup during electron-beam irradiation and charge transport during annealing. The model takes into consideration the charge deposition and dose profiles, the radiation-induced conductivity, the carrier mobility, trapping time and maximum trap density. Evaluation of the data yields values of the mobility-lifetime product and shows that retrapping is fast in FEP and slow in PI in the temperature range considered.","PeriodicalId":425004,"journal":{"name":"9th International Symposium on Electrets (ISE 9) Proceedings","volume":"112 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120880403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}