Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"Climate-driven transformations in the Western Himalaya: projecting glacier retreat, snow cover variability, and future meltwater runoff","authors":"Japjeet Singh ,&nbsp;Vishal Singh ,&nbsp;Chandra Shekhar Prasad Ojha","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high rate of warming in the Himalayan region is causing increased glacier melting and altering river flow patterns. This study focuses on the western Himalayan watershed, the Upper Ganga Basin (UGB), which is starting point of the Ganga River and a major contributor of snow/glacier melt to its streamflow. A coupled modeling framework was developed by integrating glacier thickness with the Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model. The model was calibrated through a three-way hybrid approach using observed streamflow, MODIS-derived snow cover area (SCA), and historical glacier thinning records. The calibrated model reproduced hydrological processes well, achieving mean R², NSE, KGE, and RSR values of 0.815 (0.82), 0.715 (0.635), 0.64 (0.59), and 0.53 (0.595) for calibration (validation), respectively. It also reproduced an average winter snow cover of 47 % (2002–2005), closely matching the MODIS estimate of 46.5 %, and a mean glacier thinning of −3.24 m (2001–2015), compared with the observed −3.74 m. The model was then applied to project streamflow variation, SCA, and glacier thickness changes for 2001–2100 under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios: high-emission (SSP585) and moderate-emission (SSP245). Projections indicate that the rainfall-runoff contribution to total streamflow will rise from 70.6 % (historical) to 84.7 % under SSP585 (2055–2100), while glacier melt and snowmelt contributions will decline from 9.9 % to 6.8 % and from 18.3 % to 7.7 %, respectively. The glacier area in the UGB is projected to shrink by approximately 40 % under SSP245 and 45 % under SSP585 by 2100. Greater dependence on rainfall runoff could lead to higher peak flows during the monsoon season, increasing flood risk, while reduced glacier and snowmelt contributions would increase drought risk during dry years. Under the high-emission scenario, snowfall is projected to start later and end earlier, with less snowfall in December and March and greater concentration in January–February.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180755"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of pollution properties in typical tropical island watershed and their significant for source apportionment: A case study of Sanya, China","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanjun Peng ,&nbsp;Xinzhi Li ,&nbsp;Ling Mo ,&nbsp;Licheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropical coastal watersheds face complex pollution challenges due to heterogeneous land-use patterns and seasonal anthropogenic activities. This study developed a multi-dimensional pollution fingerprinting framework to resolve source contributions in Central Fishing Port, Sanya, China. We integrated four analytical tiers: (1) multivariate statistical screening of water quality parameters represented pollution sources, (2) seasonal analysis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), (3) pollution apportionment using receptor model based on multi-source variables, and (4) validation of pollution sources at molecular-level with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Comparative modeling demonstrated that PCA-APCS-MLR outperformed PMF in traceability accuracy (R² &gt; 0.82 vs. &gt;0.65), particularly in resolving overlapping fishery and domestic sewage contributions. Key findings demonstrated that there was strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity in pollution source contributions due to the fishing activities, and complementary capabilities of EEM-PARAFAC and FT-ICR MS for qualitative source identification. Based on the integration of physicochemical parameters of water quality, fluorescence spectra and mass spectrometry, the traceability and apportionment accuracy of complex and overlapping pollution sources were effectively improved. This integrated approach highlighted the synergistic value of multi-parameter integration (physicochemical-optical-mass spectrometric) for coastal receptor modeling, providing a transferable template for tropical estuary pollution management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180737"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dryland ecosystem regeneration and plant metal(loid) accumulation strategies 60 years after revegetating a mine tailings pond","authors":"Tomasz Wlodarczyk ,&nbsp;Flurin Babst ,&nbsp;Kamila Murawska-Wlodarczyk ,&nbsp;Owyn Stokes ,&nbsp;Andrew Salywon ,&nbsp;Willem J.D. van Leeuwen ,&nbsp;Cynthia Libantino Norton ,&nbsp;Shelby Rader ,&nbsp;Raina M. Maier ,&nbsp;Alicja Babst-Kostecka","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The revegetation of anthropogenically degraded sites is challenging in drylands where the combination of harsh substrates and climatic stress creates a restrictive environment. Mine tailings are particularly complex, and the number of successfully revegetated sites has remained small. Our study aimed to investigate one of the few successfully revegetated Cu-Mo tailings ponds in a semi-arid part of the U.S. Southwest to improve our understanding of the drivers and barriers of plant establishment. Integrating in situ vegetation surveys, biochemical analyses of plants and soils, and remote sensing, we assessed vegetation structure, composition, and metal(loid) uptake in various sections of the tailings pond and an adjacent natural area. Based on a hierarchical cluster analysis, we found that plant communities at different successional stages corresponded to specific substrate properties across the site. Depending on the biochemistry and thickness of the surface soil, plants exhibited variable nutrients and metal(loid) accumulation in foliage. We also found that certain soil properties may facilitate the mobility of Cu from tailings layers to the surface. Intriguingly, some of the species (hyper)accumulated Cu, Se, and Re at levels of up to ∼750, ∼80, and ∼90 mg kg⁻¹ respectively. For these species, we established robust elemental benchmarks through the X-ray fluorescence screening of many herbarium specimens from uncontaminated natural locations and confirmed their affinity for elevated metal(loid) accumulation at a larger scale. Our findings can facilitate species selection for future reclamation research and applications. Upcoming work may leverage the same methodological framework to continue closing the knowledge gap of the factors that determine revegetation success or failure in drylands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180705"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional environmental risk thresholds for cadmium in Chinese agricultural soils: Integrating zonal soil types and pedogenic properties","authors":"Lei Yu ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Luyao Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxiao Liu ,&nbsp;Ruyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jingze Li ,&nbsp;Shibao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scientific soil environmental quality standards are critical for preventing “over-protection” and “under-protection” of soil ecosystems, and for supporting soil quality and risk assessments. To account for pedogenic processes and spatial heterogeneity in regional soil development, we classified China's agricultural soils into nine zones with distinct soil types and pedogenic properties. Sixty soil samples from diverse ecoregions were analyzed for Cd toxicity using pot experiments and literature-derived datasets. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) modeling was used to derive region-specific HC₅ thresholds (the concentration that protects 95 % of species), revealing significant variability in Cd bioconcentration factors (BCFs: 0.09–1.62) across soil types and crops. Effect concentrations (EC_x) for ecological indicators also differed markedly among soils with contrasting physicochemical properties. To account for the changed bioavailability of Cd due to aging processes in real field conditions, toxicity data were corrected using aging factors (AFs). SSD-derived HC₅ values varied 0.14–0.72 mg·kg⁻¹ across nine subzones, with regression models linking HC₅ to soil properties. Comparative analysis with China's Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618) highlighted the inadequacy of a uniform national criterion, demonstrating the necessity of region-specific standards. This work provides empirical evidence and methodological frameworks to optimize soil environmental quality regulations across China's agro-ecological zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180748"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypochlorination of Loratadine: Chemical identification and ecotoxicological effects of derivative byproducts","authors":"Armando Zarrelli ,&nbsp;Elena Orlo ,&nbsp;Antonio Medici ,&nbsp;Giovanni Di Fabio ,&nbsp;Giovanni Luongo ,&nbsp;Margherita Lavorgna ,&nbsp;Chiara Russo ,&nbsp;Marina Isidori","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loratadine (LORA) is a second-generation antihistamine widely used since its approval by the FDA in 1993. The significant excretion of LORA (approximately 40 % in urine and 42 % in feces) contributes to its frequent occurrence in wastewaters and subsequently in aquatic environments, where it is typically detected at ng/L levels. This study investigates the possible formation of LORA degradation byproducts (DBP) under neutral hypochlorination, a common water disinfection process. Eight DBPs were generated, and they were isolated via HPLC and fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Among them, 5 compounds have been reported here for the first time. Formation pathways were proposed for all identified DBPs.</div><div>The acute and chronic toxicity of LORA and its DBPs was evaluated using ecotoxicological assays with freshwater species representing different trophic levels: the microalga <em>Raphidocelis subcapitata</em> (primary producer) and the rotifer <em>Brachionus calyciflorus</em> (primary consumer).</div><div>Acute effects of the DBPs occurred at concentrations of hundreds of μg/L. Regarding chronic toxicity, algae showed low sensitivity to both LORA and its derivatives, while rotifers were more susceptible to the DBPs, with effective concentrations ranging from a few ng/L to hundreds of ng/L range.</div><div>Conversely, LORA induced only a 38 % effect at 2000 ng/L, indicating higher chronic toxicity of DBPs compared to the parent compound.</div><div>These results underscore the environmental relevance of LORA DBPs, which may pose a higher chronic risk to aquatic organisms than the parent compound, especially under typical water treatment conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180753"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of imidazole and triazole on burr medic and oilseed rape seedlings: Phytotoxicity, transformation, and bioaccumulation","authors":"Anastasia E. Karnaeva ,&nbsp;Aleksey L. Milyushkin ,&nbsp;Kseniya P. Khazanova ,&nbsp;Dmitry V. Rostanets","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin used to control pests and insects. Environmental pollution occurs when pesticide contamination spreads away from the target plants. Pesticides and their transformation products can have adverse effects on both target and non-target plants and organisms. Azole antifungals, which are imidazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives, are the most commonly used agents for treating invasive fungal infections. Imidazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole are important degradation products of these substances. In this study, <em>Brassica napus</em> (oilseed rape) and <em>Medicago polymorpha</em> (burr medic) were used as test plants for imidazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole accumulation and leaching experiments, and the green alga <em>Scenedesmus quadricauda</em> was used to determine their toxicity. Burr medic was found to absorb more 1H-1,2,4-triazole, whereas oilseed rape absorbed imidazole more rapidly with increasing concentrations. Imidazole leached from both species over time in the absence of an external pollutant source significantly faster than 1H-1,2,4-triazole. The algae experiment showed that 1H-1,2,4-triazole was more toxic than imidazole, and a mixture of imidazole and 1H-1,2,4-triazole at low concentrations was more toxic than the individual substances. Using GC–MS/MS, HPLC-MS/MS and machine learning methods, previously unknown imidazole metabolites in oilseed rape tissues were detected and their structures determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180772"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined impact of climate and seismic activity on groundwater hydrogeochemistry in the Eastern Southern Alps, Italy","authors":"Francesca Gori ,&nbsp;Adriana Damato ,&nbsp;Mario Anselmi ,&nbsp;Ilaria Baneschi ,&nbsp;Marino Domenico Barberio ,&nbsp;Maurizio Barbieri ,&nbsp;Andrea Billi ,&nbsp;Tiziano Boschetti ,&nbsp;Manuel Curzi ,&nbsp;Giorgia Lucianetti ,&nbsp;Matteo Salvadori ,&nbsp;Alessandra Sciarra ,&nbsp;Marco Petitta","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater systems can be perturbed by natural events such as climatic extremes and earthquakes, two complex phenomena that may also interact. This multidisciplinary study investigates their combined effect on groundwater in the Eastern Southern Alps (Italy), an active compressional zone, using hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, and seismological data. Between May 2022 and May 2024, thirteen springs were monitored annually, with five sampled monthly for chemical-physical parameters, major and trace ions. Most springs show a Ca-HCO₃ facies, indicative of shallow karst circulation, whereas two (Canal and Colesei) exhibit a Ca-SO₄ facies, characterized by elevated Na, Cl, and temperatures, suggesting contributions from deeper sources. Stable isotopes of water and dissolved gases confirm meteoric origin for all springs, while ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, trace elements, and geothermometers further support deep inputs at Canal and Colesei. Statistical analyses (Principal Component Analysis and Change Point Detection) identified geochemical anomalies possibly linked to (i) prolonged drought, which reduced aquifer recharge and enhanced ion concentrations, and (ii) seismicity, notably a M_w 5.8 earthquake ∼245 km away, potentially varying mixing between shallow and deep systems. These results highlight the outstanding need for integrated monitoring to understand and manage groundwater resources, particularly in tectonically active and densely populated areas facing climate change and extreme events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180771"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145335018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adjacency effect in optical remote sensing: A review on emergence, implications, and corrections for aquatic high-contrast environments","authors":"Victor Lion,&nbsp;Bastian Robran,&nbsp;Frederike Kroth,&nbsp;Natascha Oppelt","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adjacency effect (AE) in optical remote sensing emerges from atmospheric scattering of photons reflected from surrounding areas into the sensor’s instantaneous field of view (IFOV). This leads to spectral blending over heterogeneous surfaces with high contrast, expanding over horizontal distances of several kilometers and distorting the target signal. Therefore, AE can cause significant errors in quantitative retrieval of surface reflectance in high-contrast environments and further derived information, such as pixel-based chlorophyll-a concentration. This review aims to make the niche topic of AE in optical remote sensing more accessible to a broader audience. It provides non-specialists with an understanding of AE emergence, implications, and correction methods suitable for aquatic high-contrast environments. We summarized key advancements in the field, highlighting studies that introduced correction methods. We guide readers on how these studies theoretically and practically work, emphasizing their strengths and weaknesses. In the highly dynamic research field, some promising AE correction algorithms have been published recently. RAdCor and T-Mart stand out with their promising results and freely accessible nature. We applied both methods to a case study of the Osterseen Lake District south of Munich (Germany), demonstrating their application and effectiveness in correcting AE in the near-infrared (NIR) while identifying room for improvement in the visible light (VIS). These findings also reflect the broader conclusions of this review. While recent algorithms mainly concentrate on operational applicability, future research could focus on expanding AE correction to non-vegetated surfaces and regions beyond mid-latitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180769"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field study on the hydraulic behavior of heavy soil: Effects of biochar application rates","authors":"Reza Esmaeilnezhad ,&nbsp;Kamran Zeinalzadeh ,&nbsp;Sina Besharat ,&nbsp;Hossein Kheirfam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The amount of biochar applied in soil amendment significantly influences environmental impact, cost-efficiency, and soil improvement effectiveness. However, there is limited understanding of how varying biochar application rates affect the hydraulic performance of fine-textured soils under field conditions. A field-scale evaluation was conducted to determine how various rates of poplar wood waste biochar (0, 25, 50, and 75 t ha⁻¹) influence the hydraulic characteristics of clay loam soil. Key soil physical and hydraulic properties were assessed, including mean weight diameter (MWD), bulk density (BD), average infiltration rate, soil moisture, flow dynamics in different pore classes, and both saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that biochar application at 50 and 75 t ha⁻¹ significantly increased MWD by 13.0 % and 17.7 %, field capacity by 3.7 % and 7.5 %, and permanent wilting point by 3.0 % and 6.1 %, respectively, while reducing BD by 14.5 % and 17.8 % compared to the control. A clear positive trend was observed between biochar application rate and average infiltration rate, with the highest rates (50 and 75 t ha⁻¹) yielding the most substantial improvements in water infiltration. Applying biochar at 50 t ha⁻¹ significantly improved saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivity in fine-textured soils by enhancing macropore flow, indicating beneficial changes to soil pore structure. This rate provided the best balance between improving soil hydraulic properties and resource efficiency, highlighting its potential as a sustainable practice to boost water infiltration and retention in water-limited agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180752"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the occurrence and ecotoxicology of ciprofloxacin in aquatic environments: Insights into clay-based adsorptive remediation measures","authors":"Peter Olusakin Oladoye ,&nbsp;Oluwatosin Sarah Shokunbi ,&nbsp;Abayomi Bamisaye ,&nbsp;Toyin Adedayo Oreofe ,&nbsp;Kehinde Oluwasiji Olorunfemi ,&nbsp;Mutiat Oyedolapo Bamigboye ,&nbsp;Oluwapelumi Micheal Ajiboye ,&nbsp;Mohammed Kadhom ,&nbsp;Segun D. Oladipo","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of the emerging contaminants of environmental concern because of its continual and heavy use. Concerns about CIP are ascribed to its persistence and incomplete degradation in the environment, which could lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacterial strains. Adsorption of CIP has played a remarkable role in the treatment of CIP-laden (waste)water, and the role of clay adsorbents has increasingly emerged. However, limited studies have been reported on the use of clay-based adsorbents for CIP adsorption, compared to the use of other adsorbents. Second, the lack of understanding of interaction pathways and the effectiveness of clays might limit its practical application in wastewater treatment. Given this gap, this paper present state-of-the-art review on the adsorption of CIP using clay-based adsorbents. Our findings revealed that composite of graphene oxide–kaolinite and activated montmorillonite–kaolin are synergistically effective to remove CIP sorption with demonstrated sorption capacities of 408.16 mg/g and 344.82 mg/g, respectively. Bentonite-based composites showed the best performance, particularly ZnO/CuO–bentonite, with 451 mg/g experimentally and about 1249.3 mg/g calculated capacity, with a removal efficiency of nearly 99 %. Overall, pH was found to play dominant role in controlling CIP adsorption as well as the electrostatic attraction as dominant mechanism of uptake. Isotherm modelling suggested that the best fit model was Langmuir isotherm (<span><math><msup><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0.96</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>0.99</mn><mo>)</mo></math></span> which confirms chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. This state-of-the-art synthesis recommends the adoption of clay and clay-composites for further interdisciplinary research in order to optimize adsorption systems for probable real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"1004 ","pages":"Article 180738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}