Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"Correlation between wastewater-based substance use prevalence and syringe distribution in a harm reduction program in the United States.","authors":"Bikram Subedi, Houston D Hampton, Joshua Revell, Kabita Kharel, Gopal Nath","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comprehensive, near-real-time assessment of substance use can offer critical insights to -improve the effectiveness of current harm reduction strategies aimed at preventing overdose fatalities. This study employed wastewater-based epidemiology to monitor psychostimulants, opioids, medications for opioid use disorder, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and cannabis over 12 months in a community operating a syringe services program -. On average, an estimated 44,000 monthly doses of methamphetamine (2660 ± 547 mg/d/1000 people), 41,600 doses of oxycodone (159 ± 109 mg/d/1000 people), 9600 doses of cocaine (688 ± 240 mg/d/1000 people), and 19,000 doses of venlafaxine (242 ± 47.8 mg/d/1000 people) were consumed in an SSP community of approximately 10,000 residents. While monthly syringe distribution showed no correlation with individual drug usage, there was a significant correlation with wastewater-based epidemiology -derived monthly doses of drug classes - such as prescription opioids (R² = 0.737; p = 0.001) and combined doses of psychostimulants and opioids (R² = 0.783; p < 0.001)-indicating that syringes were primarily used for injecting opioids and psychostimulants. This study demonstrates that wastewater-based epidemiology can serve as a potential complementary tool for community-based harm reduction programs by providing accurate data on substance use, evaluating the impact of public health initiatives among people who use drugs, and underscoring the need for new harm reduction initiatives-ultimately aiding in the reduction of overdose fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180186"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal trends and source apportionment of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_2.5 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yousef Alsufayan, Shedrack R Nayebare, Omar S Aburizaiza, Azhar Siddique, David O Carpenter, Mirza M Hussain, Jahan Zeb, Abdullah J Aburiziza, Haider A Khwaja","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Makkah, a major religious hub in Saudi Arabia that hosts millions of pilgrims annually, has experienced rapid urban expansion, intensified traffic, and extensive construction factors that collectively worsen the air quality. This study examined the concentrations and sources of water soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) in PM₂.₅ collected from five urban sites: Alharam, Ar Rusayfah, Alshoqiyah, Alhajj, and Herra Hospital. The concentrations of average PM₂.₅ were as follows: 109 ± 59.6 μg m^-3, 75.9 ± 50.5 μg m^-3, 59.3 ± 39.3 μg m^-3, 63.2 ± 39.4 μg m^-3, and 63.6 ± 53.9 μg m^-3 in Alharam, Ar Rusayfah, Alshoqiyah, Alhajj, and Herra Hospital, respectively. These values exceeded the World Health Organization's 24 h guideline (15 μg m^-3) by factors of approximately 4.0 to 7.3. Seasonal patterns showed that PM₂.₅ loads climbed to a springtime maximum before tapering off to their winter minimum. Across every sampling site, sulfate (SO₄^2-) emerged as the most abundant ion, followed by ammonium (NH₄⁺) and nitrate (NO₃^-), collectively accounting for approximately 19 % of PM₂.₅ mass. Strong relationships between NH₄⁺, SO₄^2-, and NO₃^- suggested that secondary aerosols were significantly formed, mostly in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) and ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄. The concentrations of WSIIs varied significantly across the five sites, with higher levels observed in urban and high-traffic areas, indicating site-specific emission strengths. Spatially, secondary ions such as SO₄^2- and NO₃^- were dominant in densely populated zones, while natural sources influenced the suburban sites. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified the key sources of emissions, including the combustion of fuel, construction activities, biomass burning, and secondary mineral dust, differing in proportion depending on local activities and meteorological conditions. Elevated levels of water-soluble ions can enhance the hygroscopicity of particles, reduce visibility, and pose substantial health risks. The persistent exceedance of international air quality standards underscores the urgent need for targeted emission-control strategies, especially during the height of the pilgrimage season, to protect the public health and ensure environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180152"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics occurrence in water, sediment and edible small indigenous fish species in seasonal freshwater wetland ecosystems of Bangladesh.","authors":"Sheik Istiak Md Shahriar, Omor Mohammed Chowdhury, Md Nazmul Huda Nahid, Muallimul Islam, Tofazzal Islam, Saleha Khan, Md Shahjahan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread presence of microplastics (MP) in all matrices of the freshwater ecosystem is gaining attention globally due to their adverse impacts on the environment, wildlife, and human health. As the occurrence of MP in seasonal wetlands of Bangladesh remains unstudied, this study aimed to investigate the abundance, characteristics, and polymer types of microplastics occurring in water, sediment, and three small indigenous fish species (Puntius sophore, Mystus vittatus, and Channa punctatus, n = 480) in both fresh and dried conditions. The samples were collected from two locations within each of two selected wetlands (Chalan Beel: Boraigram and Gurudaspur, Haor: Mithamain and Astogram) in Bangladesh. The microplastics isolation procedure involved alkali digestion, wet peroxidation, density separation, and filtration. Polymer identification was carried out through FT-IR spectroscopy. The results revealed that microplastics were present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), gills, and muscle of all three fish species. The demersal fish, M. vittatus, had the highest number of MP in its GIT (both fresh and dried) in Chalan Beel, which was statistically higher than in Haor. Moreover, C. punctatus ingested the lowest amount of MP particles on a body weight basis. These findings indicated that the muscle of dried fish accumulated relatively higher microplastic content compared to fresh samples. Besides, the mean concentration of MP found in Chalan Beel was statistically greater than in Haor for both water and sediment. Among the three size classes, smaller MP (0.03-0.05 mm) were most frequently isolated from water, sediment, fresh, and dried fish. Additionally, a larger proportion of microfibers was found in all types of samples, particularly in fish. The MP detected in water and sediment were predominantly red and blue, whereas fish ingested the highest percentage of translucent MP. However, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) were the most common polymers present in these wetland ecosystems. Taken together, these results indicate that the seasonal inland wetlands of Bangladesh are polluted with microplastic contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180211"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Route-specific ecotoxicogenomic responses of the honey bee Apis mellifera to imidacloprid revealed by co-expression analysis.","authors":"Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi, Juliana Afonso, Jaine da Luz Scheffer, Yan Souza Lima, Marcus Vinícius Niz Alvarez, Marina Rufino Salinas Fortes, Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study applies an ecotoxicogenomic approach to investigate the molecular impacts of imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, on Apis mellifera, using RNA-sequencing data to construct co-expression gene networks. We hypothesised that oral and contact exposure routes elicit distinct transcriptomic responses, reflected in the structure and composition of route-specific co-expression networks. Imidacloprid exposure triggers alterations in multiple interconnected pathways, reflecting its widespread impact on essential processes. Two distinct networks were derived from ingestion and contact exposure trials, comprising 263 and 249 genes, respectively. Distinct molecular responses and hub genes were observed between ingestion and contact exposure routes, revealing route-specific mechanisms of imidacloprid toxicity in honey bees. Analysis identified key hub genes, such as Ac3, AChE2, A4, and ACSF2 in the ingestion network, and Cryl1, Apid1, Blop, and LOC100577632 in the contact network, implicated in essential processes including cellular signalling, energy metabolism, immune regulation, and sensory function. Functional enrichment revealed disruptions in critical biological pathways such as G protein-coupled receptor signalling, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid biosynthesis. These perturbations suggest that chronic exposure to imidacloprid may compromise foraging behaviour, cognitive function, immunity, and overall colony health. By integrating transcriptomic and network-based analyses, this study offers new insights into the potential sub-lethal molecular effects of neonicotinoids on pollinators, reinforcing the need for sustainable pest management strategies and tighter pesticide regulations. Future research should further elucidate the specific roles of hub genes across different exposure scenarios to better inform conservation strategies and regulatory policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic effects of endosulfan on zebrafish (Danio rerio): Cognitive impairments, metallomic alterations, and impact of donepezil treatment.","authors":"Chaeeun Kim, Hojin Kim, Donghyeon Kim, Junnyeong Shin, Sohee Kim, Sung-Eun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endosulfan is classified as a persistent organic pollutant with a ban on use globally, yet it continues to be detected in various environmental compartments. In this study, we used technical endosulfan (with a 7:3 ratio of α-endosulfan to β-endosulfan) to assess its neurotoxic effects on aquatic organisms, particularly adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed to concentrations ranging from 0 to 2.5 μg/L for 96 h, and their power spectral density was measured using an electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG analysis revealed ictal-like activity in zebrafish exposed to 0.5 μg/L of endosulfan. At the 1.0 μg/L concentration, power spectral densities of all frequency bands increased dramatically in the endosulfan-treated zebrafish, except for the delta band, indicating cognitive impairment. This study provides the first report quantifying the neurotoxic effects of endosulfan in fish. Metallomic analysis using ICP-OES and ICP-MS revealed a significant decrease in Fe levels at 2.5 μg/L, an increase in Mo at 1 μg/L, and elevated Pb levels at both 1 and 2.5 μg/L in the endosulfan-treated zebrafish, with these elemental alterations associated with cognitive impairment. Additionally, donepezil, a drug used to treat cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine, was ineffective in alleviating endosulfan-induced cognitive impairment and even exacerbated it. Therefore, endosulfan levels should be regularly monitored in environmental matrices, especially in aquatic environments, and its metabolites should also be tested for potential negative effects on cognitive processes, due to its adverse effects observed even at sufficiently low concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180218"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving responses and synergistic-competitive relationships within the complex multi-objective system of the Yellow River Basin.","authors":"Ruimin Liu, Anping Zhang, Yue Wang, Yue Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective river basin management demands balancing sediment regulation, ecological protection, and economic development. However, the nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous responses of these objectives to reservoir operations have remained poorly understood. To address this gap, a novel integrated framework is developed, incorporating Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)-based multi-objective functions, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms II (NSGA-II) for optimization, and Copula function analysis. This approach enables a systematic assessment of synergy-competition dynamics among multiple objectives under varying hydrological conditions and operational scenarios. The results showed that sediment and economic benefits increased by 18.7 % and 24.1 % on average, particularly in the middle and lower reaches. Ecological benefits exhibited an \"inverted U-shaped\" response, declining by up to 36.5 % beyond a certain threshold, becoming increasingly pronounced downstream. During dry years, sediment benefits increased by 1.5-2.4 times, while ecological-economic competition intensified by a factor of ten. Upstream cascade operations promoted sediment-economic synergy, whereas downstream regulation alleviated ecological-economic conflicts. These findings provide quantitative evidence and theoretical support for adaptive, resilient water resource management in complex, multi-objective basin systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced environmental footprint through novel food production technologies: Four case studies from Finland.","authors":"Katri Leino, Frans Silvenius, Anniina Lehtilä, Juha-Matti Katajajuuri","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New ways to reduce the climate impact and land occupation of agriculture and food production are needed. This study assessed the potential of four new food production solutions to mitigate the climate impact at the national level in Finland by partly replacing conventional food production solutions. The climate mitigation potential of reforestation of saved land was also assessed. The new production solutions assessed represent cellular agriculture and controlled environment agriculture (CEA). The climate impact and land occupation were assessed for the four new production solutions and for four conventional production solutions using life cycle assessment (LCA). Land use and land use change (LULUC) emissions were systematically included in the LCA. The LCA results were scaled up to the national level with estimated production amounts for Finland. The results showed that these four new solutions can have an impact at the national level when partly replacing conventional solutions. There is mitigation potential in reforestation of the saved land, but the main impact was achieved by replacing conventional production. Cellular agriculture and CEA can provide significant reductions in climate impact, but for CEA reductions in the climate impact depend on the energy sources used. Using low-carbon energy sources ensures that reductions in land occupation can be achieved, as bio-based renewable energy causes large land occupation. The results highlight the importance of considering LULUC emissions in LCAs of conventional agricultural products, especially in areas with organic soils. Decreasing cultivation on organic soils has a high climate impact mitigation potential for conventional food production.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180197"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential phenological responses of permanently vs. intermittently inundated wetlands to climate warming in Northeast China.","authors":"Qiang Liu, Liqiao Liang, Jianfei Wu, Jifa Qin, Tao Sun, Haitao Wu, Denghua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming tends to alter vegetation phenology and prolong the growing season. However, the influence of permanent and intermittent inundation on wetland vegetation responses to climate warming remains uncertain. In this study, we explored the phenological dynamics of wetland vegetation-specifically the start of the growing season (SOS) and end of the growing season (EOS)-across Northeast China from 2001 to 2020 using satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The SOS and EOS are regulated by the complex interactions among water (represented by precipitation, P_re), air temperature (T_a), and net radiation (R_n). For example, both SOS and EOS have been generally brought forward for both intermittent and permanently inundated wetlands. Unexpectedly, the SOS was delayed by the P_re increase, whereas asymmetrical trends were observed for the response of the SOS to changes in T_a for permanently and intermittently inundated wetlands, which was advanced by increased T_a in permanently inundated wetlands but delayed by increased T_a in intermittently inundated wetlands, with the opposite patterns observed under other conditions. Furthermore, the response of the SOS to the R_n threshold further validated that when hydrological status was not a limiting factor, the effects of T_a and R_n played vital roles in regulating the SOS. For permanently inundated wetlands, the SOS was advanced by the negative effects of P_re, T_a, and R_n. The SOS advancement in intermittently inundated wetlands mainly resulted from the negative effects of T_a and R_n, which offset the positive effects of P_re. For the EOS, the proportions of the contribution of T_a to the change in the EOS reached 0.38 and 0.43 for permanently and intermittently inundated wetlands, respectively, which were greater than the changes in P_re and R_n.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of tracking and fixed photovoltaic systems for soil quality improvement in desert: A 5-year field study.","authors":"Yinzhu Liu, Shuangjin Ma, Yu Miao, Yijun Liu, Shiqi Wei, Jieqiong Su, Yahu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deserts offer abundant sunlight and space ideal for photovoltaic (PV) energy; however, the long-term impact of PV systems on desert soil quality remains unclear. This 5-year Kubuqi Desert study compared tracking (oblique/flat single-axis) and fixed-tilt (adjustable/fixed-angle) PV systems to uncovered control plots (with identical land preparation). Compared to the control, the soil moisture and bulk density remained unchanged overall but varied significantly beneath and between the panels under the fixed systems. Both PV types significantly increased soil organic carbon, with tracking systems also boosting available nitrogen and carbon (β-glucosidase) and nitrogen-cycling (leucine aminopeptidase) enzyme activities. Conversely, fixed systems significantly decreased soil calcium carbonate, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Soil pH was significantly lower under the tracking system than under the fixed system. Partial least squares discriminant analysis distinguished the oblique single-axis tracking system, linking it to lower pH and enhanced enzyme-driven nutrient cycling, which was supported by Mantel tests and Pearson correlations. Consequently, both the oblique and flat single-axis tracking systems significantly increased the soil quality index compared to that of the fixed systems and control. These findings indicate that tracking PV systems create more uniform soil conditions and drive positive changes in soil chemical and biological properties, thereby improving desert soil quality more effectively than fixed systems do.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180221"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deposition of microplastics in estuaries: critical review of field and experimental data from the perspective of the Ocean Marginal Filter concept.","authors":"Irina Chubarenko, Liliya Khatmullina, Elena Esiukova, Polina Krivoshlyk, Ahmad Radmanesh Manbohi, Irina Bocherikova, Igor Isachenko, Mohammad Ali Hamzeh, Boris Chubarenko","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estuaries are effective natural filters retaining a significant part of the sediments and contaminants transported by rivers towards the ocean. For these complex and dynamic environments, field studies are the key to reveal the most effective retention mechanisms. This review examines published field observations of microplastics (MPs) contamination in river/estuary/sea transitional areas worldwide from the perspective of the classical Marginal Filter concept. This general concept includes three mechanisms - gravitational sedimentation, sorption, and bio-assimilation, each including a number of contaminant-specific processes. The reviewed field studies on MPs confirm, though still incompletely and sometimes inconsistently, the importance of hydrodynamics, hetero-aggregation with environmental particles, and multifaceted interactions with biota. To obtain wider experimental basis, relevant in-situ, ex-situ, and laboratory studies were reviewed on coagulation of MPs with mineral particles under changing pH and salinity, entrapment in flocs of organic material, adhesion of smaller MPs to the surface of sand grains, co-precipitation with suspended matter. Estuarine MPs transport is suggested to be size and shape selective: millimeter-sized MPs and fibers appear to be more easily exported to the ocean. Time/scale analysis of MPs-related retention/deposition processes suggests that areas of weak hydrodynamics favor the formation of accumulation zones of MPs in all estuaries, while hetero-aggregation and interactions with biota require longer time/space scales and are sensitive to seasonal and event-specific variations of environmental conditions. Water currents, turbulence, salinity, pH, organic matter content, and biomass are the key environmental factors that are highly recommended for simultaneous measurements in future studies of MP distribution in estuaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"997 ","pages":"180210"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}