Journal of Xenobiotics最新文献

{"title":"Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanocomposites in Environmental Remediation: An Overview of Typologies and Applications and an Analysis of Their Paradoxical Double-Sided Effects.","authors":"Silvana Alfei, Guendalina Zuccari","doi":"10.3390/jox15030076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incessant urbanization and industrialization have resulted in several pollutants being increasingly produced and continuously discharged into the environment, altering its equilibrium, with a high risk for living organisms' health. To restore it, new advanced materials for remediating gas streams, polluted soil, water, wastewater, groundwater and industrial waste are continually explored. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), including quantum dots, nanotubes, fullerenes and graphene, have displayed outstanding effectiveness in the decontamination of the environment by several processes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), due to their nonpareil characteristics and architecture, when included in absorbents, filter membranes, gas sensors, etc., have significantly improved the efficiency of these technologies in detecting and/or removing inorganic, organic and gaseous xenobiotics and pathogens from air, soil and aqueous matrices. Moreover, CNT-based membranes have displayed significant potential for efficient, fast and low-energy water desalination. However, despite CNTs serving as very potent instruments for environmental detoxification, their extensive utilization could, paradoxically, be highly noxious to the environment and, therefore, humans, due to their toxicity. The functionalization of CNTs (F-CNTs), in addition to further enhancing their absorption capacity and selectivity, has increased their hydrophilicity, thus minimizing their toxicity and carcinogenic effects. In this scenario, this review aims to provide evidence of both the enormous potential of CNTs in sustainable environmental remediation and the concerning hazards to the environment and living organisms that could derive from their extensive and uncontrolled utilization. To this end, an introduction to CNTs, including their eco-friendly production from biomass, is first reported. Several literature reports on CNTs' possible utilization for environmental remediation, their potential toxicity due to environmental accumulation and the challenges of their regeneration are provided using several reader-friendly tools, to better capture readers' attention and make reading easier.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Nanoplastics in Biological Systems: Systematic Review of In Vitro Animal Studies.","authors":"Maria Viana, Fernanda S Tonin, Carina Ladeira","doi":"10.3390/jox15030075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoplastic (NP) pollution has emerged as a growing concern due to its potential impact on human health, although its adverse effects on different organ systems are not yet fully understood. This systematic scoping review, conducted in accordance with international guidelines, aimed to map the current evidence on the biological effects of NPs. In vitro animal studies assessing cellular damage caused by exposure to any type of NP were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Data on primary outcomes related to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity (cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA and cytoplasmic damage, apoptosis) were extracted from the included studies, and overall reporting quality was assessed. A total of 108 articles published between 2018 and 2024, mostly by China (54%), Spain (14%), and Italy (9%), were included. Polystyrene (PS) was the most frequently studied polymer (85%). NP sizes in solution ranged from 15 to 531 nm, with a higher prevalence in the 40-100 nm range (38%). The overall quality of studies was rated as moderate (60%), with many lacking essential details about cell culture conditions (e.g., pH of the medium, passage number, substances used). A higher frequency of negative effects from NP exposure was observed in respiratory cell lines, while immune, digestive, and hepatic cell lines showed greater resistance. Nervous, urinary, and connective tissue systems were impacted by NPs. Positively charged and smaller PS particles were consistently associated with higher toxicity across all systems. In summary, this review highlights the multifactorial nature of NP toxicity, influenced by size, surface charge, and polymer type. It also reveals a significant knowledge gap, stemming from the predominant use of immortalized monocultures exposed to commercially available PS NPs, the limited use of environmentally relevant particles, and the underutilization of advanced experimental models (e.g., organ-on-chip systems) that better mimic physiological conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals and Arsenic Concentrations in Wild Boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i> L.) from Papuk Nature Park (Croatia).","authors":"Domagoj Vidosavljević, Miroslav Venus, Dinko Puntarić, Lidija Kalinić, Marina Vidosavljević, Mario Begović, Marta Despot, Vlatka Gvozdić","doi":"10.3390/jox15030074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn in the muscle, liver and kidney of wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) in Papuk Nature Park, Eastern Croatia. Muscles, liver and kidney of 38 wild boars, up to 3 years of age, were collected and the concentrations of elements were determined by ICP-MS. Cadmium exceeded the permitted levels acceptable for human consumption in 50% of kidney samples (max. = 6.64 mg kg^-1), 20% of liver samples (max. = 4.60 mg kg^-1) and 43% of muscle samples (max. = 0.672 mg kg^-1). Lead exceeded acceptable levels in 63% of liver samples (max. = 0.463 mg kg^-1), 51% of kidney samples (max. = 11.8 mg kg^-1) and 65% of muscle samples (max. = 9.10 mg kg^-1). Mercury concentrations in the liver were higher than allowed in 13% (max. = 0.552 mg kg^-1) in kidneys in 27% (max. = 0.484 mg kg^-1), and in the muscles in 15% (max. = 0.103 mg kg^-1) of cases. Arsenic concentrations in muscles exceeded the permissible value in 30% of cases (max. = 0.286 mg kg^-1). The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn did not significantly differ from the values reported in other studies. Median concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn ranged as follows: muscle (0.193, 2.94, 44.5 and 20.6 mg kg^-1), kidney (0.140, 5.32, 110 and 23.3 mg kg^-1) and liver (0.130, 3.71, 278 and 36.0 mg kg^-1).</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Exposome and the Kidney: A Silent Dialogue Shaping Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Livia Alvarenga, Marcia Ribeiro, Ludmila F M F Cardozo, Natália A Borges, Peter Stenvinkel, Denise Mafra","doi":"10.3390/jox15030073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic predisposition accounts for less than 20% of the global disease burden, highlighting the substantial role of environmental factors in health outcomes. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), a growing global prevalence, understanding the interplay between genes and the environment is crucial. Emerging research in the exposome and genome underscores how environmental exposures interact with genetic variants to influence the development and progression of CKD. The term \"exposome\" encompasses a variety of factors, including personal behaviors like smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and making specific dietary choices (such as consuming ultra-processed foods, sugar, or fat). It also includes broader determinants such as pesticides, air, water, and soil pollution, nanoplastics, global warming, stressful life events, and socioeconomic status. Research on the exposome significantly increases our understanding of toxicological processes and individual variations in susceptibility to environmental stressors. This narrative review aims to explore the exposome associated with CKD, highlight key environmental exposures in its development, and discuss potential preventive and therapeutic strategies informed by these exposure-related factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution and Pituitary Adenoma Pathogenesis: Unraveling Environmental Impacts on Neuroendocrine Function and Tumorigenesis.","authors":"Andre E Boyke, Simon A Menaker, Alberto Nunez, Keith L Black, Vladimir A Ljubimov","doi":"10.3390/jox15030071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pituitary adenomas, although predominantly benign, can lead to significant clinical complications due to endocrine imbalances and mass effects on adjacent structures. Traditional research has focused on intrinsic factors like genetic mutations and hormonal dysregulation; however, emerging evidence implicates environmental pollutants-particularly urban air contaminants-in pituitary tumorigenesis. This review consolidates current findings on how chronic exposure to pollutants such as benzene, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may trigger neuroinflammation, disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and alter pituitary cell proliferation and hormone secretion. We explore mechanistic pathways involving inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and microenvironmental modifications that contribute to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Epidemiological studies, supported by in vitro experiments, suggest that air pollutants not only initiate the development of pituitary adenomas but may also enhance the secretory activity of functioning tumors, potentially increasing their aggressiveness. Given the escalating global burden of air pollution and its far-reaching public health implications, further investigation is essential to elucidate these complex interactions. Advancing our understanding in this area could inform preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating the environmental impact on pituitary tumor behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of microRNA (miRNA) Due to Phthalate/Phthalate Metabolite Exposure and Associated Health Effects: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Aamer Mohammed, Stephen L Atkin, Edwina Brennan","doi":"10.3390/jox15030072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phthalates, a group of synthetic non-persistent organic chemicals commonly used as solvents and plasticisers, have been associated with a range of detrimental health effects. These endocrine disrupting chemicals (ECDs) may exert their effects through epigenetic changes such as altered microRNA (miRNA) expression. miRNAs are short non-coding endogenous RNA transcripts that are preferentially expressed in various tissues and cell types and can circulate in body fluids, thereby regulating gene expression and acting as mediators for intercellular communication. As miRNAs mostly target protein-coding transcripts, they are involved in nearly all networks that regulate developmental and pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of human, in vivo and in vitro studies assessing altered miRNA expression due to phthalate exposure and their biological effects. Importantly, this study suggests that the mechanism of phthalate action may in part be mediated by epigenetic changes, affecting a large number of different proteins. This is indicative that alterations in miRNA expression induced by phthalate exposure are then implicated in a wide range of health conditions, including reproductive dysfunction, oncogenesis, metabolic disorders, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Exposure to phthalates and their metabolites predominantly results in the upregulation of miRNAs. Dysregulation of miR-34a, miR-15b, miR-141, miR-184, miR-19a, miR-125, and miR-let-7 were observed across several studies. More research involving human participants combined with mechanistic studies integrating mRNA target analysis would be beneficial in understanding the downstream effects of phthalate exposure on gene expression and grasping the broader biological implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Modulating Nutrient Subcellular Distribution in Wheat Grown in Mn-Toxic Soil.","authors":"Jorge Miguel Silva Faria, Ana Paula Pinto, Pedro Barrulas, Isabel Brito, Dora M Teixeira","doi":"10.3390/jox15030070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal toxicity leads to impaired crop growth and reduced crop yields and product quality by disrupting plant nutrient uptake, inhibiting development, inducing oxidative stress, and causing cellular toxicity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play a crucial role in crops' adaptation to manganese (Mn) toxicity by regulating nutrient uptake and altering subcellular compartmentalization. The present study examines the influence of intact extraradical mycelia (ERMs) from native AMF on wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) grown in Mn-toxic soil, with a focus on the tissue-specific and subcellular Ca, Mg, P, and Mn distribution. Wheat cultivated in soil pre-colonized using an intact ERM associated with <i>Lolium rigidum</i> or <i>Ornithopus compressus</i> exhibited enhanced growth and improved P contents. During the first week of growth, the Mn concentrations increased in the wheat's roots and shoots, but Mn was subsequently reduced and sequestered within the cell wall. In contrast, in the absence of an intact ERM, the Mn accumulation in wheat followed an apparent continuous time-course pattern. AMF-mediated cell wall sequestration seems to contribute to Mn detoxification by limiting excessive cytoplasmic accumulation. Furthermore, AMF-driven changes in the element distribution suggest a dynamic response, wherein an early-stage nutrient uptake transitions into a long-term protective mechanism. These findings highlight the potential of AMF in mitigating Mn stress in crops, providing insights for sustainable agriculture and soil remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Retinoic Acid on the Cerebral Vasculature: Analysis of the Vasoactive Response of Smooth Muscle Cells in Normal and Ischemic Contexts.","authors":"Manuel R Pouso, Emanuel Farinha, Henrique E Costa, Margarida Lorigo, Graça Baltazar, Elisa Cairrao","doi":"10.3390/jox15030069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, has been shown to prevent the development of neurological disorders by ensuring the integrity of the physiological structure of the neurovascular unit and regulating the physiological cell's function. After an ischemia event, RA reduces the effects of blood-brain barrier disruption by blocking the apoptotic signaling pathway. However, the effect of RA on smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are crucial to maintaining blood perfusion, has never been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of RA on the vasoactive response of middle cerebral artery SMCs in normal and ischemic contexts (O₂ and glucose deprivation, OGD). For this purpose, SMCs cultures were incubated with RA, and the vasoactive response was evaluated in both conditions (OGD and non-OGD). To simulate OGD, co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes were made and incubated with RA to analyze the effect of the secretome released by these cells on SMCs contractility. In non-OGD conditions, RA induced rapid relaxation of SMCs and, in the long term (24 h), promoted cell contraction. In OGD conditions, SMCs contractility patterns were different when pre-incubated with RA. In these conditions, NA loses its contractility effect, and SNP seems to revert its relaxant effect. However, SMCs pre-incubated with 5 uM RA show the vasorelaxant pattern typical of SNP, despite the OGD condition. These effects demonstrate an effect of RA on the vasoactive profile of SMCs, with therapeutic potential in OGD conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Interplay of Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Aderonke Gbemi Adetunji, Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi","doi":"10.3390/jox15030068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality globally, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths. Exposure to toxic metals poses significant risks to cardiovascular health, contributing to the development of CVDs. Essential elements are crucial for maintaining cardiovascular function; however, imbalances or deficiencies in these elements can exacerbate the risk and progression of CVDs. Understanding the interactions between toxic metals and essential elements is crucial for elucidating their impact on cardiovascular health. This study aims to examine the individual and combined effects of toxic metals-lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg)-along with essential elements-manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se)-on CVDs. We explored the effects of toxic metals and essential elements using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2017-2018). We conducted descriptive analyses and applied advanced statistical methods, including Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), weighted quantile sum regression (WQSR), and quantile g-computation, to assess the associations between these toxic metals and essential elements on key cardiovascular-related biomarkers. The results revealed distinct patterns of influence across the toxic metals and essential elements. Spearman correlation showed a stronger association among toxic metals than essential elements. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and posterior inclusion probability (PIP) analysis identified lead, mercury, iron, and selenium as key contributors to CVD risk, with lead strongly linked to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Selenium was linked to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol. Univariate and bivariate analyses confirmed lead and mercury's strong associations with triglycerides and blood pressure, while lead, selenium, and iron were linked to different cholesterol outcomes. Single-variable analysis revealed an interaction between individual exposures and combined exposures. The overall exposure effect assessing the impact of all exposures combined on CVD markers revealed a steady positive association with triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, non-HDL cholesterol, and DBP, with HDL and SBP increasing from the 65th percentile. Quantile g-computation and WQSR confirmed lead's consistent positive association across all outcomes, with variations among other toxic metals and essential elements. In conclusion, our study suggests that toxic metals and essential elements are important factors in CVD outcomes, with different metals and elements associated with variations in specific biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>COMT</i> Genetic Variants and BDNF Level Associations with Cannabinoid Plasma Exposure: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Alessandra Manca, Cristina Valz, Francesco Chiara, Alice Palermiti, Jacopo Mula, Sara Soloperto, Miriam Antonucci, Amedeo De Nicolò, Nicola Luxardo, Daniele Imperiale, Flavio Vischia, David De Cori, Jessica Cusato, Antonio D'Avolio","doi":"10.3390/jox15030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/jox15030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. shows potent anti-inflammatory activity, resulting in an interesting pharmacological option for pain management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between pharmacogenetics, neurological and inflammatory biomarkers, and cannabinoid plasma exposure in patients treated with cannabis. A total of 58 patients with a diagnosis of neuropathic and chronic pain treated with medical cannabis were analyzed. Cannabis was administered as a decoction (n = 47) and as inhaled cannabis (n = 11): 30 patients were treated with cannabis with high THC, while 28 patients were treated with cannabis with reduced THC (plus CBD). Cannabinoid plasma concentrations were obtained with UHPLC-MS/MS. Allelic discrimination was assessed by real-time PCR. Inflammation biomarkers (e.g., interleukin-10) were analyzed by ELISA, neurofilaments light chain (NFL), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by Single Molecule Array. A statistically significant difference in IL-10 (<i>p</i> = 0.009) and BDNF (<i>p</i> = 0.004) levels was observed comparing patients treated with decoction and inhaled cannabis. BDNF and NFL results correlated with cannabinoid concentrations. Concerning genetics, the <i>COMT</i> 680 T>C genetic variant influences cannabinoid plasma levels, including Δ9-THC (<i>p</i> = 0.017). Conclusions: This study shows a possible impact of some genetic variants on cannabinoid plasma exposure, other than a possible role of medical cannabis on inflammation-related and neuronal impairment factor levels. Further studies in larger cohorts are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":42356,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Xenobiotics","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}