Science of the Total Environment最新文献

{"title":"Effects of the invasive riparian plant Arundo donax on riverine fish: a call for action?","authors":"Alberto Maceda-Veiga ,&nbsp;Nicole Colin ,&nbsp;Ralph Mac Nally ,&nbsp;Humbert Salvadó ,&nbsp;Adolfo de Sostoa ,&nbsp;Jian D.L. Yen","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies that investigate the effects of a given invasive exotic species within real-world contexts are essential for informing effective management decisions. Here, we used extensive surveys of stream reaches in north-eastern Spain to test whether the presence of the widely distributed invasive exotic riparian plant <em>Arundo donax</em> is detrimental to the conservation of riverine fishes. To explore potential impacts of <em>A. donax</em> at different temporal scales, we examined fish responses using indicators of relatively recent effects (body-condition index) and longer lasting effects (functional diversity indices, taxonomic richness, and the relative abundance of 12 fish species). We found correlative evidence for net positive effects of the presence of <em>A. donax</em> on native fish richness and body condition but negative effects on the overall functional diversity of fish assemblages, including invasive exotic and translocated native fish species. Our analyses also revealed significant interactions between <em>A. donax</em> and local stream conditions, suggesting that these net effects of the plant on fish might shift in direction in some circumstances. In particular, several indicators at the fish community scale support that the presence of <em>A. donax</em> may be beneficial to fishes in streams with high Strahler order values, in-stream habitat diversity and lack of channelization. The plant may provide shelter and refugia to fish in these medium, low-land Mediterranean streams with typically poor cover of high riparian vegetation. Therefore, without overlooking the serious threats caused by biological invasions, this study illustrates that, at least under specific environmental conditions, the local removal of <em>A. donax</em> alone may not achieve the desired ecological outcomes if pre-existing fish-habitat relationships are not taken into account.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180139"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of river flow regime to snow water storage variability across mid˗latitude region in Eastern Europe","authors":"Urszula Somorowska","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seasonal snow cover has important implications for water cycles, freshwater ecosystems, and human activities. Despite a number of global studies on the relationship between snow water storage features and streamflow variability, such interdependences remain largely under-exploited, particularly in lowland areas. An open question remains: how are snow metrics and streamflow signatures interconnected over a broad range of variability? Focusing on the mid˗latitude region of the Eastern European Lowlands, this study quantitatively explains (1) how cold-season thermal features and snow water storage (SWS) have been changing over recent decades and (2) how these shifts impact spring snowmelt, streamflow features, and baseflow. Here, a 60-year (1961<img>2020) snow water equivalent dataset and hydrometeorological observations are used to conceptualize the linkages between a selected set of paired indicators. The streamflow sensitivity to the snow water storage is examined using the elasticity approach. An advance is made by defining the design of the SWS and then deriving synthetic snow and streamflow patterns. The results show that SWS of 9076 mm is accompanied by a snowmelt rate of 4.1 mm/d, causing a streamflow raising rate of 0.1 mm/d and a peak flow of 2.4 mm/d. Conversely, lower SWS of 2062 mm and a snowmelt rate of 0.7 mm/d cause a lower streamflow raising rate of 0.02 mm/d and a peak flow of 0.9 mm/d. Moreover, with reduced SWS, the share of the spring baseflow increases from 47 % to 66 %. These findings advance our understanding of how changing SWS transforms nival river regimes. The vulnerability of a nival river regime to climate change is identified, which might facilitate comparisons across different river basins and regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyls in various fish species farmed and caught in the Adriatic Sea over ten years: A health risk assessment","authors":"Nina Bilandžić ,&nbsp;Maja Đokić ,&nbsp;Tamara Nekić ,&nbsp;Marija Sedak ,&nbsp;Ines Varga ,&nbsp;Ivana Varenina ,&nbsp;Božica Solomun Kolanović ,&nbsp;Đurđica Božić Luburić ,&nbsp;Bruno Čalopek ,&nbsp;Darija Vratarić ,&nbsp;Damir Pavliček ,&nbsp;Ana Končurat","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in six fish species from the Adriatic Sea over a ten-year period. The aim of the study was to evaluate the differences in PCB levels between two five-year intervals (2014 to 2018 and 2019 to 2023) and to conduct a risk assessment for the Croatian population. The concentrations of six indicator PCB congeners—28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180, and PCB-118, along with their cumulative sum (PCB6 and ICES-7 PCBs) were determined. PCB-153 and PCB-138 were identified as the dominant congeners, contributing between 57.0 % and 67.2 % to the total sum. The mean values of the most abundant congeners were ranked as follows: PCB-153 &gt; PCB-138 &gt; PCB-180. PCBs above the limit of quantification were detected within a range 0.1–21.9 μg/kg wet weight. The highest mean concentration across all fish species was found for PCB-153 (0.26–5.03 μg/kg), followed by PCB-138 (0.09–1.91 μg/kg). ICES-7 PCBs values varied between 1.24 μg/kg (salmon-bass) and 11.8 μg/kg (tuna) for farmed fish, and between 0.85 μg/kg (sea bass) and 6.14 μg/kg (sardines) for wild fish. In the second period (2019–2023), significantly lower concentrations of ICES-7 PCBs were observed in both farmed and wild sea bass and gilthead seabream. Statistically significant differences between farmed and wild fish were confirmed for both species. A significant decrease in ICES-7 PCBs was observed in wild other fish during the period 2019 to 2023. The risk assessment indicated that the consumption of tuna and sardines significantly contributes to population exposure to ICES-7 PCBs. Toddlers, along with individuals from all age groups who consume substantial amounts of fish, are at the highest risk of exposure to these contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180167"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing anthropogenic contamination in a riverine source-reservoir continuum: Insights from molecular markers","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Buqing Xu ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Geng ,&nbsp;Bolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangcai Zhong ,&nbsp;Shizhen Zhao ,&nbsp;Yangzhi Mo ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Gan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic contamination poses a growing threat to water quality, yet most studies focus on discrete river segments rather than entire hydrological continuums where contaminant transformation occurs. This study explored this gap by investigating the spatial distribution, sources, and transport pathways of organic pollutants across a complete hydrological continuum, using the Xinfengjiang Reservoir Basin as a case study. Sampling sites were classified into three hydrological units: riverine sources, watercourses and reservoir. Anthropogenic molecular markers were systematically applied to elucidate spatial contamination patterns, apportion pollutant sources, and identify key driving factors. Key findings revealed distinct spatial trends: concentrations of sewage and petroleum contamination markers peaked in watercourses but remained low in both riverine sources and the reservoir, suggesting anthropogenic contamination was primarily localized to the watercourses. Land-use patterns emerged as key drivers of anthropogenic contamination distribution. Notably, the reservoir exhibited a strong self-purification capacity, maintaining relatively low contamination levels despite substantial upstream inputs. The dam modulated the fate of pollutants, promoting accumulation of particulate pollutants while facilitating the attenuation of readily degradable organic contaminants. This study highlights the effectiveness of molecular markers in tracing contamination dynamics across river-reservoir systems, providing essential insights for water quality management and strategies to mitigate anthropogenic impacts in reservoir ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180132"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metal accumulation across different growth stages of Perna viridis, cultured in a natural habitat and human health risk assessment","authors":"D. Vidyalakshmi ,&nbsp;Aneena Yesudas ,&nbsp;Gopika Sivan ,&nbsp;E. Akhil Prakash ,&nbsp;P. Priyaja","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green mussel, <em>Perna viridis</em> is renowned for its nutritional profile and as an effective bio-accumulator, making it a valuable indicator of pollution. This study examined the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in <em>P. viridis</em> from spat to adult stage over one year period in a natural mussel bed. Monthly analysis of metals such as Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, As, and Se was conducted in water, sediment and different body parts (gut, gill, soft tissue, byssus thread and shell) of <em>P. viridis</em>. The impact of monsoonal influence on the uptake of heavy metals and risk assessments were also conducted. Metals like Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cr were detected throughout the culture period. The concentration of the metals increased from the spat to the adult stage. The gut tissues exhibited the highest concentrations followed by the gills and soft tissues. The shell and byssus thread showed lower concentrations compared to soft tissues. All metals exhibited peak concentrations during the pre-monsoon period, decreased during the monsoon and again increased during the post-monsoon season highlighting a strong seasonal influence. The human risk assessment indicated that the heavy metal concentrations were within safe limits, posing minimal risk of lethal effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180157"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-source evaluation of a non-stationary drought index informed by climatic teleconnections across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia","authors":"Mohammad Rezaie-Balf,&nbsp;Lloyd H.C. Chua","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonstationarity in meteorological series presents challenges for drought monitoring, particularly under dynamic climatic influences. This study aims to refine meteorological drought assessment in the Murray-Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, by developing a nonstationary drought index (NeSPI) within the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) framework. The NeSPI incorporates large-scale climate indices, including the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Nino3.4, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), to better capture temporal variability and climatic teleconnections. The study identified B-splines as the optimal smoothing function, with the 3-month NeSPI capturing local heterogeneity and the 6-month NeSPI reflecting regional coherence through non-linear, low-precipitation models influenced by broader climatic drivers. The study evaluates the NeSPI against the traditional SPI using historical precipitation data across multiple timescales. Results indicate that nonstationary models demonstrated superior accuracy in capturing short-term drought dynamics, highlighting temporal variability overlooked by stationary indices. Moreover, NeSPI showed superior alignment with the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Root-Zone Soil Moisture (SM-RZ), particularly during the Millennium Drought (2007–2009), capturing drought onset, peak intensity, and recovery more effectively than SPI. Wavelet analysis revealed significant coherence between NeSPI and SOI at interannual scales (2–8 years), as well as between NeSPI and Nino3.4 during 1995–2005 and 2010–2015, with additional influences from the IOD (1995–2005) and PDO at decadal scales (8–16 years). These findings highlight NeSPI's robustness in capturing nonstationary drought dynamics, offering a valuable tool for improved drought monitoring and management in the MDB and other climatically sensitive regions under changing environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180138"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic biases undermine environmental representativeness of European biodiversity data","authors":"Emilio García-Roselló ,&nbsp;Jacinto González-Dacosta ,&nbsp;Jorge M. Lobo","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biases and gaps in biodiversity data lead to significant disparities in species descriptions and distribution patterns across taxonomic groups. Although various modelling approaches can help address these gaps, they require the available data to be environmentally representative. In this study, we use data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to examine geographical biases, data gaps, and spatial completeness patterns in species distribution records for the 20 main classes of terrestrial organism in Europe—the world's oldest region for taxonomic and natural history research. By identifying spatial units with complete inventories for each class, we assess their quantity, distribution, and capacity to represent the environmental variability of the European subcontinent. Our results reveal high spatial heterogeneity and substantial variation among taxa in the number of well-surveyed units. Vertebrates and vascular plants have several times more well-surveyed cells than invertebrates and mosses. In terms of environmental representativeness, the findings highlight the uncoordinated and opportunistic accumulation of biodiversity data and the urgent need for improved coverage. This situation raises concerns about the reliability of current biodiversity data for accurately characterizing species distributions and limits the effectiveness of species distribution models. Given the scale and urgency of the biodiversity crisis, waiting for complete and reliable data before taking conservation action is not a viable option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180178"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent fluxes and emission factors of volatile organic compounds from pig manure and solid/liquid digestates","authors":"E. Roth ,&nbsp;C. Tape ,&nbsp;P. Michonneau ,&nbsp;A. Chakir","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying digestates to crops leads to emissions of atmospheric pollutants. Among these, volatile organic compounds (VOC) not only contribute to odorous emissions but also play a key role in tropospheric ozone formation and the generation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The aim of this study was to measure VOC emissions over 10 days following the spreading of raw pig manure and various liquid and solid digestates obtained from different input materials using a flux chamber and a PTR-ToF-MS for VOC measurements. A molecular formula was assigned to 63 compounds detected by PTR-ToF-MS within an <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> range of 33.033 to 137.13. Among the identified compounds, 25 were oxygenated compounds, 11 unsaturated hydrocarbons, 11 aromatics, 10 organo‑nitrogen compounds, and 6 organo‑sulfur compounds. Immediately after spreading, total fluxes ranged from 119 to 2543 μg/m²/h. These initial emissions were transient and primarily associated with the degassing of the fertilizer/conditioner. Over the 10-day period, total VOC emission factors were similar across all fertilizers/conditioners, averaging around 7500 μg/m², except for the solid digestate derived from plant-based methanization, which exhibited emission levels 3 to 4 times higher. Acetone and acetic acid were the key products emitted. Overall, the results indicate that both the physical phase and the input materials significantly influence the nature, fluxes and emission factors of VOC. Unsaturated hydrocarbons emissions were promoted by pig manure digestates. Formic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone, and C₃H₆O₂ were temporarily inhibited for several hours to one day after spreading before increasing again, likely due to solubilization in the liquid phase of the fertilizer. Finally, both solid and liquid digestates resulting from the anaerobic digestion of manure mixed with plants have the highest impact in terms of tropospheric ozone formation, while SOA formation potential is around the same for all fertilizers/conditioners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180147"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) profiles of carabid beetle communities exposed to acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos or λ-cyhalothrin","authors":"Agnieszka J. Bednarska ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Sowa ,&nbsp;Danuta Frydryszak ,&nbsp;Renata Śliwińska-Grochot ,&nbsp;Ryszard Laskowski","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many carabid species are essential for pest management in agricultural areas, but at the same time can be exposed to pesticides. To understand how pesticides may affect ecosystem services provided by carabids, it is crucial to assess the effects of exposure not only for individual species but for whole communities. The objective of our study was thus to assess the distribution of sensitivity in carabid communities inhabiting agricultural landscapes toward three insecticides representing three major groups: neonicotinoid acetamiprid, organophosphate chlorpyrifos, and pyrethroid λ-cyhalothrin. Using a vial test, in which an active ingredient dissolved in acetone is evenly distributed inside a glass vial, we first assessed the median lethal doses (24-h LD₅₀) for each insecticide to 10–20 species collected in agricultural areas, which were further used to establish Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) profiles. Each insecticide tested caused a serious threat to beetle communities at the recommended field doses, with the strongest effect caused by chlorpyrifos and the weakest by acetamiprid. The estimated Potentially Affected Fraction (PAF) of species at doses of the insecticides recommended for field use was 100 % for chlorpyrifos, 99.8 % for λ-cyhalothrin, and ca. 66 % for acetamiprid. The Hazardous Doses for 5 % species (HD5) were 0.034, 0.47, and 3.79 % of their recommended field doses, respectively. Our findings prove that carabids are a group of ecosystem service providers at considerable risk from insecticide exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180154"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The urban mycobiome of transport environments: Characterising the fungal composition of passive dust samples collected in railway stations in England","authors":"Emma Marczylo ,&nbsp;Sameirah Macchiarulo ,&nbsp;James Isaac ,&nbsp;Jodi Brookes ,&nbsp;Jonathan Carruthers ,&nbsp;Thomas Finnie ,&nbsp;Krusha V. Patel ,&nbsp;Brian Crook ,&nbsp;Philippa Douglas","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal bioaerosols, including spores and fragments, are significant components of urban air and are associated with infectious and allergic disease. Despite their importance, fungal bioaerosols are less well studied compared to bacteria and viruses. Mass transit environments, such as railway stations, represent a potential source of occupational and community exposure to fungal bioaerosols. While some studies have analysed the fungal composition of subway systems, there is limited information on overground stations. Here we combined metabarcoding of the ITS2 region with ecological guild assignment to analyse a subset of 259 settled dust samples collected from 9 stations across England over a 12-month period. These samples were part of a larger set of 1287 samples collected from 17 English and Scottish overground railway stations that had been previously analysed with traditional culture methods. Our approach enabled the identification of a wider range of fungal taxa than the original study, demonstrating that the urban mycobiome of the railway stations was a dynamic balance of taxa from both environmental and human sources covering diverse functional guilds. Station location, layout and season independently contributed to urban fungal richness, diversity, and composition. Functional guild analysis enabled identification of possible fungal sources and highlighted those of potential concern for workers and commuters. Future research should focus on better understanding source apportionment, the biological mechanisms linking fungal exposures to adverse health outcomes and, developing and evaluating targeted interventions to improve air quality within railway stations and other urban public spaces to minimise associated health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":422,"journal":{"name":"Science of the Total Environment","volume":"996 ","pages":"Article 180086"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}