Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"The utility of silicone wristbands in characterizing exposure to parabens found in commercial lotions","authors":"Jessica L. Levasseur,&nbsp;Kate Hoffman,&nbsp;Sharon Zhang,&nbsp;Heather M. Stapleton","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicone wristbands are increasingly used as a wearable exposure tool to assess inhalation and dermal exposure to semi-volatile organic chemicals present in indoor environments. However, little research has investigated their utility in detecting exposures specifically related to personal care product (PCP) use. Here, we assessed exposure to methyl-, ethyl-, and propylparabens after applying a lotion containing a known amount of each chemical. A convenience sample of 20 adults wore a wristband and collected all urine excreted for three days over two consecutive weeks, keeping their PCP use consistent. During one of these periods, participants were provided with a lotion containing a known amount of parabens and asked to apply it daily (4.57 g applied over three days, with one pump of lotion each day). Urine and wristband samples were extracted and analyzed for parabens via LC-MS/MS. Parabens present in the lotion were detected in 100 % of wristbands across both study periods, while urinary detection of these paraben ranged from 87 to 100 % across periods. Parabens were measured at higher levels in urine and wristbands collected during the lotion application phase. For every 10 % increase in wristband paraben concentrations, the total paraben mass excreted in urine increased an average of 4 % for methylparaben (95 % CI = 3–5 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), 4 % for ethylparaben (95 % CI = 3–5 %, p &lt; 0.0001), and 6 % for propylparaben (95 % CI = 4–7 %, p &lt; 0.0001). This study shows that wristband concentrations reflect differences in use of a PCP containing parabens. Differences in wristband concentrations between study periods were greater than differences in urinary biomarkers of exposure, possibly because wristbands represent total potential exposure from dermal and inhalation routes. As this investigation only required a difference of one pump of lotion applied daily, the sensitivity of wristbands to capture differences in PCP use is promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179163"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular polymeric substances of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria modulate the positive plant-soil feedback in maize via soil conditioning","authors":"Shanmugam Naveen,&nbsp;Dananjeyan Balachandar","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the role of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in plant-soil feedback (PSF), which is often negative in agriculture due to monocropping and poor soil management. While PGPR enhance soil health and crop productivity, their influence on PSF remains underexplored. The study examines two PGPR strains isolated from the rice rhizoplane: <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> QS74, a high-extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-producing strain, and <em>A. hydrophila</em> QSRB5, a low-EPS-producing strain, to assess their role in PGPR-mediated positive PSF. An <em>in vitro</em> experiment evaluated bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and EPS production using synthetic, rice, and maize root exudates as sole carbon sources. A microcosm study assessed PGPR effects on soil properties, followed by a pot culture experiment to evaluate maize growth under PSF conditions. Results revealed that root exudates significantly promoted QS74 growth, biofilm formation, and EPS production compared to QSRB5. Soil inoculation with QS74 and root exudates enhanced soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, labile carbon, and dehydrogenase activity and aggregate stability indices, primarily due to increased EPS production. During soil conditioning stage of PSF, QS74 outperformed QSRB5 and uninoculated control by enhancing nutrient availability, soil biology and aggregate stability, leading to enhanced crop growth, nutrient uptake, and soil health in subsequent crop. This study demonstrates that EPS produced by PGPR facilitates the effective utilization of root exudate carbon during colonization, enriches the soil carbon and nutrients reservoir, enhances nutrient availability and positively influences the subsequent crop growth through plant-soil feedback. Furthermore, it provides a framework for evaluating PGPR-mediated positive PSF in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179256"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismically induced fault leakage from the Val d'Agri hydrocarbon reservoir (Southern Italy)","authors":"G. Schirripa Spagnolo ,&nbsp;F. Gori ,&nbsp;M.D. Barberio ,&nbsp;T. Boschetti ,&nbsp;B. Marchesini ,&nbsp;G. Ruggieri ,&nbsp;A. Caracausi ,&nbsp;A. Sciarra ,&nbsp;M. Paternoster ,&nbsp;D. Novella ,&nbsp;M. Barbieri ,&nbsp;M. Petitta ,&nbsp;A. Billi ,&nbsp;E. Carminati","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocarbon leakage from reservoirs poses significant environmental and societal problems, including the potential contamination of drinking water and agricultural soils. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic leakage is challenging but crucial for assessing human impacts on reservoir seal integrity and developing effective mitigation strategies. To address this issue, this study presents an innovative approach that combines traditional groundwater analyses with fluid inclusion investigation to evaluate hydrocarbon seepage in both present and past shallow fluids, providing insights into long-term sealing history. The Val d'Agri oil field in Southern Italy, an environmentally sensitive area where hydrocarbon leakage is suspected, serves as an ideal case study. Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in Pleistocene-Holocene fault-related calcite veins reveals the entrapment of saturated hydrocarbons with minor aromatic components, similar to those in the current reservoir. This indicates that temporary seal breaches occurred naturally in the geological past (earlier than oil extraction), likely due to fault-valve action during strong earthquakes. Hydrogeochemical analyses of groundwater indicate that the San Giovanni spring, located near productive oil wells, exhibits negative δ³⁴S(SO₄) (−14.20 ‰) and δ¹³C_deep (−11.8 ‰) values, along with a high CO₂ concentration (5.4 mmol/L). These results indicate methane oxidation in the San Giovanni spring, related to long-term mixing between hydrocarbons, likely released during strong seismic events, and meteoric fluids. These findings highlight the importance of reconstructing pre-production processes to assess environmental hazards more effectively, particularly in seismically active, hydrocarbon-rich regions such as the Val d'Agri Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179193"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological assays and metabolomic profiling to evaluate the effects of virgin and aged micro- and nano- polystyrene plastics in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells","authors":"Antonio Laganà ,&nbsp;Barbara Billè ,&nbsp;Giuseppa Visalli ,&nbsp;Alessio Facciolà ,&nbsp;Tiziana Cappello ,&nbsp;Maria Maisano ,&nbsp;Angela Di Pietro","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the contemporary era, named plasticene, the extensive presence of micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) in all environmental matrices constitutes a global challenge that impacts on living beings, including humans. Regardless of the route of exposure, the internalized MPs/NPs may reach the central nervous system and cause cytotoxicity. The effects of nano- and micro- polystyrene particles (n/mPS; 100 μg/mL), both in virgin (v) and home oxidized (ox) form, were assessed on the human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y, treated for 24 h, using toxicological endpoints and ¹H NMR-based metabolomics. A pro-oxidant effect was shown by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, present in virgin and oxidized particles, albeit 27.6 % and 29.5 % higher in ox-nPS and ox-mPS. DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, and lipid peroxidation were found to be directly related to particle size and oxidation state (v-nPS &lt; ox-nPS &lt; v-mPS &lt; ox-mPS). The metabolic changes induced by v- and ox- n/mPS in neuroblastoma cells involved the amino acid and energy metabolism, osmoregulation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission. Interestingly, it was highlighted the ability of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to ox-nPS to counteract more effectively oxidative damage by reshaping metabolic pathways. Overall, the combination of toxicological assays and metabolic profiling confirmed the harmful effects induced by n/mPS to SH-SY5Y cells, always enhanced by the in home-oxidized counterpart, that led to cytotoxic effects and changes in cell metabolism. Despite a variable capacity for cellular homeostasis, the results shed light on the potential risks that these ubiquitous xenobiotics pose to human health, acting also as “triggers” for neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179262"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bismuth accumulation and toxicity in freshwater biota: A study on the bioindicator species Lemna minor and Echinogammarus veneris","authors":"Valentina Iannilli ,&nbsp;Laura Passatore ,&nbsp;Serena Carloni ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Massimi ,&nbsp;Chiara Giusto ,&nbsp;Massimo Zacchini ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Pietrini","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heavy metal bismuth (Bi) is attracting increasing interest for its wide range of applications, from industrial processes to medicine. Given the foreseeable increase in its use, the occurrence of Bi in the environment is expected to increase. There is a lack of information on the impact of this metal on biota, especially for the aquatic ecosystem. In this regard, an experimental study was performed under controlled conditions to assess the effects of Bi on two bioindicator species of the freshwater compartment, namely plants of <em>Lemna minor</em> L. (Lemnoideae) and individuals of <em>Echinogammarus veneris</em> (Heller, 1865) (Amphipoda, Gammaridae). A 7-day assay in <em>L. minor</em> fronds exposed to Bi nitrate in the range of 0–242 mg L⁻¹ showed no effects of the metal on biometric and physiological endpoints (spectral reflectance indices and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters). In parallel, <em>E. veneris</em> individuals were treated with Bi nitrate (0–242 mg L⁻¹) for 24 h to assess genotoxicity by comet assay. The results showed significant Bi-induced DNA damage in gammarids even at the lowest Bi concentrations tested. The analysis of Bi content revealed the high capacity of both species to accumulate the metal in their tissues, demonstrating the ability of L. <em>minor</em> fronds to tolerate the presence of a relevant amount of Bi in solution, whereas <em>E. veneris</em> individuals showed a remarkable sensitivity to the presence of the metal. The effects of Bi observed in the two aquatic organisms represent the first evidence of a species-specific toxic action of this metal in the freshwater ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179263"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predator-mediated nutrient transfers and recycling in ecosystems: Fine-scale variation in the contribution of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) on and around the Kerguelen Islands","authors":"Lola Gilbert ,&nbsp;Jérôme Spitz ,&nbsp;Mathilde Chevallay ,&nbsp;Tiphaine Jeanniard-du-Dot","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waters on the Kerguelen Plateau are characterised by a high productivity and unique nutrient dynamics compared to the surrounding Southern Ocean. They support large populations of amphibious marine predators such as seabirds and marine mammals, which participate in nutrient recycling at sea and nutrient transfers from sea to land on their colonies. This study investigates the contribution of Antarctic fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus gazella</em>) to the biological recycling of 15 essential and 5 non-essential nutrients on and around the Kerguelen Islands during their four-month breeding season. Nutrient concentrations of 59 fur seal scats from two colonies were examined and used to determine faecal nutrient output from lactating females using a bioenergetic model. We evidenced individual variability in the multi-nutrient composition of fur seal scats, with different types of potential fertilisers. Colony differences in scat compositions resulted in multi-nutrient release levels that did not simply reflect colony abundances. This suggests that estimating predators' nutrient release based on averages (diets, prey or faecal nutrient contents) likely overlooks important fine-scale spatial variability in their contributions. Collectively, fur seals deposit up to 628 kg (95 % CI [548–710]) of phosphorus (limiting on land), 46.4 [39.8–53.2] kg of iron (limiting at sea), and 5.9 [5.2–6.8] g of lead (toxic to most organisms). At sea, fur seal defecation could trigger locally significant enrichment events. On land, fur seal faecal nutrient deposition is spatially concentrated in coastal colonies where phosphorus deposition is in the range of global crop fertiliser use. We argue that the role of marine predators in the local nutrient dynamics of the Kerguelen area should not be overlooked, and that fine-scale variability in the nutrient input by such marine predators is important to consider in any local nutrient dynamic study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179195"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting food security with multi-annual climate information: Co-production of climate services for the Southern African Development Community","authors":"Carlos Delgado-Torres ,&nbsp;Sara Octenjak ,&nbsp;Raül Marcos-Matamoros ,&nbsp;Núria Pérez-Zanón ,&nbsp;Eulàlia Baulenas ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes ,&nbsp;Markus G. Donat ,&nbsp;Leila M. Lwiza ,&nbsp;Nadia Milders ,&nbsp;Albert Soret ,&nbsp;Sam Whittlesey ,&nbsp;Dragana Bojovic","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate variability and change poses unprecedented challenges to food security, with shifting temperature trends, altered precipitation regimes, and the intensification of extreme events such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods. Multi-annual climate variability further exacerbates these challenges, underscoring the need for decision-makers to access actionable climate information to inform long-term adaptation strategies. However, multi-annual predictions remain constrained by their modest forecast skill and considerable uncertainty, limiting their use in decision-making. This study presents the co-production of climate services using multi-annual predictions to enhance food security in Tanzania and Malawi, developed as part of the EU-funded H2020 project FOCUS-Africa. These services are based on an interactive online platform to deliver deterministic and probabilistic predictions of key variables, including mean temperature, precipitation, temperature extremes, and drought conditions for the coming years. To ensure transparency, forecast quality metrics are provided to guide users in assessing the quality and reliability of the climate information. Complementary co-designed bulletins summarize these predictions in accessible language, fostering engagement and practical application through in-person workshops and feedback sessions. This paper demonstrates how co-production can help address the emerging demand for climate information to support food security decisions at multi-annual timescale. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement in tailoring climate services to user needs. This study also identifies critical challenges in the co-production process and outlines strategies to overcome them, offering valuable insights for advancing climate services for supporting multi-annual decisions in other sectors and contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179259"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular response of earthworm, Eisenia fetida to Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) exposure","authors":"Krishna Gautam ,&nbsp;Sukhveer Singh ,&nbsp;Beena Vamadevan ,&nbsp;Sadasivam Anbumani","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters recently received significant attention to overlook regulatory agencies' safety potential due to their toxicological implications on humans and the environment. The present study has been carried out to explore the toxicity of Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in earthworm <em>Eisenia fetida</em>. Low-level long-term exposure defiles earthworm health through elevated ROS and its detrimental impact on reproductive organs and reproduction. Based on KEGG and GO analysis, global transcriptomics reveals differentially expressed gene transcripts affecting key signaling pathways. Further validation by q-PCR showed significant upregulated expression of genes involved in stress (<em>CuZn-SOD</em>, <em>CAT</em>), metabolism (<em>GST)</em>, reproduction and gametogenesis (<em>ANN</em> and <em>Piwi-2)</em>, and endocrine (<em>EcR)</em> functions. Interestingly, lower concentrations of BP-3 are biologically effective in exhibiting a non-linear concentration-response pattern towards the expression of reproduction and endocrine function genes. In addition, BP-3, through soil exposure, significantly alters the gut microbiome by inducing changes in bacterial diversity, while fungal diversity remains unaffected. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes have significantly affected phyla, whereas Ascomycota and Basidiomycota remain dominant, suggesting their potential role in metabolizing or tolerating the BP-3 contamination. The findings highlight the molecular consequences of BP-3 exposure in earthworms and indicate the broader environmental impacts of benzophenone-type organic UV filters on terrestrial biota. The information could also be helpful for chemical risk assessment in soil ecotoxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179265"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an open-source nutrient delivery model for estimating pesticide loads in river catchments","authors":"Emily V. Upcott ,&nbsp;Virginie Keller ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Read ,&nbsp;Clarissa Rizzo ,&nbsp;Jude Jeans ,&nbsp;John W. Redhead","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying pesticide runoff hazard in catchments is necessary to predict the impacts and target mitigation. Achieving this at scale through regular, long-term water quality monitoring at multiple sites is time- and resource-intensive. Ideally, such monitoring should be supplemented by models that can estimate pesticide loads in a quicker, less costly manner, especially for unmonitored catchments.</div><div>We developed a novel modelling method combining the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Nutrient Delivery Ratio (InVEST® NDR) model and the UKCEH Land Cover® <em>plus</em>: Pesticides maps to estimate pesticide load across England. The InVEST NDR model is a widely used, open-source pollutant runoff model, but has not yet been evaluated for use with pesticides. We compared our modelled approach with a measurement-based (“measured”) approach. This measured approach used pesticide concentration data from the Environment Agency and river flow data using Qube (a water resource estimation tool) for catchments upstream of the sampling sites: 54 for bentazone and 21 for chlorotoluron.</div><div>The significant positive relationships between measured and modelled pesticide loads were stronger when the measured approach accounted for the proportionate area of arable land cover, presumably because the modelled approach only incorporated pesticides from arable sources, explaining up to 90 % of the variation in relative hazard between catchments. Thus, our modelled method forms a flexible approach to mapping relative pesticide runoff hazard over large spatial extents, especially where monitoring is limited. It could also be used to rapidly prioritise catchments for more complex analysis to produce accurate measures of absolute loads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179223"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term biodegradation study on tire and road wear particles and chemicals thereof","authors":"Steffen Weyrauch ,&nbsp;Bettina Seiwert ,&nbsp;Milena Voll ,&nbsp;Thorsten Reemtsma","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) are continuously formed by automotive traffic on roads. This study reports effects of long-term degradation over 2 years in water and in soil in the presence of microbes on TRWP and on cryo-milled tire tread (CMTT). Degradation in water had little measurable effect on physical properties of TRWP; a shift towards larger particle sizes was mainly due to the mechanical stress from stirring. The total quantified extractables (TQE) of 27 chemicals and transformation products determined from tire particles were reduced by 90 % from TRWP and CMTT in water and by 85 % in soil. Most of this decrease occurs within the first months. For both materials, however, the speed of loss of TQE in water and in soil decreased drastically over time. Its kinetics was approximated by two phases of 1st order kinetics, resulting in half-lives from 17 days for diphenylguanidine (DPG) in phase 1 to 520 days for 6-PPD-quinone (6-PPDQ) in phase 2 of TRWP biodegradation in water. For soil, half-lives tend to be clearly longer in phase 2 compared to water but remained &lt;1000 days for chemicals such as benzothiazole sulfonic acid (BTSA), <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>′-diphenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylendiamine (DPPD) and hydroxybenzothiazole (OH-BT). For N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (6-PPD) and 6-PPDQ they exceeded 2000 days from TRWP. Only 1–15 % of TQE lost from the tire materials remained detectable at the end of the experimental period in the supernatant of the suspension or in leachates of the soil. Mostly benzothiazoles were determined from solution. The biodegradation experiments show an effective reduction of a large part of the chemical burden of TRWP of polar and moderately polar compounds. Despite that, TRWP may serve as a long-term reservoir for some of the tire related chemicals or their transformation products in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"975 ","pages":"Article 179240"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}