Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"Locomotor activity alterations in zebrafish following cisplatin exposure: An assessment of neurobehavioral toxicity","authors":"Gustavo Axel Elizalde-Velázquez ,&nbsp;Daniela Arriaga-Navarrete ,&nbsp;Selene Elizabeth Herrera-Vázquez ,&nbsp;Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván ,&nbsp;Karina Elisa Rosales-Pérez ,&nbsp;Nely SanJuan-Reyes ,&nbsp;Ana María Téllez-López ,&nbsp;Sandra García-Medina ,&nbsp;Marcela Galar-Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumors. However, its extensive clinical application raises environmental concerns, as it has been detected in wastewater effluents at concentrations as high as 150 μg/L. Even though recent studies indicate that even sub-lethal concentrations of cisplatin may induce neurobehavioral toxicity in aquatic organisms, the precise mechanism underlying cisplatin-induced behavioral disturbances remains unclear. Considering the above and that the neurotoxic impact of cisplatin on aquatic vertebrates remains unexplored mainly, this study sought to address two key objectives: 1) to determine whether cisplatin induces neurotoxic effects in fish and 2) to investigate the mechanisms through which cisplatin may cause neurobehavioral changes in these organisms. The findings revealed that zebrafish exposed to cisplatin concentrations of 2, 5, and 10 μg/L experienced a marked reduction in locomotor activity, with pronounced periods of immobility and the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, exposure to cisplatin over 96 h led to considerable disruptions in redox balance and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, characterized by a pronounced enzymatic inhibition. Likewise, gene expression analyses further demonstrated that cisplatin exposure upregulated pathways associated with apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction while concurrently downregulated pathways linked to neuronal protection and muscle development. Overall, these findings underscore cisplatin's broad and multifaceted effects on zebrafish, involving both behavioral and biochemical alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179776"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An approach to uncover significant direct and mediated relationships in multi-dimensional new approach methods (NAMs) data: A case study of hazard evaluation of petroleum UVCBs","authors":"Yi-Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Paul J. Gallins ,&nbsp;Ivan Rusyn ,&nbsp;Fred A. Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New Approach Methods (NAMs) encompass a wide range of data types; it is increasingly common to have highly multi-dimensional data (e.g., cellular, molecular and gene expression effects) on the same chemicals. In addition, chemical structure descriptors (for mono-constituent substances) or fractional composition (for complex substances) inform similarity hypotheses for read-across. Still, the utility of these multi-dimensional datasets for decision-making is difficult to ascertain. To address this challenge, we hypothesized that correlation and mediation analyses methods can be used to uncover significant and interpretable relationships in complex NAMs datasets. We used previously published data on 141 petroleum UVCBs (substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products and biological materials) that included (i) characterization of the polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) content, (ii) 42 bioactivity measurements from 12 human cell types, and (iii) transcriptomic data from 6 cell types. We explored the relationships among data types and determined how these data can be used for bioactivity-based prioritization. We found that PAC content was highly informative for bioactivity prediction, while the addition of transcriptomic data provided modest improvements. We then applied the statistical procedure of mediation analysis to uncover relationships among transcriptomics, PAC, and bioactivity. The strongest relationships appeared to be nearly completely mediated, and phenotypes with high transcriptomic mediation tended to have high correlation with PAC content. This study shows how a mediation analysis approach can be used to uncover relationships in multi-dimensional NAMs datasets and provides further insights into strategies for hazard prioritization using a combination of transcriptomic and bioactivity data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179724"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal methylmercury poisoning and neurocognitive impairment in Minamata","authors":"Takashi Yorifuji ,&nbsp;Yuka Yamamura ,&nbsp;Itsuka Nagano ,&nbsp;Yoko Kado ,&nbsp;Shinichi Shigeoka ,&nbsp;Tadashi Fujino","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minamata disease, officially identified in 1956, refers to methylmercury food poisoning that occurred in Minamata City, Japan. Although many children in the affected areas were born with severe neurological signs after birth (known as congenital Minamata disease [CMD]), little investigation has been conducted to elucidate the health effects on those who were born at the same time in the affected areas. We used historical data from a clinical study conducted in 1970 in the city of Minamata (a methylmercury-polluted area) and the island region of Amakusa (a less polluted area) to evaluate the association between prenatal methylmercury exposure and neurocognitive impairment in a total of 416 junior high school students. We divided the participants into three categories: those who lived in a highly exposed area, those who lived in a moderately exposed area (both in Minamata City), and those who lived in a less exposed area (in the Amakusa island region). We then calculated the prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in each category and estimated prevalence ratios with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for neurocognitive impairment compared with the less exposed area, adjusting for potential confounders. We then found that the prevalence for both neurocognitive impairment and severe neurocognitive impairment among students in the highly exposed area were 2.08 (95 % CI: 1.26 to 3.44) and 2.84 (95 % CI: 1.18 to 6.81) times higher, respectively, than those in the less exposed area. Prenatal methylmercury exposure affected neurocognitive function in CMD patients and in Minamata residents born at the same time as CMD patients in the affected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179743"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of mountain-Mediterranean karst aquifers as lighthouses for the assessment of global change impacts in the Mediterranean region: the Sierra Seca aquifer system (SE Spain)","authors":"J. Jódar ,&nbsp;A.L. Morales-González ,&nbsp;J. Urrutia ,&nbsp;C. Herrera ,&nbsp;L.J. Lambán ,&nbsp;S. Martos-Rosillo ,&nbsp;A. González-Ramón","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sierra Seca aquifer system is in the NE of the province of Granada, in the Prebaetic Domain (Baetic Cordillera). It is composed of two hillslope karst aquifers hosted in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous limestones, respectively. Aquifer recharge is a process that occurs along the slope of such limestone outcrops. This work has two objectives: to estimate the recharge of the Sierra Seca aquifer system and to assess the impact of climate change on this recharge. The mean recharge of the aquifer system (<span><math><msub><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></math></span>) and the recharge efficiency (<span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span>) are estimated by two complementary approaches: (1) using a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model (HBV model), and (2) using the chloride content of the recharge as an environmental tracer (CMB model). The estimates of <span><math><msub><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>R</mi></msub></math></span> obtained by both approaches are similar, being 277 mm/yr and 266 mm/yr for HBV and CMB, respectively. Similarly for <span><math><mi>ξ</mi></math></span>, the values are 50.5 % and 48.5 % for HBV and CMB. The impact of climate change on recharge is estimated from the relationship between precipitation and recharge observed in the carbonate-karst aquifers of the Baetic-Cordillera system (S Spain). The Sierra Seca aquifer system will be significantly affected, with a reduction in recharge of &gt;75 %, regardless of the IPCC climate change scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swine production intensity and swine-specific fecal contamination of household surfaces at residences of industrial livestock operation workers and community residents, North Carolina, USA","authors":"Kathleen M. Kurowski ,&nbsp;Nora Pisanic ,&nbsp;Kristoffer Spicer ,&nbsp;Kate Kruczynski ,&nbsp;Carolyn Gigot ,&nbsp;Devon J. Hall Jr ,&nbsp;Devon J. Hall Sr ,&nbsp;Kyle T. Aune ,&nbsp;Bonita Salmerón ,&nbsp;Ana M. Rule ,&nbsp;Christopher D. Heaney","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In North Carolina (NC), industrial livestock operations (ILOs) that produce swine concentrate fecal waste in lagoons and sprayfields, which are disproportionately located in low-income communities of color. Although swine-specific fecal contamination of surface waters proximal to swine ILOs has been documented, less is known about contamination of homes proximal to swine ILOs. Up to 6 outdoor and 6 indoor surface settled dust samples were collected from households: 1) with &gt;= 1 ILO worker (ILO-W); 2) neighboring ILOs without occupational exposure to livestock (ILO-N); and 3) in metropolitan areas of NC (Metro). Using quantitative real-time PCR, the DNA copy number of Pig-2-Bac, a swine-specific fecal microbial source tracking (MST) marker, per square inch of household surfaces sampled was measured. We used permits of swine ILOs and steady state live weight to assign swine production intensity (SPI) exposure values to each household. We estimated associations between household group (Metro as reference), outdoor versus indoor household surface, and log₁₀ SPI with Pig-2-Bac DNA detection frequency (logistic) and quantity (linear) via regression modeling. Prevalence of household Pig-2-Bac positivity was 38 % (40/105) at ILO-W (159/536 swabs; 30 %); 44 % (47/107) at ILO-N (142/557 swabs; 25 %), and 1 % (1/81) at Metro (1/321 swabs; 1 %) households. Pig-2-Bac DNA was detected more often (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.6, 3.0) and in higher quantity (β = 0.30; 95 % CI = 0.19, 0.41) on outdoor compared to indoor surfaces. For every log₁₀ unit increase in SPI, the Pig-2-Bac DNA detection frequency (OR = 5.4; 95 % CI = 2.8, 10.4) and quantity (β = 0.21; 95 % CI = 0.13, 0.29) increased. Results demonstrate the utility of Pig-2-Bac DNA measurement in household surface dust and suggest that swine ILOs contribute to the contamination of NC community residents' households with swine fecal material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179591"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric carbon dioxide removal using layers of lime","authors":"Olivia Hawrot,&nbsp;Phil Renforth","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal oxides such as lime (CaO and Ca(OH)₂) or magnesium oxide (MgO) react spontaneously with CO₂ in the air, under ambient conditions, to form stable carbonate minerals. They are therefore, being used as reactive materials to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to help prevent climate change. In these technologies ‘thin’ layers of calcium or magnesium oxides/hydroxides are spread over an area of land or inside tiered structures to contact the material with CO₂ in the air. The proposed thickness of these layers varies by orders of magnitude between theoretical studies, from 3 to 100 mm, however, there is no published data describing the rates of carbonation as a function of layer thickness for lime. This study monitored the carbonation reaction of 2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mm layers of CaO and Ca(OH)₂ in ambient temperatures and concentrations of CO₂. The results show that repeated spreading of thin layers (&lt;10 mm every 5–10 days) resulted in the largest removal rate per spatial area (&gt;2 t CO₂ ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). However, given that the production costs of zero carbon lime may be substantially greater than the cost of land, it may be more economical to maximise conversion through extended periods between applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179761"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from wild animals using genomes available in public databases","authors":"Andnet Yirga Assefa ,&nbsp;Biel Garcias ,&nbsp;Evangelos Mourkas ,&nbsp;Rafael A. Molina-López ,&nbsp;Laila Darwich","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing worldwide health challenge fueled by the improper and/or excessive use of antimicrobials in humans and animals. Wild animals can acquire AMR from waste released into the environment, being a good bioindicator of AMR pollution in that compartment. This study aimed to estimate the global distribution of antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs) in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) isolated from wild animals (birds and mammals) and to assess their role as sentinels for the study of AMR in the environment. A total of 4436 <em>E. coli</em> genomes were retrieved from three public databases and screened for ARGs using ResFinder, revealing 159 unique ARGs. The tetracycline-resistant gene <em>tet(A)</em> was the most frequently detected (22.1 %). The highest burden of ARGs per genome was identified in Asia (5.9), followed by Africa (5.2) and South and Central America (5). Wild birds and carnivores harbored more ARGs per isolate than wild ungulates, bats and other mammals. Additionally, wild animals inhabiting aquatic environment carried a higher number ARGs per genome compared to terrestrial species. Furthermore, genomes from those groups of animals showed a higher level of predicted resistance to classes of antibiotics widely used in humans and animals, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and last-resort antibiotics like colistin and carbapenems. Given the higher burden and their presence in different ecosystems, wild animals, especially birds, carnivores, and those living in the aquatic environment, could be good sentinels for the study of AMR pollution in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179742"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silent threats beneath the surface: unraveling the impact of organophosphate toxicity on fish","authors":"Dip Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Surajit Ghosh ,&nbsp;Ahamadul Hoque Mandal ,&nbsp;Nimai Chandra Saha ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio ,&nbsp;Paolo Pastorino ,&nbsp;Shubhajit Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticides, a subset of pesticides, play a crucial role in enhancing human well-being by combating vector-borne illnesses and safeguarding crops from harmful organisms. Among these, organophosphate insecticides are extensively utilized for agricultural, household, and industrial pest management. Despite their reduced environmental persistence, organophosphates can have adverse effects on non-target species. The widespread and increasing use of these compounds has led to their frequent detection in environmental samples, living organisms, and residential areas across various generations and types. Organophosphate insecticides exhibit high toxicity to a range of animals, including mammals, birds, amphibians, and aquatic life such as fish. This critical review examines the presence, behavior, metabolic processes, and bioavailability of organophosphate insecticides in aquatic environments. Additionally, it discusses biomarkers used to assess the toxic effects of these compounds on fish. The deleterious impacts of organophosphate insecticides on fish encompass oxidative stress and damage, including the generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. Other effects include neurological and behavioral abnormalities, developmental issues such as delayed growth and signalling disruptions, biochemical changes in protein, glucose, and enzyme levels, and alterations in blood components like white blood cells, red blood cells, and hemoglobin. Furthermore, these insecticides can affect physiological processes related to metabolism, cause histopathological changes in organs such as the brain, liver, intestine, kidney, heart, muscles, spleen and gills, and induce molecular toxicity, including DNA damage, micronuclei formation, and altered gene or mRNA expression. Reproductive and endocrine disruption, such as interference with pathways and signalling, are also observed. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the substantial and varied toxicological impacts of organophosphate insecticides on fish across multiple biological levels, underscoring the urgent necessity for effective control measures to safeguard aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179725"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzophenone-3: A systematic review on aquatic toxicity, pollution status, environmental risk assessment, and treatment approaches","authors":"Naveeta Kotia ,&nbsp;Reshma Sinha ,&nbsp;Valbona Aliko ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) is a widely employed UV filter and forms the composition of sunscreens and various personal care products. It enters the water through human recreational activities and through ineffective degradation in conventional wastewater treatment plants. Due to its global detection, low water solubility, diminished biodegradability, elevated sorption potential, potential bioaccumulation, and endocrine-disrupting effects, it has been categorized as an emerging pollutant. The detection of BP-3 and its metabolites in various aquatic organisms globally has raised concerns about potential repercussions in the food chain. Environmental risk assessments revealed hazard quotient (HQ) values between 0.04 and 12.0 for freshwater habitats, indicating significant risks. The predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) ranged from 0.0139 to 19.1 μg/L, indicating varied risk levels and necessitating further refinement. Monitoring sewage plants using different treatment methods concluded the addition of metabolites and degradation by-products with added negative impact and other limitations. Assessment of advanced oxidation process of BP-3 removal strategies displayed reduced by-product toxicity and better removal rates using sonochemical decomposition (98 %), potassium permanganate treatment (91.3 %), and cobalt ferrite-activated persulfate oxidation technology (91 %). Despite this, these showed implementation hindrances, large-scalability issues, and lower degradation efficiencies at real matrices. Recent developments highlight feasible techniques such as phytoremediation, microalgae-assisted mitigation, and microbial degradation with improved removal rates and minimized by-product toxicity. Present review systematically examines the contamination level of BP-3 and its ecotoxicological impact on aquatic ecosystems, elucidating the intrinsic mechanism of action and identifying current knowledge deficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179740"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa)","authors":"Helena Mertens ,&nbsp;Tanja Schwerdtle ,&nbsp;Cornelia Weikert ,&nbsp;Klaus Abraham ,&nbsp;Bernhard H. Monien","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) resulted in ubiquitous environmental contamination. Understanding the PFAS tissue distribution in mammals and humans is crucial for the assessment of potential health risks. The levels of eleven PFAS were determined by UPLC-MS/MS in plasma and various tissues of wild boar (<em>n</em> = 82) hunted in Germany. The most prevalent PFAS (PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS) were detected in all analyzed samples. The median level of the sum (Σ 4PFAS) was highest in liver (90.2 μg/kg), followed by kidney (9.45 μg/kg), plasma (7.63 μg/L), lung (6.84 μg/kg), heart muscle (2.60 μg/kg), spleen (2.46 μg/kg), and skeletal muscle (1.03 μg/kg). Consumption of a single portion (125 g) of liver containing the Σ 4PFAS median level would result in a 36.6-fold exceedance of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of EFSA in a 70 kg-person. The accumulation (calculated as tissue/plasma ratio) of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids with η_pfc = 8–13 in lung, spleen, muscle and heart tissues increased with molecule size, indicating passive mechanisms of distribution driven by hydrophobicity. In contrast, liver and kidney distribution coefficients scattered, indicating additional involvement of chain-length dependent active transport processes. The highest accumulation was observed for PFOS in the liver (median tissue/plasma ratio 18.0). The shortest PFAS included in the study (PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS and PFHxS) did not accumulate in any of the tissues, probably due to strong binding to blood proteins like serum albumin and their relative polarity impeding passive membrane diffusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"985 ","pages":"Article 179668"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}