Patricia Ruiz, Po-Yung Cheng, Siddhi Desai, Mikyong Shin, Jeffery M Jarrett, Cynthia D Ward, Youn K Shim
{"title":"Prevalence of Exposure to Environmental Metal Mixtures Among Pregnant Women in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018.","authors":"Patricia Ruiz, Po-Yung Cheng, Siddhi Desai, Mikyong Shin, Jeffery M Jarrett, Cynthia D Ward, Youn K Shim","doi":"10.3390/jox15020038","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15020038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although exposure to metals remains a public health concern, few studies have examined exposure to combinations of metals. This study characterized prevalent combinations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in women (n = 10,152; aged 20-44 years) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. To explore relative metal exposures within this population, Cd, Hg, and Pb blood levels were dichotomized as \"high\" and \"low\" categories using median values to represent the center of the metal concentrations in the study population, not thresholds for adverse health effects. The prevalence of the three metal combinations at \"high\" levels (singular, binary, tertiary combinations) was calculated. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for each combination relative to none of these combinations after adjusting for potential confounders. Among the pregnant women (n = 1297), singular Hg was most prevalent (19.2% [95% CI 15.0-23.3]), followed by singular Cd (14.7% [95% CI 11.2-18.2]), tertiary combination Cd/Hg/Pb (11.0% [95% CI 8.7-13.2]), binary combinations Cd/Pb (9.8% [95% CI 7.4-12.2]), Hg/Pb (9.2% [95% CI 6.5-11.8]), Cd/Hg (7.8% [95% CI 6.0-9.6]), and singular Pb (5.5% [95% CI 4.1-6.9]). We found significantly lower odds of having Cd/Hg/Pb (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) = 0.49: <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Cd/Pb (adjOR = 0.68: <i>p</i> < 0.0364) combinations among pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. The odds of having higher levels of singular Pb were significantly lower (adjOR = 0.31: <i>p</i> < 0.0001) in women pregnant in their first and second trimesters (n = 563) than in non-pregnant women (n = 6412), whereas, though nonsignificant, the odds were higher for women pregnant in their third trimester (n = 366) (adjOR = 1.25: <i>p</i> = 0.4715). These results indicate the possibility that the fetus might be exposed to higher levels of the metal mixtures due to placental transfer, particularly to Pb, during the early stages of pregnancy. Further research is warranted to understand the relationship between metal combination exposures during pregnancy and maternal and infant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgiana Duta-Cornescu, Maria Liliana Dugala, Nicoleta Constantin, Maria-Daniela Pojoga, Alexandra Simon-Gruita
{"title":"Evaluation of Clastogenic and Aneugenic Action of Two Bio-Insecticides Using Allium Bioassay.","authors":"Georgiana Duta-Cornescu, Maria Liliana Dugala, Nicoleta Constantin, Maria-Daniela Pojoga, Alexandra Simon-Gruita","doi":"10.3390/jox15020035","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15020035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that modern agriculture would not be able to meet the current demand for food without the help of pesticides. However, conventional pesticides have been proven to be extremely harmful to the environment, to the species they are applied to, and, ultimately, to humans. As a result, bio-pesticides have been introduced in recent years and include natural substances that control pests, such as biochemical pesticides, microorganisms used as pest control agents (microbial pesticides), and pesticide substances produced by plants containing added genetic material, known as plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs). Although these are natural products, their widespread use has led to an increased presence in the environment, raising concerns regarding their potential impact on both the environment and human health. The aim of our study was to determine the phyto- and cytogenotoxicity caused by two insecticides, both certified for use in ecological agriculture: one biochemical (BCP) and the other microbial (MP), which were applied in three concentrations (the maximum recommended concentration by the manufacturers (MRFC), 1.5X MRFC, and 2X MRFC) to the meristematic root tissues of <i>Allium cepa</i>. The results were compared to a negative control (tap water) and a positive control (a chemical pesticide (CP) containing mainly Deltamethrin). Phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects were analyzed at two time intervals (24 and 48 h) by measuring root length, growth percentage, root growth inhibition percentage (phytotoxicity tests), and micronuclei frequency and chromosome aberrations (anaphase bridges, chromosomal fragments, anaphase delays, sticky chromosomes, laggard/vagrant chromosomes) (cytogenotoxicity analyses), respectively. The tests conducted in this study showed that the microbial insecticide provides greater safety when applied, even at higher doses than those recommended by the manufacturers, compared with the biochemical insecticide, whose effects are similar to those induced by the chemical pesticide containing Deltamethrin. However, the results suggest that both insecticides have clastogenic and aneugenic effects, highlighting the need for prior testing of any type of pesticide before large-scale use, especially since the results of the <i>A. cepa</i> tests showed high sensitivity and good correlation when compared to other test systems, e.g., mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susana Coimbra, Susana Rocha, Sofia D Viana, Rute Rebelo, Petronila Rocha-Pereira, Irina Lousa, Maria João Valente, Cristina Catarino, Luís Belo, Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha, Flávio Reis, Alice Santos-Silva
{"title":"Gadoteric Acid and Gadolinium: Exploring Short- and Long-Term Effects on Healthy Animals.","authors":"Susana Coimbra, Susana Rocha, Sofia D Viana, Rute Rebelo, Petronila Rocha-Pereira, Irina Lousa, Maria João Valente, Cristina Catarino, Luís Belo, Elsa Bronze-da-Rocha, Flávio Reis, Alice Santos-Silva","doi":"10.3390/jox15020034","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15020034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regarding the safety of gadolinium (Gd (III))-based contrast agents, we aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term effects following a single exposure to gadoteric acid (DOTA) or to free Gd (III) using animal models. Biomarkers of kidney injury, inflammation, iron metabolism, dyslipidemia, hepatic and hematologic disturbances and kidney histopathological and differential gene expression (DGE) analyses were evaluated. In the short-term study, compared to the controls, exposure to Gd (III) was associated with higher inflammation; changes in lipid, iron and hepatic metabolisms; hematological alterations; and kidney damage. Exposure to DOTA revealed changes in hematological, lipid and hepatic biomarkers. In the long-term study, compared to the controls, exposure to Gd (III) or to DOTA showed much fewer changes than the short-term exposure. Comparing the kidney gene expression of Gd (III) or DOTA exposure versus the control, we found clearly different DGE patterns and a lower number of differently expressed genes in the long-term study, for both compounds. Our data show that a single-dose exposure to these compounds induces several short-term changes which over time return to normal or are sustained, although with less severity, especially in the case of DOTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina Mendes, Daniela Maia, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Fernando Remião, Renata Silva, Daniel José Barbosa
{"title":"Synthetic Cathinones Induce Developmental Arrest, Reduce Reproductive Capacity, and Shorten Lifespan in the <i>C. elegans</i> Model.","authors":"Cristina Mendes, Daniela Maia, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira, Fernando Remião, Renata Silva, Daniel José Barbosa","doi":"10.3390/jox15010033","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug abuse presents a significant global health challenge as the illicit drug market progresses from classic drugs to a growing prevalence of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), particularly synthetic cathinones, which, although illegal, are often falsely marketed as safe and legal alternatives. The rapid increase in the use of these drugs complicates the assessment of their safety and effects on human health. However, they pose unique toxicological concerns that remain largely uncharacterized. This study investigated the toxic effects of three synthetic cathinones, namely, methylone, pentedrone, and 4-methylethcathinone (4-MEC), using the model organism <i>C. elegans</i>. We assessed the impact of these substances on animal survival, development, reproductive behavior, and longevity. Our results showed that short-term exposure (24 h) to concentrations of 5.0 mM or higher significantly reduced animal survival rates, while prolonged exposure (72 h) led to more pronounced toxicity, significantly reducing survival rates at concentrations as low as 1.0 mM. Moreover, sublethal concentrations resulted in developmental arrest. Additionally, pentedrone impaired reproductive capacity, while 4-MEC significantly shortened <i>C. elegans</i> lifespan. These findings highlight the urgent need for further investigation into the implications of synthetic cathinone use on human health through in vivo models as their prevalence in the illicit drug market continues to rise.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumali Lakmini Dissanayake Jayaweera, Thi Thu Hao Van, Daniel Anthony Dias
{"title":"Antifungal Natural Products Originating from Endophytic and Rhizospheric Microbes Isolated from Coastal Vegetation.","authors":"Sumali Lakmini Dissanayake Jayaweera, Thi Thu Hao Van, Daniel Anthony Dias","doi":"10.3390/jox15010032","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> infections severely impact patients who are immunocompromised. Currently, there are limited options to treat fungal infections, especially drug-resistant-fungal infections. Therefore, investigating alternative or repurposed antifungals is paramount. Endophytic microbes (EMs) and rhizospheric microbes (RMs) emerge as promising reservoirs of bioactive natural compounds. Interestingly, plants that have adapted to various environmental conditions harbour a plethora of microbes producing a variety of bioactive natural products that can be assessed for potential antifungal activity. To date, EMs and RMs residing in coastal plants and their associated antifungals have not been extensively studied or reviewed. Therefore, this comprehensive review will focus on antifungal natural products, extracted from coastal-vegetation-associated microbiota to draw the attention of research in this field. A comprehensive literature search was conducted by examining both Scopus and Google Scholar databases during the period of 2013-2024 related to the following coastal vegetation: mangroves, sand dune plants, salt marsh plants, and seagrasses. To date, 65 novel antifungal compounds derived from coastal-plant EMs and RMs have been identified. Mangroves were found to be the most prominent host harbouring antifungal-producing EMs and RMs compared with other coastal plants. Coastal-plant-associated fungal partners were the most prominent producers of antifungals compared to their bacterial counterparts. Fifty-four fungal-EM/RM derived antifungals have been reported to demonstrate activities against plant pathogenic fungi as well as human fungal pathogens. Most of the bacterial-derived antifungals (11 antifungals) have previously been reported to have antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivangi Sankhyan, Prasun Kumar, Soumya Pandit, Kuldeep Sharma, Subhasree Ray
{"title":"Degradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons by Biosurfactant-Producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> NG4.","authors":"Shivangi Sankhyan, Prasun Kumar, Soumya Pandit, Kuldeep Sharma, Subhasree Ray","doi":"10.3390/jox15010031","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic pollutants commonly found in the environment due to industrial activities, incomplete burning of fossil fuels, and oil spills. Bioremediation of PAHs has emerged as a promising approach. This study investigated the biodegradation of PAHs (anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthraquinone, and anthrone) at 100 ppm to 1000 ppm in the presence of glucose and glycerol by a biosurfactant-producing strain of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> NG4. The quality of the biosurfactant produced by the bacterial strain was analyzed via emulsion index (E24), drop-collapse assay, and oil displacement assay. The PAH degradation efficiency was studied by HPLC and degradation metabolites were analyzed using GC-MS. Among all five PAHs (fed at 300 ppm), the highest degradation rates of 91.16 ± 3.64% naphthalene and 41.16 ± 1.64% anthrone were observed by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> NG4 after 10 days of incubation. The assessment of degradation intermediate metabolites revealed the PAH catabolism via the dioxygenase route, which plays a key role in the breakdown of these aromatic compounds. Biodegradation of anthrone by <i>P. aeruginosa</i> NG4 at a 300 ppm level in the media was reported for the first time. This study highlights the potential of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> NG4 as a candidate for the development of bioremediation strategies to mitigate environmental pollution caused by persistent organic pollutants like PAHs.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategies for the Remediation of Micro- and Nanoplastics from Contaminated Food and Water: Advancements and Challenges.","authors":"Manikant Tripathi, Pankaj Singh, Sukriti Pathak, Ramaswamy Manimekalai, Diksha Garg, Kavya Dashora","doi":"10.3390/jox15010030","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) pollution is a significant concern for ecosystems worldwide. The continuous generation and extensive utilization of synthetic plastics have led to the widespread contamination of water and food resources with MNPs. These pollutants originate from daily-use products and industrial waste. Remediation of such pollutants is essential to protect ecosystems and human health since these ubiquitous contaminants pose serious biological and environmental hazards by contaminating food chains, water sources, and the air. Various remediation techniques, including physical, chemical, sophisticated filtration, microbial bioremediation, and adsorption employing novel materials, provide encouraging avenues for tackling this worldwide issue. The biotechnological approaches stand out as effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable solutions for managing these toxic pollutants. However, the complexity of MNP pollution presents significant challenges in its management and regulation. Addressing these challenges requires cross-disciplinary research efforts to develop and implement more efficient, sustainable, eco-friendly, and scalable techniques for mitigating widespread MNP pollution. This review explores the various sources of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in water and food resources, their toxic impacts, remediation strategies-including advanced biotechnological approaches-and the challenges in treating these pollutants to alleviate their effects on ecosystems and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Contreras-Llanes, Juan Alguacil, Rocío Capelo, José Luis Gómez-Ariza, Javier García-Pérez, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Piedad Martin-Olmedo, Vanessa Santos-Sánchez
{"title":"Internal Cumulated Dose of Toxic Metal(loid)s in a Population Residing near Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Waste Stacks and an Industrial Heavily Polluted Area with High Mortality Rates in Spain.","authors":"Manuel Contreras-Llanes, Juan Alguacil, Rocío Capelo, José Luis Gómez-Ariza, Javier García-Pérez, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Piedad Martin-Olmedo, Vanessa Santos-Sánchez","doi":"10.3390/jox15010029","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huelva is a city in SW Spain with 150,000 inhabitants, located in the proximity of two heavy chemical industry complexes, the highest naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) waste (phosphogypsum) stacks of Europe and a highly polluted estuary, with elevated cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality rates. This study analyses the association between cumulated exposure levels to 16 metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Tl, U, V, and Zn) measured in the toenail of a sample (<i>n</i> = 55 participants) of the general control population of Huelva City who were involved in the MCC-Spain study and the spatial proximity patterns to the local polluting sources. Residents of the city of Huelva have higher levels of Fe, Ni, Cr, Se, As, and Co in their toenails compared to the levels found in populations with similar characteristics living in non-polluted areas. Moreover, the highest concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Mo, and Se were found in toenails of participants living near the NORM waste stack, while the highest Cu, Zn, and Al contents corresponded to people residing near the industrial area. The spatial distribution of most of the metal(loid)s studied appears to be mainly controlled by anthropogenic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11857056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristian Marius Florea, Radu Ovidiu Rosu, Ioan Alexandru Minciuna, Gabriel Cismaru, Dana Pop, Ana-Maria Vlase, Iuliana Nenu, Gabriela Adriana Filip
{"title":"The Impact of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Atrial Fibrillation Presence in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Cristian Marius Florea, Radu Ovidiu Rosu, Ioan Alexandru Minciuna, Gabriel Cismaru, Dana Pop, Ana-Maria Vlase, Iuliana Nenu, Gabriela Adriana Filip","doi":"10.3390/jox15010028","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Atrial fibrillation is the most common human heart rhythm disorder, yet its underlying causes remain largely unknown. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a by-product derived from the gut microbiota contributed by red meat, has been linked to numerous cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. <b>Aims</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of serum TMAO levels on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiovascular disease. <b>Results</b>: Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, fasting serum TMAO levels were measured and compared between 153 patients without cardiovascular disease and patients hospitalized for cardiovascular disease, stratified by the presence or absence of atrial fibrillation. While patients with more comorbidities had higher TMAO overall, the TMAO levels were not significantly different between cardiovascular disease patients with and without atrial fibrillation (<i>p</i> = 0.57). Moreover, there was no difference between atrial fibrillation progression phenotypes (<i>p</i> = 0.27). In multivariate analysis, a significant association was found with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and chronic kidney disease (<i>p</i> < 0.001), but there was no significant association between TMAO and atrial fibrillation (<i>p</i> = 0.9). <b>Conclusions</b>: Serum TMAO levels are not associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and disease progression phenotypes in patients with cardiovascular disease, but are associated with ASCVD and CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo-Yu Hsiao, Chun-Sheng Huang, Chang-Fu Wu, Kuo-Liong Chien, Hsiao-Yu Yang
{"title":"Residential Proximity Land Use Characteristics and Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds' Impact on Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Children.","authors":"Bo-Yu Hsiao, Chun-Sheng Huang, Chang-Fu Wu, Kuo-Liong Chien, Hsiao-Yu Yang","doi":"10.3390/jox15010027","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban air pollution adversely affects children's respiratory systems, but the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on children's pulmonary function remains unclear. This study aims to identify exhaled VOCs linked to land use characteristics and reduced pulmonary function in asthmatic children, as well as to explore environmental thresholds influencing VOC exposure levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 97 asthmatic children, aged 7 to 20, from Changhua County, Taiwan, and collected personal and residential data, collected exhaled VOC samples, and conducted pulmonary function tests. Land use characteristics were derived from the children's residential addresses. This study used two models to explore the relationships between land use, VOC levels, and pulmonary function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that m/p-xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were key contributors to FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC and significantly predicted FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC < 90% (AUC = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.79). These VOCs were also linked to major road areas within a 300 m buffer around children's homes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study fills a research gap on low-level outdoor VOC exposure and pediatric respiratory health, examining 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and m/p-xylene as potential biomarkers for impaired pulmonary function in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11856375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}