VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10291
R. Kriaučiūnienė, V. Sangailaitė
{"title":"AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES OF LEXICAL EXPANSION IN CURRENT ENGLISH","authors":"R. Kriaučiūnienė, V. Sangailaitė","doi":"10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10291","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new words and to overview the processes of lexical expansion in the English language, and 2) to determine which methods are employed and which are absent in the creation of new words in current English by analyzing the novel lexical items retrieved from the OED Online. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. The results indicate that the concept of new words is not straightforward in the English language. More often than not, the terms neologisms and new words are used synonymously to refer to recent, novel lexical items recognized and used by the language community. English has an extensive inventory of word-forming tools classified into these distinct categories: word-formation, semantic change, borrowing, and other; each further subdivided into various processes. Overall, the subtypes of word-formation – derivation, shortening and compounding – are used the most in the creation of recent additions to the lexicon. Predominantly, the findings are consistent with the tendencies of lexical expansion observed in previous studies.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"127-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10287
S. Fuentes
{"title":"LA TRADUCTION DES NOMS DE PROFESSION DANS UN SYSTÈME DE DICTIONNAIRES ÉLECTRONIQUES COORDONNÉS (ES-FR)","authors":"S. Fuentes","doi":"10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10287","url":null,"abstract":"Dans cet article, nous nous attachons a la problematique posee par la traduction des noms de professions de l’espagnol vers le francais et ce, dans une perspective de Traitement Automatique des Langues (TAL). Malgre la proximite linguistique des deux langues mises en regard, des obstacles d’ordre general comme la polysemie ou le figement et d’autres plus specifiques comme le haut degre de technicite des termes concernes ou encore la structure interne complexe des syntagmes terminologiques peuvent entraver le processus de traduction automatique. C’est pourquoi il est necessaire de fournir au systeme des descriptions linguistiques exhaustives, minutieuses et formalisees. C’est ce que nous proposons dans le dictionnaire electronique DicPro, ou chaque lemme est associe a des champs lexicographiques de differents types (morphologique, semantique, syntaxique, etc.) et ce, conformement au modele de microstructure des dictionnaires electroniques concus au sein du LDI (Universite Paris 13). Il convient de souligner que chaque entree du dictionnaire correspond a une seule et unique unite lexicale et que les formes polysemiques sont donc automatiquement dedoublees. D’autre part, nous concevons le dictionnaire bilingue comme une paire de dictionnaires monolingues coordonnes (Blanco : 1999), c’est pourquoi les equivalents de traduction que nous offrons servent de pointeurs vers le module francais, dans lequel les lemmes sont munis de leurs propres descriptions linguistiques.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"66-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10300
L. Pavan
{"title":"PREPOSIZIONI ITALIANE E ARTICOLI: DIFFICOLTÀ E STRATEGIE NELL’APPRENDIMENTO AI LIVELLI PIÙ BASSI DEL QCER","authors":"L. Pavan","doi":"10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10300","url":null,"abstract":"In questo studio si affronta uno dei temi che procura maggiori ostacoli nell’apprendimento della lingua italiana da parte di studenti stranieri: le preposizioni, qui intese come preposizioni proprie. L’uso delle preposizioni italiane nella lingua e complicato da una casistica piuttosto vasta di variabili, a partire dalla presenza o meno degli articoli determinativi, che danno luogo alle preposizioni articolate. Per gli studenti L2 nel livello A1 del QCER risulta spesso problematico usare le preposizioni con o senza l’articolo, dal momento che gli aspetti grammaticali che interessano questo tema sono molti e non facilmente gestibili. La difficolta aumenta se si tratta di studenti la cui lingua madre non proviene dall’area delle lingue romanze, come nel caso del lituano, che e una lingua che non fa alcun uso di articoli. Si propone, in questa sede, un excursus attraverso l’evoluzione di alcune preposizioni, comparando la teoria esposta in varie grammatiche storiche. Poi si espongono alcune strategie di apprendimento dell’uso degli articoli con le preposizioni dell’italiano odierno, per fornire al docente L2 qualche spunto nel momento in cui deve introdurre questo tema nelle lezioni.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"10 1","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10286
G. Dotoli
{"title":"LA GRAMMAIRE DANS LA PREMIÈRE ÉDITION DU DICTIONNAIRE DE L’ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE (1694)","authors":"G. Dotoli","doi":"10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10286","url":null,"abstract":"La premiere edition du « Dictionnaire de l’Academie francaise », publiee en 1694, constitue un evenement capital, dans l’histoire de la langue francaise. La premiere fois, la langue se presente comme un systeme. En meme temps, la langue francaise se propose comme une langue pour l’Europe : c’est l’un des buts de la premiere edition. Ce dictionnaire nous presente donc le premier grand exemple d’unification linguistique nationale, sous la protection de l’Etat, et la vision de l’Europe unifiee. Mais ce dictionnaire n’est qu’un recueil de 18000 mots. C’est aussi une grammaire dans laquelle la morphosyntaxe tient une large place La grammaire du Dictionnaire de l’Academie francaise meriterait un livre. Ce serait le livre des grammairiens au XVIIe siecle, de Vaugelas, Bouhours, Richelet et Furetiere aux linguistes de Port-Royal. Ce dictionnaire est le projet des mots, fonde sur la force de la grammaire, et des liens entre les mots en synchronie. Ayant une essence grammaticale, il est en effet aussi la grammaire projetee des 1635. Le but de cet article est de reflechir sur les veritables sources grammaticales de la premiere edition du dictionnaire de l’Academie francaise et sur sa doctrine coherente sur le plan grammatical.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10296
Dalia Bukauskaitė, Dalius Jarmalavičius
{"title":"EINSATZ VON GESCHLOSSENEN AUFGABEN BEIM PRÜFEN DES LESEVERSTEHENS IM FACHSPRACHENUNTERRICHT AN DER UNIVERSITÄT VILNIUS","authors":"Dalia Bukauskaitė, Dalius Jarmalavičius","doi":"10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10296","url":null,"abstract":"Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Thematik der geschlossenen Testaufgaben zur Uberprufung der Fertigkeit Leseverstehen sowie ihrem Einsatz im Fachsprachenunterricht. In der Fremdsprachendidaktik wird die Typologie der Testaufgaben nach dem Grad ihrer Offenheit vorgenommen, wobei man offene, halboffene und geschlossene Aufgaben unterscheidet. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat zum Ziel geschlossene Aufgaben zu analysieren, weil sie gut fur die Uberprufung des Leseverstehens geeignet sind. Beim Losen der geschlossenen Aufgaben muss man unter den vorgegebenen Antworten die richtige auswahlen. Dabei unterscheidet man Multiple-Choice-Aufgaben, Ja/ Nein-Aufgaben und Zuordnungsaufgaben. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden zunachst spezifische Erstellungsmerkmale der oben erwahnten Aufgaben besprochen sowie ihre Vorteile und Nachteile beim Uberprufen der Fertigkeit Lesen analysiert. Des Weiteren versucht man zu bestimmen, welcher Aufgabentyp zur welcher Leseart am besten passt. Anschliesend werden die Ergebnisse einer von den Verfassern angefertigten Aufgabe, die speziell zum Einsatz im Fachspracheunterricht Deutsch fur die Studierenden der medizinischen Fachrichtungen der Universitat Vilnius entwickelt wurde, vorgestellt und diskutiert.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"190-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10298
Daiva Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė, Aušra Žemgulienė
{"title":"PRADINIŲ KLASIŲ MOKINIŲ KALBINIŲ GEBĖJIMŲ INTEGRUOTAS UGDYMAS ĮVAIRIŲ DALYKŲ PAMOKOSE: ISTORINIO LAIKO TĖKMĖS SUPRATIMO ATVEJIS","authors":"Daiva Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė, Aušra Žemgulienė","doi":"10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10298","url":null,"abstract":"Geri kiekvieno asmens kalbiniai gebėjimai – pamatas kokybiskam mokymuisi, kokybiskam gyvenimui. Vienas is pažangių kalbos gebėjimų ugdymo būdų – integruotas ugdymas, kai kalbos gebėjimai ugdomi ne tik kalbų, bet ir kitų dalykų pamokose. Be to, tuo pat metu remiantis kalbiniais gebėjimais įsisavinamas dalykinis turinys, t. y. ugdomas tam tikro dalyko rastingumas. Straipsnyje pateikiama kalbinių gebėjimų integruoto ugdymo teorinė ir studija, pagrindžianti tokio ugdymo galimybes bei rekomendacijas Lietuvos ugdymo turinio tobulinimui. Empirinis tyrimas atliktas aiskinantis pradinių klasių mokinių istorinio laiko tėkmės supratimo gebėjimus, pasireiskiancius vaikų argumentuota kalba.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"223-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10295
Dovilė Vengalienė
{"title":"ON SOME HUMOROUS ASPECTS OF CONCEPTUAL BLENDING IN POLITICIZED DISCOURSE","authors":"Dovilė Vengalienė","doi":"10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/Verb.2016.7.10295","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a very dynamic linguistic phenomenon, humour, is analysed on the basis of the Theory of Conceptual Blending developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner (2002). It was discovered that in Lithuanian politicized discourse during and after the period of elections (2012, 2016) the majority of political events and personalities were given an evaluative implicit assessment through humour/irony, which can be seen as an emergent result of blending processes. In the paper, the tendency to ridicule politicians and political events on news websites is discussed focusing exceptionally on the processes of blending at the lexical level. The research reveals that the coinage of new lexical units by fusing at least two source words or splinters follows certain patterns. The structural analysis is based on the works of Anita Lehrer, Michael Kelly, Stefan Gries, and Ekaterine Bakaradze. The main claims of the paper are supported by 362 blends collected from the headlines and comments of delfi.lt, lrytas. lt, and blogs, during the period of 2012–2016.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"179-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10299
Daina Kazlauskaitė, Jūratė Andriuškevičienė, Ramutė Vingelienė
{"title":"ADAPTATION DES METHODOLOGIES NON- CONVENTIONNELLES LORS DES PAUSES CREATIVES","authors":"Daina Kazlauskaitė, Jūratė Andriuškevičienė, Ramutė Vingelienė","doi":"10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10299","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article invite a se souvenir des methodologies non-conventionnelles (MNC) et, en les innovant, a adapter dans l’enseignement moderne des langues etrangeres afin d’en rendre l’enseignement / l’apprentissage plus attractif et moins ennuyeux, sans contrevenir aux programmes, au controle continu, a la notation imposes par les institutions ainsi que d’autres elements indispensables dans le cadre scolaire ou universitaire, qui rendent le travail routiniere et entrainent les consequences negatives telles que le desinteret pour la discipline enseignee, une faible motivation. Les auteurs de cet article cherchent a retrouver dans la multitude des documents pedagogiques des alternatives a l’enseignement traditionnel. A cet egard, les pauses pourraient servir d’un outil novateur a apprendre et transmettre des savoirs avec plus d’effectivite et moins d’ennui. Les auteurs se penchent sur les fondements du «Mieux apprendre» de B. Hourst, le Francais fluide de Jason Leveque, Swingo d’Alexander Haupens Tankara, la psychodramaturgie de Bernand Dufeu. Toutes ces approches innovatrices, issues des methodologies non-traditionnelles, favorisent une bonne ambiance physique et mentale, stimulent la creativite et l’imagination. Ces nouvelles approches, selon les auteurs, pourraient servir d’efficaces outils complementaires aux supports habituels a exploiter lors des pauses creatives ou recreatives. Le but de cet article est de rappeler les MNC et d’encourager les professionnels a chercher de nouveaux defis et profits dans l’enseignement/ l’apprentissage des langues etrangeres.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"28 1","pages":"241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VerbumPub Date : 2016-12-22DOI: 10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10290
Svetlana Kosova, Aistė Lukoševičiūtė
{"title":"SPALVĄ REIŠKIANČIŲ BŪDVARDŽIŲ DERINIMAS SU DAIKTAVARDŽIAIS LIETUVIŲ IR PRANCŪZŲ KALBOSE","authors":"Svetlana Kosova, Aistė Lukoševičiūtė","doi":"10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15388/VERB.2016.7.10290","url":null,"abstract":"Lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbose būdvardžiai placiai vartojami tiek kasdienėje kalboje, tiek literatūroje, o bene svarbiausias taisyklingo jų vartojimo aspektas – būdvardžių derinimas su daiktavardžiais. Siame straipsnyje analizuojami minėtųjų kalbų spalvą reiskiantys būdvardžiai ir jų derinimas su daiktavardžiais, kuriuos apibūdina. Tiriamos būdvardžių rūsys bei funkcijos minėtose kalbose, didžiausią dėmesį sutelkiant ties spalvą reiskianciais būdvardžiais. Remiantis pavyzdžiais, analizuojama kokiomis kategorijomis sie būdvardžiai derinami prancūzų bei lietuvių kalbose. Sių dviejų kalbų būdvardžių derinimas su daiktavardžiais gerokai skiriasi. Skiriasi ir spalvą reiskiancių būdvardžių pozicija daiktavardinėse frazėse, kas taip pat turi įtakos jų derinimui. Straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti spalvą reiskiancių būdvardžių derinimo su daiktavardžiais lietuvių ir prancūzų kalbose panasumus bei skirtumus, iliustruojant juos surinktais pavyzdžiais.","PeriodicalId":42449,"journal":{"name":"Verbum","volume":"7 1","pages":"111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66989643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}