Journal of Xenobiotics最新文献

{"title":"Endocrine Disrupting Toxicity of Bisphenol A and Its Analogs: Implications in the Neuro-Immune Milieu.","authors":"Erica Buoso, Mirco Masi, Roberta Valeria Limosani, Chiara Oliviero, Sabrina Saeed, Martina Iulini, Francesca Carlotta Passoni, Marco Racchi, Emanuela Corsini","doi":"10.3390/jox15010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural or synthetic substances that are able to interfere with hormonal systems and alter their physiological signaling. EDCs have been recognized as a public health issue due to their widespread use, environmental persistence and the potential levels of long-term exposure with implications in multiple pathological conditions. Their reported adverse effects pose critical concerns about their use, warranting their strict regulation. This is the case of bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known EDC whose tolerable daily intake (TDI) was re-evaluated in 2023 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the immune system has been identified as the most sensitive to BPA exposure. Increasing scientific evidence indicates that EDCs can interfere with several hormone receptors, pathways and interacting proteins, resulting in a complex, cell context-dependent response that may differ among tissues. In this regard, the neuronal and immune systems are important targets of hormonal signaling and are now emerging as critical players in endocrine disruption. Here, we use BPA and its analogs as proof-of-concept EDCs to address their detrimental effects on the immune and nervous systems and to highlight complex interrelationships within the immune-neuroendocrine network (INEN). Finally, we propose that Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1), an important target for EDCs and a valuable screening tool, could serve as a central hub in our toxicology model to explain bisphenol-mediated adverse effects on the INEN.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorpyrifos Acts as a Positive Modulator and an Agonist of <i>N</i>-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors: A Novel Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity.","authors":"Mahmoud Awad Sherif, Wayne G Carter, Ian R Mellor","doi":"10.3390/jox15010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. Long-term exposure to low levels of CPF is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms leading to these effects are still not fully understood. Normal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function is essential for neuronal development and higher brain functionality, while its inappropriate stimulation results in neurological deficits. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the role of NMDARs in CPF-induced neurotoxicity. We show that NMDARs mediate CPF-induced excitotoxicity in differentiated human fetal cortical neuronal ReNcell CX stem cells. In addition, by using two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology of <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes expressing NMDARs, we show CPF potentiation of both GluN1-1a/GluN2A (EC₅₀ ≈ 40 nM) and GluN1-1a/GluN2B (EC₅₀ ≈ 55 nM) receptors, as well as reductions (approximately halved) in the NMDA EC₅₀s and direct activation by 10 μM CPF of both receptor types. In silico molecular docking validated CPF's association with NMDARs through relatively high affinity binding (-8.82 kcal/mol) to a modulator site at the GluN1-GluN2A interface of the ligand-binding domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Variability in Children's Exposure to Contaminants in Food: A Longitudinal Non-Targeted Analysis Study in Miami, Florida.","authors":"Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini, Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi, Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira, Mymuna Monem, Carolina Cuchimaque Lugo, Monica Beatriz Perez, Piero Gardinali, Florence George, Daniel M Bagner, Natalia Quinete","doi":"10.3390/jox15010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food is essential for human survival; however, food can be an important route of exposure to contaminants. This study investigated the presence and distribution of anthropogenic contaminants in food consumed by families with small children in South Florida, United States, evaluating seasonal and socio-economic variabilities in chemical composition. QuEChERS protocols, followed by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using an LC-Orbitrap HRMS system, were used for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants. The compounds were annotated and identified with the Compound Discoverer (CD) software, and contaminant distributions were analyzed using boxplots and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed significant seasonal and socio-economic differences in contaminant distributions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the wet season, a predominance of polymers and surfactants, such as dodecanedioic acid and N-dodecylacrylamide, were found in food, which might be due to increased transport of industrial pollutants during increased precipitation, while plasticizers (e.g., bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) and drugs (e.g., warfarin) were more prevalent during the dry season, which could be related to less dilution effects in this period. A higher abundance of 1-nitrosopiperidine, present in cured meats, was noted in food from upper socio-economic classes, while the lower class showed higher abundance of benzocaine, a common topical anesthetic.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplastic-Induced Developmental Toxicity in Ascidians: Comparative Analysis of Chorionated and Dechorionated <i>Phallusia mammillata</i> Embryos.","authors":"Maria Concetta Eliso, Ilaria Corsi, Antonietta Spagnuolo, Rémi Dumollard","doi":"10.3390/jox15010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoplastics pose a growing threat to marine ecosystems, particularly affecting the early developmental stages of marine organisms. This study investigates the effects of amino-modified polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH₂, 50 nm) on the embryonic development of <i>Phallusia mammillata</i>, a model ascidian species. Both chorionated and dechorionated embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations of PS-NH₂ so morphological alterations could be assessed with a high-content analysis of the phenotypes and genotoxicity. PS-NH₂ induced the same morphological alterations in both chorionated and dechorionated embryos, with dechorionated embryos being more sensitive (EC₅₀ = 3.0 μg mL^-1) than chorionated ones (EC₅₀ = 6.26 μg mL^-1). Interestingly, results from the morphological analysis showed two concentration-dependent mechanisms of action: (i) at concentrations near the EC₅₀, neurodevelopmental abnormalities resembling the ones induced by exposure to known endocrine disruptors (EDs) were observed, and (ii) at higher concentrations (15 μg mL^-1 and 7.5 μg mL^-1 for chorionated and dechorionated embryos, respectively), a nonspecific toxicity was evident, likely due to general oxidative stress. The phenotypes resulting from the PS-NH₂ treatment were not related to DNA damage, as revealed by a genotoxicity assay performed on neurula embryos. Our data suggest that PS-NH₂-induced toxicity is primarily mediated through oxidative stress, probably triggered by interactions between the positive charges of the PS NPs and the negative charges on the cell membranes. The lack of a protective chorion further exacerbated these effects, highlighting its role in mitigating/protecting against NP-induced damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiotoxicity of Chemotherapy: A Multi-OMIC Perspective.","authors":"Yan Ma, Mandy O J Grootaert, Raj N Sewduth","doi":"10.3390/jox15010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a critical issue in cardio-oncology, as cancer treatments often lead to severe cardiovascular complications. Approximately 10% of cancer patients succumb to cardiovascular problems, with lung cancer patients frequently experiencing arrhythmias, cardiac failure, tamponade, and cardiac metastasis. The cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer treatments manifest at both cellular and tissue levels, causing deformation of cardiomyocytes, leading to contractility issues and fibrosis. Repeated irradiation and chemotherapy increase the risk of valvular, pericardial, or myocardial diseases. Multi-OMICs analyses reveal that targeting specific pathways as well as specific protein modifications, such as ubiquitination and phosphorylation, could offer potential therapeutic alternatives to current treatments, including Angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers that mitigate symptoms but do not prevent cardiomyocyte death, highlighting the need for more effective therapies to manage cardiovascular defects in cancer survivors. This review explores the xenobiotic nature of chemotherapy agents and their impact on cardiovascular health, aiming to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to mitigate cardiotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the Formation of Toxic Byproducts During the Photochemical Release of Epinephrine.","authors":"Mikhail A Panfilov, Ezhena S Starodubtseva, Tatyana Yu Karogodina, Alexey Yu Vorob'ev, Alexander E Moskalensky","doi":"10.3390/jox15010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Engineered light-sensitive molecules offer a sophisticated toolkit for the manipulation of biological systems with both spatial and temporal precision. Notably, artificial \"caged\" compounds can activate specific receptors solely in response to light exposure. However, the uncaging process can lead to the formation of potentially harmful byproducts. For example, the photochemical release of adrenaline (epinephrine) is accompanied by the formation of adrenochrome, which has neuro- and cardiotoxic effects. To investigate this effect in detail, we synthesized and compared two \"caged\" epinephrine analogs. The first was a classical compound featuring an <i>ortho</i>-nitrobenzyl protecting group attached to the amino group of epinephrine. The second analog retained the <i>ortho</i>-nitrobenzyl group but included an additional carbamate linker. The photolysis of both compounds was conducted under identical conditions, and the resulting products were analyzed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, chromatography, and NMR techniques. Surprisingly, while the classical compound led to the formation of adrenochrome, the carbamate-type caged epinephrine did not produce this byproduct, resulting in the clean release of the active substance. Subsequently, we assessed the novel compound in an in vitro platelet activation assay. The results demonstrated that the uncaging of epinephrine significantly enhances platelet activation, making it a valuable tool for advanced signaling studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Effects of Lifestyle Habits and Heavy Metals Exposure on Chronic Stress Among U.S. Adults: Insights from NHANES 2017-2018.","authors":"Esther Ogundipe, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi","doi":"10.3390/jox15010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic stress, characterized by sustained activation of physiological stress response systems, is a key risk factor for numerous health conditions. Allostatic load (AL), a biomarker of cumulative physiological stress, offers a quantitative measure of this burden. Lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption and smoking, alongside environmental exposures to toxic metals like lead, cadmium, and mercury, were individually implicated in increasing AL. However, the combined impact of these lifestyle habits and environmental factors remains underexplored, particularly in populations facing co-occurring exposures. This study aims to investigate the joint effects of lifestyle habits and environmental factors on AL, using data from the NHANES 2017-2018 cycle. By employing linear regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR), we identify key predictors and explore interaction effects, providing new insights into how cumulative exposures contribute to chronic stress. Results from BKMR analysis underscore the importance of addressing combined exposures, particularly the synergistic effects of cadmium and alcohol consumption, in managing physiological stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the dataset, and multivariate linear regression was performed to assess associations between exposures and AL. BKMR was employed to estimate exposure-response functions and posterior inclusion probabilities (PIPs), focusing on identifying key predictors of AL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive analysis indicated that the mean levels of lead, cadmium, and mercury were 1.23 µg/dL, 0.49 µg/dL, and 1.37 µg/L, respectively. The mean allostatic load was 3.57. Linear regression indicated that alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased AL (β = 0.0933; 95% CI [0.0369, 0.1497]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Other exposures, including lead (β = -0.1056; 95% CI [-0.2518 to 0.0408]; <i>p</i> = 0.157), cadmium (β = -0.0001, 95% CI [-0.2037 to 0.2036], <i>p</i> = 0.999), mercury (β = -0.0149; 95% CI [-0.1175 to 0.0877]; <i>p</i> = 0.773), and smoking (β = 0.0129; 95% CI [-0.0086 to 0.0345]; <i>p</i> = 0.508), were not significant. BKMR analysis confirmed alcohol's strong importance for AL, with a PIP of 0.9996, and highlighted a non-linear effect of cadmium (PIP = 0.7526). The interaction between alcohol and cadmium showed a stronger effect on AL at higher exposure levels. In contrast, lead, mercury, and smoking demonstrated minimal effects on AL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol consumption and cadmium exposure were identified as key contributors to increased allostatic load, while other exposures showed no significant associations. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing lifestyle habits and environmental factors in managing physiological stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Ibuprofen in Water by Bioaugmentation with <i>Labrys neptuniae</i> CSW11 Isolated from Sewage Sludge-Assessment of Biodegradation Pathway Based on Metabolite Formation and Genomic Analysis.","authors":"Inés Aguilar-Romero, Fernando Madrid, Jaime Villaverde, Esteban Alonso, Juan Luis Santos, Esmeralda Morillo","doi":"10.3390/jox15010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ibuprofen (IBP) is one of the most consumed drugs in the world. It is only partially removed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), being present in effluent wastewater and sewage sludge, causing the widespread introduction of IBP as an emergent xenobiotic in different environmental compartments. This study describes the use of <i>Labrys neptuniae</i> CSW11, recently described as an IBP degrader, through bioaugmentation processes for the removal of IBP from water under different conditions (additional carbon sources, various concentrations of glucose and IBP). <i>L. neptuniae</i> CSW11 showed very good results in a wide range of IBP concentrations, with 100% removal in only 4 days for 1 and 5 mg L^-1 IBP and 7 days for 10 mg L^-1, and up to 48.4% removal in 28 days for IBP 100 mg L^-1 when using glucose 3 g L^-1 as an additional carbon source. Three IBP metabolites were identified during the biotransformation process: 1-hydroxyibuprofen (1-OH-IBP), 2-hydroxyibuprofen (2-OH-IBP), and carboxyibuprofen (CBX-IBP), whose concentrations declined drastically in the presence of glucose. IBP metabolites maintained a certain degree of toxicity in solution, even when IBP was completely removed. The results indicate that <i>L. neptuniae</i> CSW11 can be quite effective in degrading IBP in water, but the bioaugmentation method should be improved using CSW11 in consortia with other bacterial strains able to degrade the toxic metabolites produced. A genome-based analysis of <i>L. neptuniae</i> CSW11 revealed different enzymes that could be involved in IBP biodegradation, and a potential metabolic pathway was proposed based on the metabolites observed and genome analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penetration of Microplastics and Nanoparticles Through Skin: Effects of Size, Shape, and Surface Chemistry.","authors":"Arianna Menichetti, Dario Mordini, Marco Montalti","doi":"10.3390/jox15010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin represents an effective barrier against the penetration of external agents into the human body. Nevertheless, recent research has shown that small particles, especially in the nanosized range, can not only penetrate through the skin but also work as vectors to transport active molecules such as contrast agents or drugs. This knowledge has opened new perspectives on nanomedicine and controlled drug delivery. On the other hand, micro- and nanoplastics represent a form of emerging pollutants, and their concentration in the environment has been reported to drastically increase in the last years. The possible penetration of these particles through the skin has become a major concern for human health. If the actual primary toxicity of these materials is still debated, their possible role in the transport of toxic molecules through the skin, originating as secondary toxicity, is surely alarming. In this review paper, we analyze and critically discuss the most recent scientific publications to underline how these two processes, (i) the controlled delivery of bioactive molecules by micro- and nano-structures and (ii) the unwanted and uncontrolled penetration of toxic species through the skin mediated by micro- and nanoparticles, are deeply related and their efficiency is strongly affected by the nature, size, and shape of the particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11755607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual Dynamics of Chlorantraniliprole and Fludioxonil in Soil and Their Effects on the Microbiome.","authors":"Nan Hao, Huimin Zhang, Hui Jia, Yuwei Zhao, Jiaqi Li, Xiaoxiao Feng, Bowen Tang, Bin Zhao, Yingchao Liu","doi":"10.3390/jox15010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased use of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil has sparked concerns about their residues and impact on the soil microbiome, highlighting an urgent issue requiring attention. This study investigates the residue dynamics of corn after chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil treatments, as well as their effects on soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis showed a significant decrease in chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil residues in the soil after combined application, especially with chlorantraniliprole. This application caused a temporary reduction in urease and sucrase activities. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing of the soil microbiome revealed a decrease in the relative abundance of <i>Talaromyces</i> during fludioxonil application, while <i>Mortierela</i> and <i>Gibberella</i> increased. Additionally, <i>Vicianmibacteraceae</i> and <i>Vicianminbactererales</i> saw significant increases after chlorantraniliprole application. The combined application of chlorantraniliprole and fludioxonil not only decreased the population of harmful microorganisms but also lowered residue levels in the soil when compared to individual applications. This ultimately enhanced the efficacy of control measures and promoted environmental compatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}